Briquette

Briquetting technology is one of the renewable sources of energy that was developed to address problems concerning global warming, energy catastrophe, as well as solid waste management. Nigeria has abundant supplies of biomass resources and unrestricted solid waste, whose potentials are yet to be fully tapped for energy generation. It is, therefore, necessary to convert these waste into a product that will provide alternative energy to the people rather than constituting environmental problems. The study was undertaken to develop of hyacinth briquette machine and examine the properties of fuel briquettes produced from a mixture of waste paper (WP) and water hyacinth plant (WHP) using corn and cassava starch as a binder. WP from the academic environment and WHP harvested from the surface of fresh waters were used. Briquette machine was designed using a screw type extruder to convert the processed WHP and WP into solid briquette for domestic consumption. Samples of WHP was harvested, ground, dried and mixed with WP. The mixture was poured into a hopper. The physical and combustion properties of the briquette were determined at varying WHP and WP-binder ratios of 100:10, 100:15, 100:25, 100:30 and 100:45, 100:55 using corn starch as the binding agent. It was discovered that the binder ratio 100:25 demonstrated the most affirmative value of biomass energy than others. It was also observed that the cooking time for the briquette produced using WHP and WP was 40min/kg with SFC of 0.4kg/kg. The designed machine has production efficiency of 84% and also produced smoke-free WH briquettes with high resistance to mechanical action, better handling and efficient fuel characteristics for household use.

This study investigated the combustion related properties of briquette for energy generation. Wood briquettes were successfully produced from air-dried sawdust of three wood species (Terminalia superba, Triplochiton scleroxylon and Afzelia africana) that were collected from Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) sawmill. The briquettes were produced at 66% weight of binder to wood. Combustion related properties of the briquettes viz: heating value, water boiling test, percentage volatile matter, percentage ash content and percentage fixed carbon were determined. The results show that briquettes made from Afezila africana boiled waterfaster than others as the result ranged from 3:59 min:sec for Afezila Africana to 5.02 min:sec for Triplochiton scleroxylon. Briquettes produced from Afezila africana has the highest calorific value of 32268.50 kcal/kg followed by Terminalia superba with 26267.16 kcal/kg while Triplochiton scleroxylon has the least calorific value. The analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference in % fixed carbon, % ash content and the heat of combustion. The use of wood residue for briquette production should be encouraged this would provide employment for the people and reduce deforestation by optimizing efficient use of exploited trees.

Energy is a key requirement for socio-economic development. However, the utilization of energy must not be at the expense of the environment and the future. One way of reducing dependence on biomassas a source of energy is to promote the use of briquettes by homes and industries. This study examined the feasibility of establishing and managing a briquette manufacturing plant at the Sokoban Wood Village, a leading wood industrial estate in Kumasi, Ghana. Using qualitative approach, a total of fifteen woodworkers and one technical officer were interviewed on the feasibility of such a project, availability of sawdust, and the ideal management structure for the project. Data were analysed by capturing the key themes and modes in responses, highlighting issues of contrasts and similarities, and supported by direct quotes. The results indicate that the setting up of plants to overturn sawdust into briquettes is highly feasible and would receive support and cooperation from saw millers and...

Bio charcoal briquettes is one of the fuel that comes from biomass. Biomass is one of the sources of renewable energy. The biomass was used in this study is the maize cob agricultural waste which is currently not widely used by farmers. This study aims to know  the characteristics of bio charcoal briquettes from maize cob with compaction pressured (22.426 kg/cm 2 and 44.80 kg/cm 2 ) and particle size variation (40, 50, and 60) mesh. Analysis  the characteristics of briquettes includes: density, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, heating value, ignition time and flame rate. The process of making briquettes was making charcoal from maize cob waste, then it was crushed manually to produced charcoal particles. The composition of briquette mixture consisting of 60% charcoal particles, 10% sago flour and hot water as much as 30% of the total weight of charcoal briquettes. The compaction tools using hydraulic jack to pressure the briquette. The proximate analysis...

In recent years, fossil fuels have been preferably used
industrial purposes. Fossil fuels are highly flammable and effective but are very
hazardous to the human environment. It is also one of the causes of the ozone layer
depletion which humanity is battling presently. Biomass fuels are ma
waste materials which have good properties that aid combustion, less hazardous and
are effective for some domestic activities and in small
presents the calorific evaluation and analysis of fossil fuel and bio
highlights the effects of fossil fuels in terms of the dangers of increasing CO
concentration in the atmosphere. It presents biomass fuel as a potential substitute for
fossil fuel as a renewable energy by comparing the calorific values
combustible samples such as: rice husk, petrol, diesel, corn cob using a C200 bomb
calorimeter at the Landmark University energy laboratory to determine the calorific
values and to examine if biomass can be used as a suitable replacement forfuels. Results show that corn cob has a higher calorific value than rice husk, but both
corn cob and rice husk have sufficient energy to be used as substitutes for petrol and
diesel and other fossil fuels to reduce the dangers of C02 concentration in the
atmosphere and societies over-reliance on fossil fuel.

The application of biomass to generate energy has been highly studied as an alternative to fossil fuels. In Brazil, there is a large production of orange juice, and their solid waste (bagasse) has as its main destination the production of food for ruminants. Therefore, there is an interest among the industries to transformed this waste into a by-product with higher benefit. In this way, this work has as main objectives, the use of a new type biomass to produce “green” charcoal and the application of three different types of binders (industrial cornstarch, pectin with high degree of esterification and pectin with low degree of esterification) using three different proportions (5, 10 and 15%) and two types of mixtures in way to verify which briquette has the lowest friability index a better compression resistance. To determine the friability index, the tumbling method was applied. The compressive strength of the briquettes was also determined. The binder that brought better characteri...

Since the kerosene is no longer produced in Indonesia and the price of LPG is quite expensive, people in some villages of Majalengka Regency are using wood as fuel, both for household and business activities. Whereas, as an agricultural area, there are abundant of agricultural wastes in this area which are not yet utilized. Some studies showed that the agricultural wastes can serve as an alternative renewable raw material for the production of energy, either used directly as solid fuel for cooking, or converted into charcoal briquettes. Therefore, it is necessary to consider establishing small scale biomass briquette industry in this regency, so that the abundant waste can be utilized and the energy needs of the community can be fulfilled without damaging the environment. The issue is whether the establishment of this briquette industry will be profitable for the local community? This problem is discussed in this research using several financial indicators.

This paper is focused on the design of a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier (BFBG) for EFB briquette gasification. The annual production of palm oil in Malaysia generates large quantities of lignocellulosic biomass which can be converted into clean, sustainable energy for the future. Hence, the prospect of valorising palm waste using biomass gasifiers presents a viable option for energy production. The fluidized bed gasifier (FBG) is considered the most suitable reactor for biomass gasification due excellent mixing, efficient heat temperature control and tolerance for fuels. Consequently, the proposed design of the bubbling fluidized bed gasifier for EFB briquette gasification will consist of three main parts; feeding zone, gasification zone and the effluent gas zone for syngas production. The results of feedstock physicochemical properties such as bulk density, particle size, the bed hydrodynamic and fluidization parameters for gasification used in the design of the gasifier are prese...

Recently, the use of coal briquette has already been socialized to substitute the role of oil and firewood in the household and small industries. In general the use of coal briquette burning stoves for household and small industries purposes is often conducted indoors, with inadequate ventilation. Yet knowledge of emissions from coal briquette burning stoves and how to evaluate emission and expo- sure levels are very limited and need to be developed. Study of indoor air pollution was undertaken to evaluate SO 2 , CO and NO x concentrations and its exposure potentials coming from the utilization of coal briquette for household and small industries purposes. Its results were compared to the charcoal burning process. To estimate the indoor concentration and exposure potential, the single-compart- ment mass balance model was used. Results show that the total amounts of hourly emitted SO2, CO and NOx for 1 kg coal briquette burning vary from 5.32-14.71 mg kg -1 ; 2.76-12.54 mg kg -1 and ...

Carbonization technique (muffle furnace at 450 °C) was applied on the orange bagasse (solid wastes) to produce charcoal briquettes, using corn starch as binder and a 1.0 ton-force manual hydraulic press. The tests applied on the orange charcoal powder and on the orange charcoal powder with corn starch (5, 10 and 15 % w/w) were the proximate analysis, the elemental analysis and the determination of the higher heating value HHV). On the other hand, some tests were carried out on the orange charcoal briquettes, which were the determination of density and the mechanical strength (compressive strength and friability). The results showed that the obtained orange charcoal (OC) has a significant high heating value of 29,000 J/g, and can be used in different processes. When mixed with the binder, its HHV has a small decrease, 27,611 J/g to OC with 5 % of corn starch, 26,857 J/g to OC with 10 % of corn starch and 26,476 J/g to OC with 15 % of corn starch, but still they are considered high va...

Today, renewable energy source of power generation has become very promising. As we know that conventional or non-renewable source of energies are very limited and are depleting very rapidly. Increasing energy needs of the world and continually growing population there is a power demand gap and it needs alternate sources of energy. So, there is a view to generate more and more power from renewable sources of energy. There are various forms of renewable energy sources. Biomass is one of the important sources of renewable energy. India has huge volume of potential for renewable energy sources. In India about 500 million metric tons of biomass energy is produced every year. According to International Energy Agency (IEA), Renewable energy could meet almost half of the global energy demand by 2050. Main aim of this paper is to show the potential of renewable energy in world, in India and in the state of Madhya Pradesh, it's percentage growth in present as compare to previous years as...

In this study, the effects of particle size, moisture, briquetting pressure, and preheating temperature were investigated on briquetting without binder of Sırnak Asphaltite, having a particle size of—20 mm, 46.22% ash, 5.83% total sulphur content, and 4900 kcal/kg calorific value. At the end of the briquetting experiments; mechanical strength values of briquettes produced in optimum conditions (particle size, − 1 mm; moisture, 3.6%; pressing

This paper describes the results of research aimed at studying the possible usage of bottom ash (BA) and granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) in production of plain concrete elements. Sufficient number of briquettes, paving blocks and kerbs specimens containing GBFS and BA as fine aggregate replacement were produced in laboratory. Then, some of tests were conducted for investigating durability and mechanical

... water-resistant briquettes from Turkish lignites using sulphite liquor binders M.Sa^lam, M.Ysel,J.Yanik*, M.Tutac*, M. Karaduman*and G ... 16'18'19, and nor do lignites in the Romania-Turkey-India-Indonesia geographical zone, although Middle European lignites can ...