Broadband Networks

Passive optical network (PON) is one of the most successful broadband access architectures being deployed worldwide. PONs provide high capacity, increased reach, and low-power consumption at a very reasonable cost, on par with the cost of DSL deployments today. This paper provides an overview of present and emerging PON technologies, and discusses PON's important role in the evolution of optical access from the architectural perspective. While describing the evolution of optical access architecture, we present two important integration options: optical+wireless access integration and metro+access integration. Potential PON capacity upgrades are discussed with special emphasis on achieving a seamless upgrade. We evaluate different PON evolution strategies in the context of next-generation PON, where gradual, demand-based migration demonstrates a number of significant benefits.

The proliferation of wireless broadband usage over the last decade has led to the development and deployment of multiple broadband wireless radio access technologies (RATs) such as EVDO, WiMAX, HSPA and LTE. To support the ever-increasing wireless traffic demand, researchers have worked on the concept of an integrated heterogeneous wireless environment that encompasses several of these RATs which makes the resource allocation process more efficient by assigning each user in the system to the best RAT/RATs. In this paper, for such an integrated heterogeneous wireless system, we show the possible gains in spectral efficiency at the cost of increased energy consumption for an unbalanced heterogeneous wireless network deployment scenario. In prior work, based on the assumption that all cellular operators under study were equally well-provisioned, we showed an increase in spectral efficiency of up to 75%. In the research presented in this paper, we assume the coverage of each operator might differ significantly in a given area. With this `unbalanced' scenario, we show that an ideal, centralized allocation strategy provides an almost linear tradeoff between gain in spectral efficiency (554%) and worst-case increase in energy consumption (615%) for users supporting elastic traffic.

The peer-to-peer technology offers many advantages, but at the same time, it poses many novel challenges for the research community. Modern peer-to-peer systems are characterized by large scale, poor reliability, and extreme dynamism of the participating nodes, with a continuous flow of nodes joining and leaving the systems. Selection of an optimal network requires estimation of its rank using attributes such as storage, average load, cost, reliability etc. There are multiple networks, each vying for users business by providing them novel services. The user in turn has to decide which network best meets its service requirements and accordingly join a network.

UWB systems based on impulse radio have the potential to provide very high data rates over short distances. In this paper, a new pulse shape is presented that satisfies the FCC spectral mask. Using this pulse, the link budget is calculated to quantify the relationship between data rate and distance. It is shown that UWB can be a good candidate for high rate transmission over short ranges, with the capability for reliably transmitting 100 Mbps over distances at about 10 meters.

The rapid proliferation of the Internet over recent years has roused the research community's interest in QoS guarantees to IP traffic. The integration of new satellite technologies with terrestrial broadband networks can provide worldwid reachability to a wide range of IP-based multimedia applications and services. Thus, a great deal of research is being conducted to extend IP technology with QoS guarantees to satellite links. The purpose of this article is to contribute to this issue. In fact, the main focus is on the satellite access network of an integrated terrestrial-satellite multimedia platform. In this scenario, effective solutions to transport real-time IP traffic with quality of service (QoS) guarantees are proposed, and their effectiveness is assessed. Real-time IP services with different traffic descriptors and delay requirements are considered, and therefore the best transport solution (in terms of guaranteed quality and efficiency in satellite resource utilization) over permanent or semi-permanent satellite connections is identified.

In this paper we formulate the problem of finding the optimal precoding/multiplexing strategy in an infrastructureless multiuser scenario as a noncooperative game. We first consider the theoretical problem of maximizing mutual information on each link, given constraints on the spectral mask and transmit power. Then, to accommodate practical implementation aspects, we focus on the competitive maximization of the transmission rate on each link, using finite order constellations, under the same constraints as above plus a constraint on the average error probability. We prove that in both cases a NE always exists and the optimal precoding/multiplexing strategy leads to a (pure strategy) diagonal transmission for all the users. Thanks to this result, we can reduce both original complicated matrix-valued games to a simpler unified vector power control game. Thus, we derive sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of the NE of such a game, that are proved to have a broader validity than conditions known in the literature for special cases of our game. Finally, we show that the Nash equilibria of the vector game can be reached using the so-called asynchronous iterative waterfilling algorithm.

A statistical discrete-time model is proposed for simulating wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels which are triply selective due to angle spread, Doppler spread, and delay spread. The new discrete-time MIMO channel model includes the combined effects of the transmit filter, physical MIMO multipath channel fading, and receive filter, and it has the same sampling period as that of the MIMO receiver. This leads to very efficient simulation of physical continuous-time MIMO channels. A new method is also presented to efficiently generate the MIMO channel stochastic coefficients. The statistical accuracy of the discrete-time MIMO channel model is rigorously verified through theoretical analysis and extensive simulations in different conditions. The high computational efficiency of the discrete-time MIMO channel model is illustrated by comparing it to that of the continuous-time MIMO channel model. The new model is further employed to evaluate the channel capacity of MIMO systems in a triply selective Rayleigh fading environment. The simulation results reveal some interesting effects of spatial correlations, multipaths, and number of antennas on the MIMO channel capacity. Index Terms-Discrete-time channel model, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel, multiple-input multiple-output multipath channel capacity, Rayleigh fading, triply selective fading, wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) multipath channel. I. INTRODUCTION T HE multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication architecture has recently emerged as a new paradigm for high data rate wireless cellular communications in rich multipath environments. Using multiple-element antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver, which effectively exploits the spatial dimension in addition to time and frequency dimensions, this architecture shows channel capacity potential far beyond that of traditional techniques. In quasi-static, independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) frequency flat Rayleigh fading channels, the MIMO capacity scales linearly with the number of antennas under some conditions [1], [2]. However, in practice,

In this paper, we focus on broadband wireless mesh networks like 3GPP LTE-Advanced. This technology is a key enabler for next generation cellular networks which are about to increase by an order of magnitude the capacity provided to users. Such an objective needs a significative densification of cells which requires an efficient backhauling infrastructure. In many urban areas as well as under-developed countries, wireless mesh networking is the only available solution. Besides, economical and environmental concerns require that the energy expenditure of such infrastructure is optimized.

The IP Multimedia System (IMS) is a promising solution for converging new technologies with existing networks. The interworking environment and service flexibility that IMS offers to the currently deployed wireless broadband technologies, makes it appealing to users, service developers and network operators. In our previous work a heterogeneous network model based on IMS that integrates the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technologies and provides guaranteed QoS was proposed. In this paper an analytical model is derived in order to evaluate the signalling cost of mobility management during a vertical handoff.

The Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture Consortium (TINA-C) is a worldwide consortium formed by network operators, and telecommunication and computer equipment suppliers. The consortium is aiming at defining and validating an "open" architecture for telecommunications services in the emerging broadband, multi-media and "information super-highway"/"information society" era. The architecture is based on distributed computing, object orientation, and other concepts and standards from the telecommunications and computing industries, e.g., Open Distributed Processing (ODP), Intelligent Networks (IN), Telecommunication Management Networks (TMN), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). The intention of this paper is to give an introduction to, and an overview of the TINA architecture. First, it presents an overall view of the TINA architecture, followed by a brief introduction to the main parts of the architecture, namely the computing, network, service, and management architectures of TINA. This is followed by a brief overview of interworking and migration scenarios for legacy systems. Finally, an overview of a tool-set to aid service specification and design is presented.

IT TECHNOLOGIES ARE INCREASINGLY BEING USED TO OFFER COMPUTING RESOURCES OR INFORMATION IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS USING NETWORK RESOURCES. IN THIS PAPER WE ADDRESS THE PROBLEM OF ALLOCATING RESOURCES TO ENABLE CUSTOMERS COMPOSE THEIR OWN DESIRED SERVICES. WE PROPOSE AN AUCTION MECHANISM THAT COMPRISES INDEPENDENT AUCTIONS PERFORMED BY EACH PROVIDER AND INVESTIGATE BIDDING STRATEGIES AND SOCIAL WELFARE.

For the first time a full/streamlined life cycle assessment (LCA) case study was performed to estimate the carbon footprint of three types of FTTx networks deployed in Italy. The functional unit is “broadband network in an Italian urban dense area for use by 10,000 homes during one year” The worst case results show that FTTB, FTTCab, and FTTH all emit

The strict relation between broadband development and economic growth and its central importance in modern economies is nowadays a demonstrated fact. Cheap and ubiquitous high-speed internet access promises to accelerate economic growth, to create new jobs and industries, to advance education and lifelong learning, to improve health care decision making, and to raise living standards; conversely, foregone broadband access imposes high economic and social costs.
In the global competition context, the U.S. and Europe have used different methods to reach the level of broadband efficiency and diffusion already existing in the Asian countries. In fact, while on one hand the US followed a deregulatory approach directed to improve infrastructure-based competition, this even with the support of private investments, on the other hand, the European Sate aid regulation tried to channel public resources with the aim to ensure service-based competition and – consequently – to improve consumers’ welfare.
In this picture, the article will analyse the European State aid policy in the broadband field – specified in the Guidelines published in 2014 – and the U.S. recent policy trends for the diffusion and implementation of broadband. As result of the compared analysis, a slow convergence of the two policies will appear, even confirmed by the Federal Communication Commission approach, now recognizing the importance of effective broadband affordability and showing, at the same time, the intention to improve service-based competition through supporting programs and a new central role for local municipalities. Given the above, according to the author’s view, the European experience in State aid policy would now provide useful e analytical tools to the American policymakers, actually engaged with the attempt to lower prices and to improve service-based competition in the American broadband market.

Recent remarkable advances in nanoscale siliconphotonic integrated circuitry specifically compatible with CMOS fabrication have generated new opportunities for leveraging the unique capabilities of optical technologies in the on-chip communications infrastructure. Based on these nano-photonic building blocks, we consider a photonic network-on-chip architecture designed to exploit the enormous transmission bandwidths, low latencies, and low power dissipation enabled by data exchange in the optical domain. The novel architectural approach employs a broadband photonic circuit-switched network driven in a distributed fashion by an electronic overlay control network which is also used for independent exchange of short messages. We address the critical network design issues for insertion in chip multiprocessors (CMP) applications, including topology, routing algorithms, path-setup and teardown procedures, and deadlock avoidance. Simulations show that this class of photonic networks-on-chip offers a significant leap in the performance for CMP intrachip communication systems delivering low-latencies and ultra-high throughputs per core while consuming minimal power.

This tutorial presents on IPTV technology. Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is a system through which television services are delivered using the architecture and networking methods of the Internet Protocol suite over a packet-switched network infrastructure. IPTV services may be classified into three main groups: live television, time-shifted programming, and video on demand.

The wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) is considered to be the next evolutionary solution for a simplified and future-proofed access system that can accommodate exponential traffic growth and bandwidth-hungry new applications.

Smart antennas enable space division multiple access, that is they manage access to a network by accounting for where users are spatially and using antenna technology to better isolate signals from noise and interference. For mobile systems, the benefits are increased capacity from existing cell sites, maximum return on infrastructure investment, and improved network efficiency and performance. In mobile systems, all the benefits for base-to-mobile and mobile-to-base paths occur as a result of smart antennas being installed at the base site. For fixed wireless systems, smart antennas are practical for both the base station and the remote station (RS). This paper discusses the increase in throughput that is realized by using smart antenna technology in a fixed wireless system. The management of packet transmission and reception, a key component of maximizing capacity, is described. Also included is a discussion of the user benefits and capacity impact of smart antennas at a remote station.

El fenómeno de asimilación e interacción entre televisión e internet está creciendo de forma significativa en los últimos años. Eso se está traduciendo en un impulso en la penetración de la televisión conectada e híbrida, hasta el punto de la irrupción en escena del estándar HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast and Broadband TV). En este artículo analizamos las claves de este estándar y realizamos un estudio cuantitativo sobre sus implicaciones en la audiencia, en términos de calidad de contenidos, sinergias internet-televisión-redes sociales, inclusión de publicidad interactiva y otros parámetros del nuevo escenario.

International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Wireless & Mobile Networks. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Wireless & Mobile Networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced wireless & mobile networking concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Setelah mengikuti modul ini, peserta dapat :

Menjelaskan dasar komunikasi antar perangkat berdasarkan protocol TCP/IP
Memahami beberapa protocol dalam TCP/IP yang digunakan dalam IndiHome.
Menjelaskan proses ‘pembangunan hubungan’ setiap layanan pada Indihome (Internet Broadband, IPTV dan Voice),
pokok bahasan
Pengantar TCP/IP dan Protokol
IP Addressing
Network Element
Pembangunan hubungan layanan IndiHome
Pengenalan perangkat ONT

The relatively less exploited terahertz band possesses great potential for a variety of important applications, including communication applications that would benefit from the enormous bandwidth within the terahertz spectrum. This paper overviews an approach toward terahertz applications based on SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology, focusing on broad-band communication applications. The design, characteristics, and reliability of SiGe HBTs exhibiting record of 375 GHz and associated max of 210 GHz are presented. The impact of device optimization on noise characteristics is described for both low-frequency and broad-band noise. Circuit implementations of SiGe technologies are demonstrated with selected circuit blocks for broad-band communication systems, including a 3.9-ps emitter coupled logic ring oscillator, a 100-GHz frequency divider, 40-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator, and a 70-Gb/s 4:1 multiplexer. With no visible limitation for further enhancement of device speed at hand, the march toward terahertz band with Si-based technology will continue for the foreseeable future. Index Terms-BiCMOS integrated circuits, communication systems, heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), high-speed integrated circuits. N66001-02-C-8014. J.-S. Rieh was with the IBM Semiconductor Research and Development Center, Hopewell Junction, NY 12533 USA. He is now with the

This paper describes the architecture and protocol for broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) based on the CCITT standards. The discussion attempts to address the general concept of B-ISDN architecture and protocol and, whenever possible, present alternatives and the rationale for decisions in the selection of the protocol. We present B-ISDN as a network evolution and describe the impact of the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) on the network. We then describe the role of "virtual channel" and "virtual path" in B-ISDN. This is followed by a discussion of the B-ISDN protocol structure and lower layer functions comprising the physical, ATM, and adaptation layers. Finally, we present the tentative trends of signaling and traffic control for B-ISDN.

Many advanced data services are driving up wireless technology, which is further boosted by growth in advanced market segments. The wireless industry is evolving from a Web of independent networks into a single integrated network with multiple standards; the expectation is that WI-FI, WI-MAX and 3G will coexist to enable a host of exerting new applications and business models. This paper focuses on concepts of WI-MAX technology, which employs microwave for the transfer of data wirelessly, and it also presents its comparison with WI-FI, and 3G technologies. WI-MAX is delivering broadband wireless access to the masses and represents alternative to digital subscriber lines (DSL) and cable broadband access. WI-MAX is based on IEEE 802.16 standard and is scalable. It stands for wireless (WI) microwave access (MAX). WI-MAX will provide anywhere, anytime connectivity. Features of WI-MAX are OFDM i.e. orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, sub channelization, directional antennas and adaptive modulation, which make WI-MAX as the technology of today. The Benefit of WI-MAX technology is that the signals can be run very close to each other on wireless channels. Super narrow lanes can put a lot of traffic over them without disturbance. Many technologies currently available can only provide line of sight (LOS) coverage; the technology behind WI-MAX has been optimized to provide excelled non-line of sight (NLOS) coverage.

Advertising is currently the main source of income for digital media. The crusade by big media organizations to establish pay walls, in various forms, is not inconsistent with the fact that digital advertising is the main source of income for media outlets in the virtual environment. For media organizations it is useful to know the typology of digital advertising. This improves business strategies, including those that combine digital and paper versions. The Research Group on Digital Journalism and Broadband has conducted an empirical study of the Spanish digital journals, based on the digital versions of the mass-readership newspapers, El Mundo and El País. We found a high
number of advertisements, the predominant forms being banners and box ads.

In recent years considerable attention has been devoted to the merging of radio frequency and optical fiber technologies aiming to the distribution of millimeter-wave (mmwave) signals. This effort has given birth to the field of Radio over Fiber (RoF) technologies and systems. This sort of systems have a great potential to support secure, cost-effective, and high-capacity vehicular/mobile/wireless access for the future provisioning of broadband, interactive, and multimedia wireless services.

The term telecommunication access network refers to the technical infrastructure which provides connectivity between an end user or device and the services provided via a core network or service platforms. Access networks are typically split into two categories; fixed and mobile. This paper explores the range of access networks available in the UK, inclduing xDSL, FTTP, DOCSIS, TETRA, GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G. This paper appeared in Volume 15 Part 1 of the ITP Journal.

The assimilation and interaction between television and the Internet has grown significantly in recent years, boosting the penetration of the connected and hybrid television, until the HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV) standard appeared. In this article we analyze the keys to this standard and make a quantitative study on its implications for the audience in terms of quality of contents, synergies between the Internet, television and social networks, inclusion of interactive advertising and other parameters of the new scenario.

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest area in the world, which consists of thousands of islands from Sabang to Meraoke which should be able to be connected one to another, especially in terms of communication and information technology. At present, where communication and information technology is actually already the main thing that is very necessary in various aspects of life and to support human needs themselves. Therefore it is very important nowadays to have a strong communication and information technology infrastructure that has a broad scope so that it can accommodate all needs, anytime and anywhere.

Keywords: Palapa, Ring, Bakti, Kemkominfo

Penelitian yang dibuat ialah studi kasus disuatu perusahaan dan analisis performansi antar jaringan cabang (sites) pada perusahaan tersebut. Hasil dari nilai performansi jaringan akan dibandingkan sebelum dan sesudah pemasangan perangkat baru dan dianalisis apakah performansi jaringan tersebut sudah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan, dengan parameter seperti delay ≤ 350 ms, packet loss ≤ 15%, dan parameter lainnya seperti jitter, latency dan lain-lain. Jika jaringan stabil, maka nilai indeks performansi dapat diatas 70%. Sehingga performansi jaringan dapat dikatakan optimal.

This paper discusses some design issues of highly efficient and monolithic wideband RF polar transmitters, especially the ones that use the Envelope-Tracking (ET) technique. We will: (1) review the state-of-the-art polar transmitters in the literature; (2) discuss the system-on-a-chip (SoC) design considerations of the monolithic polar transmitter using ET; and (3) discuss the design of envelope amplifiers capable of achieving the high efficiency, current, bandwidth, accuracy and noise specifications required for wideband signals.

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have become an important networking infrastructure for providing costefficient broadband wireless connectivity. WMNs are showing their applicability in deployment of medical, transport and surveillance applications in urban areas, metropolitan, neighboring communities and municipal area networks. In this paper, we deal with connectivity and coverage problem of WMN. Because these problems are known to be NP-Hard, we propose and implement a system based on Genetic Algorithms (GAs). We evaluate the performance of the proposed system by different scenarios using different metrics such as client distribution, crossover rate, mutation rate, coverage area and giant component. The simulation results show that for 32 x 32 and 64 x 64 grid area, Linear Ranking is good selection operator and offers the best network connectivity and user coverage.

Now that at least one of the proposed satellite systems for mobile personal communication has almost become a reality (e.g. Iridium has launched almost half of its planned satellites and others are to follow), the high potential of these systems for the developing world is stressed in many places. This paper gives an overview of developments in broadband satellite proposals. It also elaborates on some technical issues and regulatory problems involved with the introduction of these systems in the practical reality of the developing world