The aim of this study is to investigate interrelationships between overexcitability and learning patterns from the perspective of personality development according to Dabrowski’s theory of positive disintegration. To this end, Bayesian... more
The aim of this study is to investigate interrelationships between overexcitability and learning patterns from the perspective of personality development according to Dabrowski’s theory of positive disintegration. To this end, Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) is applied which allows for the simultaneous inclusion in the measurement model of all, approximate zero cross-loadings and residual covariances based on zero-mean, small-variance priors, and represents substantive theory better. Our BSEM analysis with a sample of 516 students in higher education yields positive results regarding the validity of the model, in contrast to a frequentist approach to validation, and reveals that overexcitability – the degree and nature of which is characteristic of the potential for advanced personality development, according to Dabrowski’s theory – is substantially related to the way in which information is processed, as well as to the regulation strategies that are used for this purpose and to study motivation. Overexcitability is able to explain variations in learning patterns to varying degrees, ranging from weakly (3.3% for reproduction-directed learning for the female group) to rather strongly (46.1% for meaning-directed learning for males), with intellectual overexcitability representing the strongest indicator of deep learning. This study further argues for the relevance of including emotion dynamics – taking into account their multilevelness – in the study of the learning process.
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el efecto de algunas variables latentes influyentes sobre la competencia lectora y la alfabetización matemática en una muestra de estudiantes costarricenses participantes en la prueba PISA... more
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el efecto de algunas variables latentes influyentes sobre la competencia lectora y la alfabetización matemática en una muestra de estudiantes costarricenses participantes en la prueba PISA 2009. Se estable un modelo de medida para los constructos latentes y un modelo estructural que establece la relación entre constructos, basado en la teoría y en la opinión de expertos en la temática. Se estima un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, tanto desde un enfoque clásico o frecuentista como desde una perspectiva Bayesiana. En ambos enfoques las estimaciones resultan muy similares en el modelo de medida y en el modelo estructural, resultados que dan evidencia empírica a favor de las hipótesis planteadas.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of some influential latent variables on reading competence and mathematical literacy in a sample of Costa Rican students participating in the PISA 2009 test. A measurement model is established for the latent variables, and a structural model that establishes the relationship between latent variables, based on the theory and the opinion of experts in the subject. A structural equations model is estimated, both from a classical or frequentist approach and from a Bayesian perspective. In both approaches, the estimates are very similar in the measurement model and in the structural model, results that give empirical evidence in favor of the hypotheses proposed.
There are many factors which could influence the sustainability of airlines. The main purpose of this study is to introduce a framework for a financial sustainability index and model it based on structural equation modeling (SEM) with... more
There are many factors which could influence the sustainability of airlines. The main purpose of this study is to introduce a framework for a financial sustainability index and model it based on structural equation modeling (SEM) with maximum likelihood and Bayesian predictors. The introduced framework includes economic performance, operational performance, cost performance, and financial performance. Based on both Bayesian SEM (Bayesian-SEM) and Classical SEM (Classical-SEM), it was found that economic performance with both operational performance and cost performance are significantly related to the financial performance index. The four mathematical indices employed are root mean square error, coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error to compare the efficiency of Bayesian-SEM and Classical-SEM in predicting the airline financial performance. The outputs confirmed that the framework with Bayesian prediction delivered a good fit with the data, although the framework predicted with a Classical-SEM approach did not prepare a well-fitting model. The reasons for this discrepancy between Classical and Bayesian predictions, as well as the potential advantages and caveats with the application of Bayesian approach in airline sustainability studies, are debated.
The aim of this study is to provide – first theoretically and, subsequently, through an empirical analysis – a rationale for including the concept of overexcitability in talent research, beyond the five-factor model personality traits.... more
The aim of this study is to provide – first theoretically and, subsequently, through an empirical analysis – a rationale for including the concept of overexcitability in talent research, beyond the five-factor model personality traits. Moreover, the empirical part of this study makes use of an innovative statistical method to address the problem of a frequentist approach to statistics in complex trait models which are based on personality questionnaire data. This study offers insight into the differential significance of overexcitability in relation to the established personality traits, emphasizing Dabrowski’s dynamic approach to personality and the key contribution of overexcitability in the developmental process. Furthermore, implications for the field of giftedness are discussed.
