Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and... more
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and effect of discharging produced water on the environment has lately become a significant issue of environmental concern. Produced water is conventionally treated through different physical, chemical, and biological methods. In offshore platforms because of space constraints, compact physical and chemical systems are used. However, current technologies cannot remove small-suspended oil particles and dissolved elements. Besides, many chemical treatments, whose initial and/or running cost are high and produce hazardous sludge. In onshore facilities, biological pretreatment of oily wastewater can be a cost-effective and environmental friendly method. As high salt concentration and variations of influent characteristics have direct influence on the turbidity of the effluent, it is appropriate to incorporate a physical treatment, e.g., membrane to refine the final effluent. For these reasons, major research efforts in the future could focus on the optimization of current technologies and use of combined physico-chemical and/or biological treatment of produced water in order to comply with reuse and discharge limits.
The Next Generation of mobile network 5G, which will be based on a high-speed wireless broadband connection, could bring important changes to the way individuals and businesses employ telecommunications services and solve the issues... more
The Next Generation of mobile network 5G, which will be based on a high-speed wireless broadband connection, could bring important changes to the way individuals and businesses employ telecommunications services and solve the issues related to the explosive growth in demand for mobile traffic, and the profitability decreasing of the mobile Broadband market. Therefore, the OMNs (Operator Mobile Networks) should plan for deploying 5G mobile network beyond 2020, which is the expected year for launching 5G. A business analysis study and mathematic modelling approach was considered. Also, a new pricing model is proposed to be consistent with the growth of mobile broadband. The results show that 5G is very beneficial, not only because of its lower cost compared with 4G LTE, but also due to the increment of average data consumptions offered by 5G mobile technologies and the increasing growth of number of users. We also found that good analysis of Price Elasticity of Volume (PED) gives an important margin of benefit. We confirm that the reuse of existing sites have a large impact on reducing costs when a denser macro network deployed. However, we encountered a lack of the limited capacity related to the macro sites and coverage limited with small cell solutions like femtocells, picocells deployed with 5G millimeter Wave system and Wi-Fi.
An innovative strategic mine planning approach was applied to a multi-mine and multi-process gold mining complex that simultaneously considers feasible capital investment alternatives and capacity management decisions. The simultaneous... more
An innovative strategic mine planning approach was applied to a multi-mine and multi-process gold mining complex that simultaneously considers feasible capital investment alternatives and capacity management decisions. The simultaneous stochastic optimization framework determines the extraction sequence, stockpiling, processing stream, blending, waste management, and capital investment decisions in a single mathematical model. A production schedule branches and adapts to uncertainty based on the likelihood of purchasing a number of feasible investment alternatives that may improve mill throughput or blending, or increase the tailings capacity. Additionally, the mining rate is determined simultaneously by selecting the number of trucks and shovels required to maximize the value of the operation. The mining complex contains several sources-two open-pit gold mines and externally sourced ore-stockpiles, waste dumps, tailings, and three different processing streams. The simultaneous optimization framework integrates the blending of sulphates, carbonates, and organic carbon at the autoclave for refractory ore while managing acid consumption. The production schedule generated branches over an investment in the autoclave expansion; the first branch undertakes a capacity expansion at the autoclave resulting in a 6.4% increase in NPV, whereas the second branch results in a 27.5% increase in NPV without the investment. The adaptive approach is compared to a base case production schedule generated using a non-branching two-stage stochastic integer program.
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and... more
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and effect of discharging produced water on the environment has lately become a significant issue of environmental concern. Produced water is conventionally treated through different physical, chemical, and biological methods. In offshore platforms because of space constraints, compact physical and chemical systems are used. However, current technologies cannot remove small-suspended oil particles and dissolved elements. Besides, many chemical treatments, whose initial and/or running cost are high and produce hazardous sludge. In onshore facilities, biological pretreatment of oily wastewater can be a cost-effective and environmental friendly method. As high salt concentration and variations of influent characteristics have direct influence on the turbid...
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and... more
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and effect of discharging produced water on the environment has lately become a significant issue of environmental concern. Produced water is conventionally treated through different physical, chemical, and biological methods. In offshore platforms because of space constraints, compact physical and chemical systems are used. However, current technologies cannot remove small-suspended oil particles and dissolved elements. Besides, many chemical treatments, whose initial and/or running cost are high and produce hazardous sludge. In onshore facilities, biological pretreatment of oily wastewater can be a cost-effective and environmental friendly method. As high salt concentration and variations of influent characteristics have direct influence on the turbid...
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and... more
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and effect of discharging produced water on the environment has lately become a significant issue of environmental concern. Produced water is conventionally treated through different physical, chemical, and biological methods. In offshore platforms because of space constraints, compact physical and chemical systems are used. However, current technologies cannot remove small-suspended oil particles and dissolved elements. Besides, many chemical treatments, whose initial and/or running cost are high and produce hazardous sludge. In onshore facilities, biological pretreatment of oily wastewater can be a cost-effective and environmental friendly method. As high salt concentration and variations of influent characteristics have direct influence on the turbid...
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and... more
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and effect of discharging produced water on the environment has lately become a significant issue of environmental concern. Produced water is conventionally treated through different physical, chemical, and biological methods. In offshore platforms because of space constraints, compact physical and chemical systems are used. However, current technologies cannot remove small-suspended oil particles and dissolved elements. Besides, many chemical treatments, whose initial and/or running cost are high and produce hazardous sludge. In onshore facilities, biological pretreatment of oily wastewater can be a cost-effective and environmental friendly method. As high salt concentration and variations of influent characteristics have direct influence on the turbid...
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and... more
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and effect of discharging produced water on the environment has lately become a significant issue of environmental concern. Produced water is conventionally treated through different physical, chemical, and biological methods. In offshore platforms because of space constraints, compact physical and chemical systems are used. However, current technologies cannot remove small-suspended oil particles and dissolved elements. Besides, many chemical treatments, whose initial and/or running cost are high and produce hazardous sludge. In onshore facilities, biological pretreatment of oily wastewater can be a cost-effective and environmental friendly method. As high salt concentration and variations of influent characteristics have direct influence on the turbid...
The conversion of CO2 with H2 to methanol (MeOH) over a commercial Cu/ZnO catalyst (Süd-Chemie, Germany) was studied under process conditions. The obtained results showed a good stability of the catalytic system and a large potential for... more
The conversion of CO2 with H2 to methanol (MeOH) over a commercial Cu/ZnO catalyst (Süd-Chemie, Germany) was studied under process conditions. The obtained results showed a good stability of the catalytic system and a large potential for a CO2 emission reduction with simultaneous production of MeOH or dimethyl ether (DME) as bulk chemicals or alternative fuels. If H2 is obtained
Antennas play a very pivotal role in the development and advancement of digital oil fields. They provide the last mile communication link to the field locations and thus must be properly sized to ensure the link availability and... more
Antennas play a very pivotal role in the development and advancement of digital oil fields. They provide the last mile communication link to the field locations and thus must be properly sized to ensure the link availability and reliability. There are different types of antennas currently being deployed with each having different impacts on the communication link performance. This paper discusses typical antenna configurations for implementing last mile communications to the field in digital oilfield applications. It analyzes the characteristic of each configuration, the impact these different configurations have on data security, deployment speed and communication range and presents an optimal configuration that improves data security, deployment speed and communication range.
Recent trends in transmission technologies focus on bit rates higher than the state-of-the-art DP-QPSK (Dual Polarization - Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) 100 Gbit/s transmission. High spectral efficiency formats and multi-carrier... more
Recent trends in transmission technologies focus on bit rates higher than the state-of-the-art DP-QPSK (Dual Polarization - Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) 100 Gbit/s transmission. High spectral efficiency formats and multi-carrier channels are currently under study. In particular coherent 400 Gbit/s and 1Tbit/s channels are becoming technologically feasible. However, economic viability is a key point in determining how networks will evolve, and which formats are more suitable for a given network scenario. Considering Telecom Italia core network as a case study, different technological scenarios characterized by transponders that use different modulation formats and number of carriers for each channel are analyzed and economically evaluated. It results that optimizing the network design by using highest bit rate transponders only on paths that do not require regeneration, economic viability can be achieved, without any cost per bit reduction on transponders. Only in case of cost adva...
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and... more
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and effect of discharging produced water on the environment has lately become a significant issue of environmental concern. Produced water is conventionally treated through different physical, chemical, and biological methods. In offshore platforms because of space constraints, compact physical and chemical systems are used. However, current technologies cannot remove small-suspended oil particles and dissolved elements. Besides, many chemical treatments, whose initial and/or running cost are high and produce hazardous sludge. In onshore facilities, biological pretreatment of oily wastewater can be a cost-effective and environmental friendly method. As high salt concentration and variations of influent characteristics have direct influence on the turbid...
