BASIC

Abstract—Research on multi fingered robot hand (MFRH) is being carried out to accommodate a variety of tasks such as grasping and manipulation of objects in the field of industrial applications, service robots, and rehabilitation robots. The first step in realising a fully ...

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vitro virulence of three isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae to eggs and larvae of the tick Boophilus microplus. The fungus tested was isolated from engorged females of B. microplus collected in the field, and identified as Ma01, Ma02 e Ma04. These isolates were evaluated by immersion of eggs and larvae in suspension with different conidial concentrations: 105, 106, 107 e 108 conidia/ml. In each isolate there was a treatment group for each spore concentration and a control group with 10 repetitions. It was observed in the treated egg groups that there was a hatching percentage that was much less than that observed in the control groups. This was in inverse proportion to the conidia concentration/ml. Larval bioassays of all the tested isolates resulted in a high mortality of larvae in direct proportion to the spore concentration/ml, 10 days after the conidia suspensions were inoculated. To consolidate the infection, the fungus used in bioassays was re-isolated. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

It has become increasingly clear that courts across the globe must do more to better organize and manage their caseload and that automation alone is not the answer. In response to this need, case flow management has emerged to become the central method of promoting greater court responsibility and accountability for efficient case processing. For over thirty years court case management concepts have evolved, starting in the United States (U.S.), spreading to other industrialized common law countries initially. Yet, for many judicial systems, the concept, techniques, and supporting systems of case flow management are still relatively new ideas that need to be more fully understood. This paper helps develop a basic understanding of case flow management by defining the concept, outlining the various techniques used, presenting in general the different case management information systems that support those techniques, and outlining the core steps a judicial system can take to plan for, ...

The effect of acetic acid concentration on xylose fermentation to xylitol by Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 was evaluated in semisynthetic medium containing different concentrations of the acid. Increasing acetic acid concentration up to 1.0 g/1 favored xylitol yield and productivity, with maximum values of 0.82 g/g and 0.57 g/.h1, respectively. The presence of acetic acid reduced cell production at all concentration. Furthermore, acetic acid was assimilated by the yeast together with the sugars and was depleted from the medium at concentrations of less than 3.0 g/1. The ability of this yeast to assimilate acetic acid suggests that these cells act as agents of medium detoxification. This behavior may lead to a viable microbiological process of xylitol production by C. guilliermondii FTI 20037 using xylose-rich lignocel-lulosic hydrolysates in which acetic acid is commonly present, causing inhibition of fermentative activity.

After significant diplomatic efforts, South Africa’s inclusion into the BRICS grouping in 2011 can be
regarded as one of South Africa’s principal foreign policy achievements over the past years. It also
fundamentally altered the nature of the BRICS group, giving it a more global structure. Yet little is
known about why South Africa sought BRICS membership, why it was chosen over larger economies
(e.g. Indonesia) or faster-growing countries (e.g. Nigeria), and how this altered South Africa’s insertion
into the international system. This article details the deliberations about South Africa’s inclusion into
the BRICS and its premiere as a BRICS member at the 3rd BRICS Leaders’ Summit in Sanya in 2011,
which symbolized an important step towards the institutionalization of the BRICS grouping. It argues
that Brazil’s, China’s and India’s previous interaction with South Africa, for example in the context of
the BASIC and IBSA groupings, contributed to generating trust between large emerging powers and
South Africa. South Africa was therefore a far more natural choice and involved fewer risks of reducing
the group’s capacity to develop joint positions in multilateral fora. While both the BRICS grouping and
South Africa significantly benefitted from the inclusion, it also made South Africa’s foreign policy
challenges more complex, as it increasingly has to balance its emerging power commitments with its
role as representative of Africa’s poorer nations and that of regional leader.

STUDIES IN EMOTION AND SOCIAL INTERACTION Second Series Series Editors Keith Oatley University of Toronto Antony Manstead University of Amsterdam This series is jointly published by the Cambridge University Press and the Editions de la Maison des Sciences de ...

The formation of N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase is under carbon catabolite repression in growing Penicillium chrysogenum. The enzyme accumulates inside the cells during the stationary phase of growth and is released into the culture fluid when the cell-wall lysis has started and progressed. The time-course of enzyme formation strongly supports the suggestion that fungal N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase may have a role in the degradation of intermediate cell-wall breakdown products during starvation. Regarding that analogous enzymes from other fungi have been shown to be able to liberate GlcNAc monomers from different glycoproteins and glycopeptides a possible participation in the orderly destruction of cellular glycoprotein components cannot be excluded. The physical and enzyme kinetic properties of both intracellular and extracellular N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase are essentially the same indicating that the enzyme is probably released into the culture fluid without modification.