Berberis

Изучены особенности репродуктивной биологии ресурсных видов травянистых и древесных растений при интродукции на Севере. Выявлены адаптивные приспособления данных видов к новым почвенно-климатическим условиям. Установлено, что все интродуценты вступают в генеративный период развития, успешно цветут и плодоносят, образуя при этом жизнеспособные семена.

Со-авторы - Скроцкая Ольга Валерьевна, Волкова Галина Арсентьевна, Скупченко Людмила Алексеевна, Михович Жанна Эдуардовна, Рубан Галина Алексеевна, Зайнуллина Клавдия Степановна

Berberis is used for treating more than 100 diseases worldwide. Fourteen (14) different Berberis species and subspecies have been reported for more than 31 times by at least 25 researchers from Karakoram, Hindukush and Western Himalayan Mountain Ranges in Pakistan. A serious confusion continues to exist among researchers regarding their taxonomic correct identification and distribution. Present study was aimed at assessment of geographical distribution and contribution towards removing ongoing misunderstanding regarding taxonomic documentation.

Berberis aristata DC root is used in traditional medicine for a number of ailments including metabolic disorders.The aim of the present study was to explore the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of 50% aqueous ethanolic root extract of Berberis aristata (BA) in alloxan induced diabetic rats.BA root extract (250 mg/kg) was administered to diabetic rats and standard drug glybenclamide (0.6 mg/kg) to group serving as positive control. Effect of extract on antioxidant and carbohydrate metabolism regulating enzymes of liver was studied in diabetic rats along with its safety parameters.The main constituents of root were identified as berberine, berbamine and palmatine through HPTLC. The extract besides being safe, lowered the blood glucose significantly without any hypoglycemic effect on their control counterparts. It increased CAT, SOD, GPx, GR activity significantly and reduced lipid peroxidation (41.6%) and protein carbonylation (30.15%). It also increased the glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and decreased glucose-6-phosphatase activity in diabetic rats which play a critical role in glucose homeostasis.Thus, the extract of Berberis sristata (root) has strong potential to regulate glucose homeostasis through decreased gluconeogenesis and oxidative stress.

Many cryopreservation techniques are currently available, and it is common for new modifications to be developed for individual crops or specific genotypes. In this study, results of variations of the PVS2 cryopreservation protocol are compared to provide evidence for the suitability of a standard form of this technique for cryopreservation of a range of fruit, berry crops, and potato. Shoot cultures of Malus, Solanum, Lonicera, and Berberis were tested with variations of cold acclimation, pretreatment media, and PVS2 exposure times. A general protocol with some modifications was produced that was suitable for all four genera. The regenerative capacity of shoot tips after cryopreservation by this method exceeded a mean of 50% for Malus, Solanum, Lonicera, and Berberis, which is sufficient for setting storage in a cryobank. After liquid nitrogen storage, the shoot cultures that survived had a healthy appearance and developed rapidly. For each species tested, the only optimization required was the preparation of donor plants by cold acclimation and pretreatment. The choice of one common method simplifies the methodology for conducting experiments and storing a range of germplasm. The use of the PVS2 vitrification method with a 0.3-M sucrose pretreatment is multiuse and can be recommended as the most effective method for the cryopreservation of shoot tips from many plant species.

This review, besides detailed taxonomic description of genus, presents a chronology of each 29 Berberis species reported from CKNP, Gilgit-Baltistan and Pakistan. Furthermore, review revealed that the actual number of Berberis species reported from any area of Pakistan might be less than the stated one. There are thirteen (n=13) species and subspecies reported from CKNP and fourteen (n=14) from entire Gilgit-Baltistan province, however, morphological relatedness analysis of Berberis species from CKNP revealed that there are only two subspecies of a single species i.e. B. pseudumbellata. However, these confusions, to a greater extent inherited across most of the Berberis species because of morphological changes over age, edaphic variations, vulnerable overlapping characters under influence of environment and hybridization. A detailed but inclusively integrated revision of the genus is need of the time. Until then, acute misinterpretations and uncertainty will continue to exist. Historically such revisits have led to revise and address such issues. Similarly, Landrum (1999) recognized only 20 Berberis species out of the sixty (n=60) reported by Ahrendt (1961) from Chile (United States). Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/

One of the most common disorders of the endocrine system is diabetes mellitus. This disease is associated with dyslipidemia. Adiponectin is a protein hormone that secreted by adipocytes and has an important role in regulating of glucose and fatty acid metabolic pathways. This study was designed to investigate the changes in serum level of adiponectin in diabetic rats treated with hydroalcoholic extracts of three medicinal plants; jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), barberry (Berberis vulgaris) and saffron (Crocus sativus) in comparison with quercetin. Streptozotocin -induced diabetic male rats were gavaged with specified doses of the extracts (25 and 100mg/kg) for two weeks. At the end of treatment period, fasting blood specimens were collected. The levels of adiponectin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), total Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C were measured. Statistical analysis showed that serum levels of triglyceride and VLDL decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all treated groups. FB...

Gene duplication leads to paralogy, which complicates the de novo assembly of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data. The issue of paralogous genes is exacerbated in plants, because they are particularly prone to gene duplication events. Paralogs are normally filtered from GBS data before undertaking population genomics or phylogenetic analyses. However, gene duplication plays an important role in the functional diversification of genes and it can also lead to the formation of postzygotic barriers. Using populations and closely related species of a tropical mountain shrub, we examine 1) the genomic differentiation produced by putative orthologs, and 2) the distribution of recent gene duplication among lineages and geography. We find high differentiation among populations from isolated mountain peaks and species-level differentiation within what is morphologically described as a single species. The inferred distribution of paralogs among populations is congruent with taxonomy and shows that GBS could be used to examine recent gene duplication as a source of genomic differentiation of nonmodel species.

To evaluate the action mode of Berberis vulgaris root extract in the alleviation of oxidative stress, female Japanese quails (n 180, aged 5 weeks) were reared, either at 22°C for 24 h/d (thermoneutral, TN) or 34°C for 8 h/d (heat stress, HS), and fed one of three diets: diets containing 0, 100 or 200 mg of B. vulgaris root extract per kg for 12 weeks. Exposure to HS depressed feed intake by 8·5 % and egg production by 12·1 %, increased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level by 98·0 % and decreased hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities by 23·5, 35·4 and 55·7 %, respectively (P< 0·001 for all). There were also aggravations in expressions of hepatic NF-κB and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) by 42 and 43 %, respectively and suppressions in expressions of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and haeme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) by 57 and 61 %, respectively, in heat-stressed quails (P< 0·001 for all). As supplemental B. vulgaris extract increa...

The present study investigated the capacity of formulated Berberis vulgaris extract/β-cyclodextrin to protect liver against CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Formulated and non-formulated extracts were given orally (50 mg/kg/day) to mice for 7 days and were then intra-peritoneally injected with 1.0 mL/kg CCl(4) on the 8th day. After 24 h of CCl(4) administration, an increase in the levels of apartate-amino-transferase (AST), alanine-amino-transferase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was found and a significant decrease in superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) levels could be detected. This was accompanied by extended centrilobular necrosis, steatosis, fibrosis and an altered ultrastructure of hepatocytes. Pre-treatment with formulated or non-formulated extract suppressed the increase in ALT, AST and MDA levels and restored the level of antioxidant enzymes at normal values. Histopathological and electron-microscopic examina...

We investigated the mechanisms of anti-Candida action of isoquinoline alkaloid berberine, active constituent of medically important plants of Barberry species. The effects on membrane, morphological transition, synthesis of ergosterol and the consequent changes in membrane permeability have been studied. Polarization and lipid peroxidation level of the membrane following berberine treatment have been addressed. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of berberine against C. albicans was 17.75 μg/mL. Cytotoxic effect of berberine was concentration dependent, and in sub-MIC concentrations inhibit morphological transition of C. albicans cells to its filamentous form. Results showed that berberine affects synthesis of membrane ergosterol dose-dependently and induces increased membrane permeability causing loss of intracellular material to the outer space (DNA/protein leakage). Berberine also caused membrane depolarization and lipid peroxidation of membrane constituents indicating its dir...

Les extraits aqueux et éthanolique de l'écorce des racines de Berberis hispanica (B. vulgaris subsp. australis) ont été testés contre la croissance de trois mycobactéries. La CMI de l’extrait éthanolique est de 0,15 mg/ml pour M. aurum A+, 0,2 mg/ml pour M. bovis IPP et 1,1 mg/ml pour M. smegmatis MC2. Cette dernière CMI a un effet bactéricide sur M. smegmatis MC2 infectant les macrophages péritonéaux de Rat

One of the most common disorders of the endocrine system is diabetes mellitus. This disease is associated with dyslipidemia. Adiponectin is a protein hormone that secreted by adipocytes and has an important role in regulating of glucose and fatty acid metabolic pathways. This study was designed to investigate the changes in serum level of adiponectin in diabetic rats treated with hydroalcoholic extracts of three medicinal plants; jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), barberry (Berberis vulgaris) and saffron (Crocus sativus) in comparison with quercetin. Streptozotocin -induced diabetic male rats were gavaged with specified doses of the extracts (25 and 100mg/kg) for two weeks. At the end of treatment period, fasting blood specimens were collected. The levels of adiponectin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), total Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C were measured. Statistical analysis showed that serum levels of triglyceride and VLDL decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all treated groups. FB...

Gene duplication leads to paralogy, which complicates the de novo assembly of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data. The issue of paralogous genes is exacerbated in plants, because they are particularly prone to gene duplication events. Paralogs are normally filtered from GBS data before undertaking population genomics or phylogenetic analyses. However, gene duplication plays an important role in the functional diversification of genes and it can also lead to the formation of postzygotic barriers. Using populations and closely related species of a tropical mountain shrub, we examine 1) the genomic differentiation produced by putative orthologs, and 2) the distribution of recent gene duplication among lineages and geography. We find high differentiation among populations from isolated mountain peaks and species-level differentiation within what is morphologically described as a single species. The inferred distribution of paralogs among populations is congruent with taxonomy and shows ...

CONTEXT:
Berberis aristata DC (Berberidaceae) is an important medicinal plant with claims of widespread medicinal value in indigenous medicine. It is used by herbal healers to treat oral cancers.
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the antineoplastic activity of the extracts of Berberis aristata in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice with cisplatin as positive control in the advanced stage of tumorigenesis. Materials and methods: Brine shrimp lethality bioassay (BSL) of extracts and effect on the tumor cell viability in vitro were carried out. EAC was induced in Swiss albino mice by injecting 10(6) cell/mL of tumor cell suspension i.p. Antineoplastic activity of the aqueous and ethanol extracts (100 and 6.5 mg/kg i.p., respectively) was compared with that of cisplatin (3.5 mg/kg i.p.) on the parameters such as percentage increase in weight, median survival time, and hematology.
RESULTS:
Ethanol extract attenuated percentage increase in weight gain (-6.86 ± 1.50) due to tumor cell proliferation and increased the survival time (19.5 days) when compared to control group (19.10 ± 2.31 and 16 days, respectively). However, the effect was less than that of cisplatin. In vitro cytotoxicity assay as well as BSL test showed the cytotoxic effect of the extracts. Cisplatin and the extracts reversed the tumor-induced alterations in total white blood cell count, differential leukocyte counts, total red blood cell count, and hemoglobin contents.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:
Of the two extracts, the ethanol extract was observed to be more efficient and the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids may be responsible for the observed anticancer effects.