Botanical Insecticides

A importância da utilização de sinergistas está relacionada à minimização da quantidade de inseticida químico necessária para o controle de insetos, podendo contribuir com a diminuição da contaminação ambiental e preservação de insetos benéficos. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito sinérgico e da homogeneidade de resposta de lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) às doses subletais do óleo essencial de Piper aduncum L. (OEPA) em combinações com formulações de organofosforados e carbamato, comparadas àquelas com butóxido de piperonila (PBO). Foram obtidos fatores de sinergismo (FS) para comparação dos tratamentos entre si. Por contato residual, evidenciou-se significativa potencialização dos inseticidas Profenofós (FS= 5,4 – 7,7), Fenitrotiona (FS= 3,9 – 29,2) e Clorpirifós (FS= 3,4 – 7,8). Já por contato tópico ocorreu significativa potencialização dos inseticidas: Profenofós + ¼ da DL50 do OEPA (FS= 5,4), Fenitrotiona + ¼ da DL50 do OEPA (FS= 33,8)...

An examination of insect resistance was determined by several steps, i.e. standard sensitivity, resistance diagnosis, and determination of resistance level. Each phase was tested with feeding and residue contact methods at glass tube. Resistance ratio (RR) was determined by comparing LC50 value of field population with standard population. Field population of C. pavonana was classified resistant if it had RR 5 4. Biochemistry analysis of resistance was conducted to population of C. pavonana showing resistance to prophenophos insecticide. The activity analysis of acetylcholine esterase (ACHE), esterase, and Glutation Stransferase was done with spectrophotometer method. Insect which are resistant to prophenophos insecticide was tested for its sensitivity to Barringtonia asiatica seed extract. Result indicated that C. pavonana population from Pengalengan showed resistance to prophenophos synthetic insecticide. Using contact test, the highest resistance ratio value was 4.04, while by fe...

Present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of toxicity of some botanicals and selective insecticides against Asian citrus psyllids Diaphorina citri Kuwayama which is a vector of huanglongbing or citrus greening and widely spread in citrus growing regions. In laboratory, cumulative mortality of adult D. citri with Confidor® (imidacloprid), Movento® (spirotetramat) and Radiant® (spinetoram) was more than 95% at commercially recommended doses. These three insecticides showed similar trend toward mortality of adult psyllids either applied through spray or leaf dip method. The cumulative mortality of adult psyllids was 77 % and 86% with spray and leaf dip method respectively. Datura showed 86% mortality of nymphs in leaf dip method. The mortality of adults after spray with Datura was 31% and after leaf dip treatment 60%. It is concluded that the products we used in our study are effective against D. citri and due to their bio-based chemistries these are supposed to be less ...

En Colombia, como en otros países, existen numerosas especies de insectos plagas que afectan los cultivos y las cosechas. La flora tropical, rica y diversa, es un recurso valioso, el cual ofrece una gran cantidad de plantas que producen compuestos útiles, económicamen­te importantes como aceites, fibras, medica­mentos y plaguicidas. La información etnobo­tánica permite la selección de plantas para in­vestigar su potencial bioactividad, aplicables como agentes de control natural, en las estra­tegias del Manejo Ecológico de Plagas (MEP). Los metabolitos secundarios, de distribución limitada en grupos taxonómicos específicos, a los cuales se les atribuyen funciones ecoló­gicas y de defensa contra microorganismos y otros depredadores, presentan propiedades ac­tivas, selectivas y especializadas. Preparados de origen natural se utilizan desde tiempos muy antiguos debido a sus propiedades insectici­das y repelentes tales como piretroides, rote­noides y limonoides. Los extractos de algunas ...

Crude powders of Azadirachta indica, Lantana camara, and Tephrosia vogelii, each at six concentrations (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10% w/w), and Actellic SuperTM 2% dust were evaluated for repellence anti-feeding and toxicity to adult Prostephanus truncatus. Treatments were laid out in a completely randomised design with four replicates. Results showed that powders were strongly repellent (PR values 73.0–90.0%) and caused 46.2–52.2 and 69.7–85.6% reductions in grain damage and F1 progeny, respectively. Results showed that powders were weakly toxic to P. truncatus causing 40% kill 21 days after treatment compared to 100% kill by Actellic SuperTM2% dust 5 DAT. The findings are discussed in the context of their relevance for integrated pest management options in smallholder agriculture.

Termites, Odontotermes obesus (Rambur)and Microtermes obesi are one of the most destructive polyphagous insectpests of wheat and difficult to manage in loamy and sandy loam soils [1, 2]. Its attacks throughout the crop growth by feeding on roots or the root zone, the damage caused during seedling stage and near maturity results in yield losses to the tune of 60%. Termite incidence is usually high in light textured soils and the affected plant finally dies. Sharma [3] estimated the termite losses to wheat crop varying from 0 to 15 percent in western Rajasthan. At present, insecticides are the mainstay for termite management strategies in crops and urban areas in India and the world [1, 2]. Termites are extremely difficult to manage, and chemical pesticides are the mainstay for the management of these insect-pests at present [4]. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the bio-efficacy of chemical insecticides and organic pesticide for management of termites in wheat.

An examination of insect resistance was determined by several steps, i.e. standard sensitivity, resistance diagnosis, and determination of resistance level. Each phase was tested with feeding and residue contact methods at glass tube. Resistance ratio (RR) was determined by comparing LC50 value of field population with standard population. Field population of C. pavonana was classified resistant if it had RR 5 4. Biochemistry analysis of resistance was conducted to population of C. pavonana showing resistance to prophenophos insecticide. The activity analysis of acetylcholine esterase (ACHE), esterase, and Glutation Stransferase was done with spectrophotometer method. Insect which are resistant to prophenophos insecticide was tested for its sensitivity to Barringtonia asiatica seed extract. Result indicated that C. pavonana population from Pengalengan showed resistance to prophenophos synthetic insecticide. Using contact test, the highest resistance ratio value was 4.04, while by fe...

Chrysodeixis chalcites Esper is the main pests in soybean plants cultivation that can cause damage up to 90%.  One of controlling was done by using areca nuts (Areca catechu L.) which has a potential as a botanical insecticide. This study aimed to obtain effective concentrations of areca nuts extract to control Chrysodeixis chalcites Esper pests on soybean plants (Glycine max L.). This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Pest and Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru from August to November 2018. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD), which consisted of five treatments and four replications, namely: the concentration areca nuts extract 0 g.l-1 water, 20 g.l-1 water, 40 g.l-1 water, 60 g.l-1 water, and 80 g.l-1 water. The results showed that the concentration of 80 g.l-1 of water was an effective concentration to control Chrysodeixis chalcites pest with an initial death time of 14 hours, lethal ...

Grain damage due to pest infestation is among the top challenges facing cereals production. Maize grains being among the staple food in different parts of the world is prone to destruction by pests such as vertebrates, fungi and insects who are known to affect maize before harvest and during post harvest storage. Sitophilus zeamais is among the potential maize grains infestants. The efforts to control the pest highly depends on the application of synthetic pesticides which are faced by challenges of limited access, fear for toxicity, development of resistance among the pests and environmental pollution. This study aimed at assessing the toxicity, anti-feedant and repellence activities of crude methanol extracts of wild mushroom Cantharellus cibarius on Sitophilus zeamais in stored maize grains towards searching for alternative means of pest control. Assessments were conducted using six levels of concentrations ranging between 0.05 to 0.5 % w/w. Nontreated grains and treated grains w...

A field experiment was conducted to screen out sixteen rice varieties against rice leaf folder at research farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi during Kharif season of 2019 and 2020.Out of sixteen varieties screened, Suraksha, C. R. Dhan 304, C.R. Dhan 201 and PAC-801 emerged as resistant and promising against the leaf folder, receiving leaf damage due to leaf folder (LDLF) incidence below 10 percent even when they were grown in unprotected conditions as against the significantly and substantially higher pest incidence (i.e. LDLF %) recorded in case of TN-1

Los nanomateriales son considerados “las herramientas del futuro” debido a su amplia gama de aplicaciones tecnológicas. Recientemente, la alúmina microparticulada nano-diseñada (NSA/NAIP), un material que tiene propiedades insecticidas ha ganado importancia debido a su uso potencial para el control de plagas en el agro. Las nanopartículas de alúmina se sintetizan a través del método de combustión, en el que el reactivo y la metodología de síntesis son las variables que determinan las características de las partículas resultantes, el tamaño, la estructura, efectos cuánticos, así como las propiedades dieléctricas y magnéticas. La actividad insecticida de la NSA también depende de su contraparte, la carga eléctrica del cuerpo del insecto, cuya magnitud varía con la especie, su movilidad y sustrato sobre el cual se desplaza. Los primeros trabajos sobre el nanoinsecticida NSA describen su mecanismo de acción como secuestraste de las ceras cuticulares de los insectos; sin embargo, aún es ...

Diversity of insecticide activity of Calophylum soulattri Burm. F. (Clusiaceae) originate from West Kalimantan. The objective of this research was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of the bark extract of Calophyllum soulattri from West Borneo against Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae.  Extraction of the bark was performed with maceration method using ethanol and continued by acetone reextraction.  High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with C18 column (reversed-phase) and methanol-water (1:1) as the mobile phase was used to measure the amount of active components.  Bioassays were done using leaf-residual method.  The results showed that acetone bark extract of 10 sample plants of C. soulattri possessed strong lethal effect against C. pavonana larvae.  The lethal effect of the extracts did not differ from each other and the correlation with the content of active components was not significant. The sample plant no. 12 showed the highest yield of ace...

Barringtonia asiatica is one of the plants that the seeds extracts has insecticidal properties. However, the bioactivity of this seed extract has not been tested against Chilo sacchariphagus larvae which is the main pests in sugar cane. The treatment was carried out at several levels of concentration of methanolic seed extract of B. asiatica. The 15 cm of fresh sugarcane shoot dipping into the extract solution in some second. After the solution of extract on the sugarcane shoot dried, the first instar of larvae infested to the sugarcane shoot and then put into 20 cm test tube with 3 cm of diameter.  The duration of feeding on treated sugarcane shoot was two days and on the following day the larvae were fed on sugar cane shoots until the survived larvae reached the 5th instar. The results of the experiment indicated that B. asiatica seed extract was toxic to C. sacchariphagus with an LC50 value of 0.398% at 16 days after treatment. Besides toxic, B. asiatica seed extract also has ati...

Abstrak Ulat api merupakan salah satu kendala penting dalam budidaya tanaman kelapa sawit, karena ulat ini dapat memakan daun dan menyebabkan kerusakan berat sehingga dapat merugikan perkebunan kelapa sawit. dan sudah menjadi endemik pada daerah tertentu. Dalam pengendaliannya digunakan insektisida kimia/sintetik dimana penggunaan secara terus menerus dapat menimbulkan berbagai efek negatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan ekstrak daun Lamtoro sebagai biopestisida dalam mengendalikan hama ulat api (Setothose asigna v. Eecke). Daun Lamtoro diekstrak menggunakan pelarut etanol dengan cara maserasi dan dilanjutkan dengan penguapan pelarut menggunakan rotary evaporator. Variasi ekstrak yang digunakan adalah 20%, 40%, 60% dan 80%. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penyemprotan secara langsung ekstrak daun Lamtoro pada ulat api dan menggunakan insektisida Deltamethrin sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun Lamtoro efektif dalam mengendalikan hama ulat...

Author(s): Stansly, Philip A.; Arevalo, H. Alejandro; Qureshi, Jawwad A.; Jones, Moneen M.; Hendricks, Katherine; Roberts, Pamela D.; Roka, Fritz M. | Abstract: Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening is a bacterial disease vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) and causing mottled leaves, tree decline, and yield loss. Vector control and foliar nutrition are widely employed in Florida and elsewhere to respectively slow the spread of HLB and mitigate debilitating effects of the disease. A replicated field study was conducted in a 5.4-ha commercial block of young ‘Valencia’ orange trees through four harvests employing a factorial design to evaluate individual and compound effects of a popular foliar nutrient program and threshold-based vector management.

Dampak negatif yang disebabkan oleh insektisida sintetik, menjadikan insektisida botani sebagai alternatif dalam pengendalian hama tanaman. Piper methysticum merupakan tanaman obat yang berasal dari Papua yang mempunyai potensi sebagai insektisida botani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas ekstrak n-hexane dan etil asetat P. methysticum sebagai insektisida, hambatan makan atau antifeedant dan penghambatan berat larva P. xylostella. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan beberapa perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak n-hexane dan etil asetat P. methysticum, yaitu konsentrasi 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, dan 4000 ppm. Pengujian menggunakan metode celup pakan, setiap perlakuan menggunakan 20 larva dan diulang empat kali. Data yang diperoleh adalah mortalitas larva, jumlah pakan yang dimakan dan pertambahan berat larva P. xylostella dari intar II sampai menjadi pupa. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians dengan uji lanjut jarak berganda Duncan. Nilai LC50 diten...

Adenia spp. (Passifloraceae) grows widely in many parts of Eastern and Southern Africa. Though some species of the plant are known to be generally toxic, a few of them are used in traditional medical practices. Among the many uses is the claim that when given to goats and cows which have difficulty in giving birth, it hastens the process of giving birth. We found this of interest and set out to investigate it further. We determined the effect of the water extract of Adenia globosa on the isolated preparation of the rat uterus and how this action interacts with ergometrine and prostaglandin F2α, two well-established uterine stimulants. The crude extract and the other drugs were tested on isolated rat uterus set up in an organ bath under the usual laboratory conditions. The results obtained showed that the plant extract caused a dose-dependent contraction of the rat uterus. The contractile effect was potentiated by small doses of ergometrine and prostaglandin F2α. It was therefore pos...

Grain damage due to pest infestation is among the top challenges facing cereals production. Maize grains being among the staple food in different parts of the world is prone to destruction by pests such as vertebrates, fungi and insects who are known to affect maize before harvest and during post harvest storage. Sitophilus zeamais is among the potential maize grains infestants. The efforts to control the pest highly depends on the application of synthetic pesticides which are faced by challenges of limited access, fear for toxicity, development of resistance among the pests and environmental pollution. This study aimed at assessing the toxicity, anti-feedant and repellence activities of crude methanol extracts of wild mushroom Cantharellus cibarius on Sitophilus zeamais in stored maize grains towards searching for alternative means of pest control. Assessments were conducted using six levels of concentrations ranging between 0.05 to 0.5 % w/w. Nontreated grains and treated grains w...

ABSTRAK Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) merupakan serangga vektor utama penyakit demam berdarah. Di Indonesia, cara yang selama ini terbukti efektif untuk mengendalikan Ae. aegypti adalah dengan menggunakan insektisida terutama piretroid, seperti permetrin. Meskipun permetrin telah digunakan sejak tahun 1980an, informasi mengenai status dan perkembangan resistensi Ae. aegypti terhadap permetrin masih terbatas dan perlu dilakukan pembaharuan data. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode uji standar WHO bertujuan untuk mengetahui status dan perubahan tingkat resistensi Ae. aegypti strain lapangan, yaitu Palu, Makassar, Bandung, Bogor, dan strain rentan (VCRU) yang diseleksi dengan permetrin selama lima generasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua strain lapangan telah resisten terhadap permetrin dengan tingkat resistensi tinggi (nilai RR 50 yang berkisar antara 10,5 dan 25,7). Strain Bandung memperlihatkan RR 50 tertinggi (25,7) dan terendah pada strain Makassa...

Penggunaan insektisida endosulfan dalam bidang pertanian berpotensi untuk mencemari sumberdaya dan lingkungan perikanan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas serta potensi bioakumulasi dan bioeliminasi insektisida endosulfan pada ikan mas. Hewan uji adalah ikan mas berukuran panjang total 3,65 ± 0,247 cm dengan bobot badan 0,81±0,098 g/ekor, bahan uji berupa formulasi insektisida dengan bahan aktif endosulfan 350 g/L. Dilakukan uji toksisitas letal (LC50) dengan metode bioassay untuk waktu pemaparan 24, 48, 72, dan 96 jam; uji bioakumulasi dengan cara memaparkan ikan mas dalam larutan endosulfan pada konsentrasi 0%,10%, 30%, dan 50% dari nilai LC50-96 jam; uji bioeliminasi untuk waktu pemaparan dalam air bersih selama 5, 10, dan 15 hari. Analisis konsentrasi endosulfan dalam air dan ikan dilakukan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan gas kromatografi (GC). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa: insektisida endosulfan bersifat sangat toksik terhadap ikan mas dengan nilai LC50-96 jam sebe...

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate chemical insecticides and bio-pesticides against flea beetle in cabbage. Study Design: The experiment was laid out at a randomized complete block design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: Experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh during the period from October 2017 to March 2018. Methodology: The experiment consisted of nine treatments viz. T1(Sevin 85 WP @ 2g/L of water), T2 (Decis 2.5 EC @ 1.0 ml/L of water), T3 (Voliam flexi @ 0.5 ml/L of water), T4 (Ripcord 10 EC @ 1.0 ml/L of water), T5 (Dursban 20EC @ 1 ml L -1 of water), T6 (Tobacco leaf extract @ 3 g L -1 of water), T7 (Neem seed kernel extract @ 3 g L -1 of water), T8 (Bioneem plus 1 EC @ 1 ml L -1 of water) and T9 (Untreated Control) were used at 7 days interval. Results: Stripped flea beetle(Phyllotreta striolata) and white-spotted flea beetle (Monolepta signata), these two species of flea beetle were found in the experimental field. Among ...

Abstract.-Bioassays were conducted to investigate the toxicity and residual activity of botanic and synthetic pesticides against adult female citrus psyllids, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and second instar larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). A dose of 1% neem seed oil ...

La raíz de chilca (Senecio salignus DC., Asteraceae) ha mostrado ser efectiva para el control del gorgojo mexicano del frijol (Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman, Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Sin embargo, falta determinar el efecto de varios factores para hacer un uso racional de este recurso natural y obtener el mejor efecto insecticida. En esta investigación se efectuaron bioensayos para conocer: a) La efectividad de raíz de S. salignus contra Z. subfasciatus a diversos tiempos de almacenamiento; b) El periodo de protección de la raíz de chilca contra esta plaga; c) El efecto del polvo de esa raíz en la oviposición de Z. subfasciatus en frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L., Fabaceae) ¿Flor de mayo¿; y d) Efecto del polvo en granos de un frijol nativo de los Altos de Chiapas, para el control de este gorgojo. En un frasco de vidrio de 250 mL se colocaron 100 g de frijol, polvo vegetal de raíz de chilca (desde 0.05 hasta 0.5 g) y 10 parejas de gorgojos. A los 4 d postinfestación se registró la mortal...