Capture

1.Sea turtles may migrate vast distances from their feeding areas to home rookeries where they nest. During these migrations sea turtles are subject to many threats, among which are interactions with pelagic longlines.2.This gear is used frequently in the summer period in the Gulf of Gabes targeting mainly the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus). Hooks are baited with mackerel (Scomber scombrus) or pieces of stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca).3.Twenty-one fishing trips (48 sets with a total of 35 950 hooks deployed) were conducted using onboard observers in the south of the Gulf of Gabes during the months of July, August and September in 2007 and 2008. Stingray and mackerel bait were used in 19 and 29 sets, respectively.4.In total, 29 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) were captured; the majority of them were juvenile and active. Turtles were caught at a statistically greater frequency on sets with hooks baited with mackerel than on sets with hooks baited with pieces of stingray.5.The type of bait also affected the catch of the target species by increasing the efficiency when pieces of stingrays were used.6.These results encourage further research into new baits to mitigate turtle catch by longline fisheries without affecting the catch of target species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Sea turtles may migrate vast distances from their feeding areas to home rookeries where they nest. During these migrations sea turtles are subject to many threats, among which are interactions with pelagic longlines.This gear is used frequently in the summer period in the Gulf of Gabes targeting mainly the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus). Hooks are baited with mackerel (Scomber scombrus) or pieces of stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca).Twenty-one fishing trips (48 sets with a total of 35 950 hooks deployed) were conducted using onboard observers in the south of the Gulf of Gabes during the months of July, August and September in 2007 and 2008. Stingray and mackerel bait were used in 19 and 29 sets, respectively.In total, 29 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) were captured; the majority of them were juvenile and active. Turtles were caught at a statistically greater frequency on sets with hooks baited with mackerel than on sets with hooks baited with pieces of stingray.The type of bait also affected the catch of the target species by increasing the efficiency when pieces of stingrays were used.These results encourage further research into new baits to mitigate turtle catch by longline fisheries without affecting the catch of target species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The mechanical basis of prey capture and behaviour of Phyllorhiza punctata von Lendenfeld, 1884, as with most members of the Order Rhizostomeae, has not been described. Free-swimming medusae were videotaped in order to quantitatively describe the feeding process of P. punctata. Kinematic data demonstrated that adult medusae were surrounded by relatively high Re (102–103) flows while swimming. Therefore, momentum dominated these flows and the motions of particles entrained in the fluid surrounding swimming P. punctata. Artemia salina nauplii entrained within these flows contacted two principle capture surfaces: the oral arm cylinder and the underside of the subumbrellar surface. Prey were ingested by small polyp-like mouthlets located on these surfaces. Ingestion followed capture at these sites. P. punctata's body morphology is highly modified to channel flows into these capture surfaces and feeding is dependent upon this pattern. Swimming activity, and hence the creation of flows used for prey capture, is continuous, as is feeding, and plays a central role in this medusa's foraging behaviour.

Sonar target strength measurements of several types of nets and associated gear were made using simulated dolphin echolocation signals. The different types of nets included (a) standard commercial monofilament gillnet used in the salmon mothership fishery, (b) prototype hollow core monofilament net, (c) Macah tribal cord setnet, and (d) multifilament nets. Target strength measurements were made at four angles of incidence, 0° (normal to net), 15°, 30°, and 45°. The standard gillnet had the smallest target strength which was relatively independent of the angle of incidence. The target strength based on the peak-to-peak values of the echoes varied from –59 to – 62 dB. Using echo energy within the integration time of Tursiops truncatus, the target strength was found to be between – 54 and –59 dB. Biosonar detection ranges for different sea state conditions were estimated using the noise-limited form of the sonar equation and target detection data obtained for Tursiops truncatus in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. The results suggest that an echolocating dolphin should be able to detect a gillnet at ranges long enough to avoid entanglement, even in sea state 6 conditions. Several possibilities for the seeming inability of dolphins to detect gillnets are discussed.

Analizar los riesgos a la seguridad nacional que plantean el uso de las redes sociales en la juventud y como se analizan estos riesgos, planteando una clasificación de amenazas ante la inacción educativa o social. Y ver los procesos de radicalización y manipulación ideológica por medio de las redes sociales. Determinar las estrategias para este fenómeno nuevo que amenaza la seguridad nacional. Abstract: To analyze the risks to the homeland security that they raise the use of the social networks in the youth and since these risks are analyzed, raising a classification of threats before the educational or social inaction. And the other hand analyze the processes of radicalization and ideological manipulation by means of the social networks. To determine the strategies for this new phenomenon that threatens the homeland security.

In this thesis, consisting of two main parts, we study observational signatures of cosmic (super)strings in the context of D-brane inflation and properties of scalar perturbations on generic homogeneous inflating backgrounds. In the first part we study the production, nature and decay processes of cosmic superstrings in two widely used effective models of D-brane inflation, namely the $D3/D7$ and $D3/\bar{D}3$ models. Specifically, we show that the strings produced in $D3/D7$ are of local axionic type and we place constraints on the tension while arguing that the supersymmetry breaking mechanism of the model needs to be altered according to supergravity constraints on constant Fayet-Iliopoulos terms. Moreover, we study radiative processes of cosmic superstrings on warped backgrounds. We argue that placing the string formation in a natural context such as $D3/\bar{D}3$ inflation, restricts the forms of possible radiation from these objects. Motivated by these string models, which inevitably result in the presence of heavy moduli fields during inflation, in the second part, using the Effective Field Theory (EFT) of inflation, we construct operators that capture the effects of massive scalars on the low energy dynamics of inflaton perturbations. We compute the energy scales that define the validity window of the EFT such as the scale where ultra violet (UV) degrees of freedom become operational and the scale where the EFT becomes strongly coupled. We show that the low energy operators related to heavy fields induce a dispersion relation for the light modes admitting two regimes: a linear and a non linear/dispersive one. Assuming that these modes cross the Hubble scale within the dispersive regime, we compute observables related to two- and three-point correlators and show how they are directly connected with the scale of UV physics.

The capture of CO2 from gas streams has been achieved by the utilization of amine-enriched fly ash carbon sorbent system. The initial fly ash carbon sorbents were generated by the chemical treatment of carbon-enriched fly ash concentrates with a 3-chloropropylamine-hydrochloride (CPAHCL) solution at 25 °C. It was determined that these amine-enriched fly ash carbon sorbents performed at a 9% CO2 capture capacity based on commercially available sorbents. The chemical sorption performance of these amine-enriched fly ash carbon sorbents will be described within this paper.

Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) needs to be standardized to remove the effects of factors such as fishing time and location, before it can be used as an index of abundance in fish stock assessments. One of the most substantial effects arises from a change of target species. This is particularly important for the Taiwanese distant-water longline fishery, which has a long history of fishery data from two fleets that target various tuna species across three oceans. We review the development of the Taiwanese distant-water longline fishery and compare five designs for standardizing the catch rate of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the western and central Pacific Ocean, using generalized linear models with lognormal and delta-lognormal error assumptions. Two approaches to address targeting effects were tested: separating fishing fleet data based on observer records, and including four target indicators calculated from catch data. Four statistical regions (relating to major fishing grounds) were treated as a single factor in the first three cases and were treated separately for the last two (one independent run for each region). The last case, which involved independent analyses for each fishing fleet for each region, and using the delta-lognormal approach, was considered to provide the most informative standardized CPUE trends for yellowfin tuna.

N ous allons nous interesser dans ce dossier a la conception des humanoides de synthese dans un contexte temps-reel pour la realite virtuelle. On distingue deux grandes classes necessitant la mise en oeuvre d'humanoides en realite virtuelle: ― la representation de l'utilisateur au sein meme de l'environnement virtuel a l'aide d'une entite appelee avatar; ― la representation d'agents autonomes independants de l'utilisateur, necessaires a la simulation d'environnements complexes impliquant plusieurs personnes, voire une population. Un certain nombre de domaines d'application ont besoin d'agents autonomes independants. Citons la simulation d'environnements architecturaux et urbains, la formation professionnelle, le traitement de pathologies en psychotherapie et les applications ludiques, educatives et artistiques. Ces humanoide doivent etre dotes d'une incarnation, de capacites de perception, de traitement de l'information, de prise de decision et d'action. Au plus bas niveau, les humanoides se deplacent, utilisent des objets, interagissent entre eux et avec les elements du decor. Il s'agit ici de generer des modeles de mouvement et de coordonner de facon realiste les differents mouvements possibles: c'est la couche motrice. Au niveau intermediaire, les humanoides jouent la scene qui doit permettre l'accomplissement de l'action. Leurs comportements, leur gestuelle, leur expression physique au sens large doivent etre en adequation avec l'atmosphere, les dialogues, le decor: c'est la couche theâtrale. Au niveau le plus haut, beneficier des avantages de l'autonomie des agents et de leur controle partiel, necessite de definir la notion de chef d'orchestre qui va suivre et influer sur l'evolution du monde virtuel. Il determine entre autre les roles et les actions que doivent effectuer les acteurs, a partir d'un scenario capable, entre autres, de reagir aux actions humaines: c'est la couche orchestrale. Ce dernier niveau n'est pas presente ici car non specifique a l'humain virtuel. Ce dossier se concentre sur les approches de modelisation et de controle temps-reel des mouvements et des comportements d'humains virtuels. D'autres aspects complementaires, tels que le rendu realiste, l'animation des vetements et de la chevelure, ou encore l'animation faciale, sont necessaires pour rendre credibles ces humanoides de synthese mais ne seront pas traites ici. La contrainte du temps-reel est particulierement severe pour un systeme mecanique aussi complexe, c'est pourquoi sa modelisation repose sur de nombreuses simplifications selon l'usage qu'il est prevu d'en faire. Ce dossier est structure de la maniere suivante. Nous rappelons tout d'abord les grandes lignes du standard H-ANIM offrant un ensemble de conventions pour la representation du squelette et du mouvement. Nous presentons ensuite deux grandes familles de techniques d'animation, les cinematiques directe et inverse, avant d'evoquer la capture temps-reel du mouvement et son adaptation pour resoudre de nouvelles contraintes. Une reflexion sur l'integration de la dynamique clot la premiere partie. La seconde partie traite des mecanismes permettant de mettre en oeuvre une autonomie croissante au sein des entites animees. Nous y presentons tout d'abord les modeles de comportements reactifs synthetises par la boucle de perception-decision-action. Suivent les modeles de comportement cognitifs, collectifs et sociaux.

IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage Contents ExECUTIvE SUMMARY 1. Assessing CCS in terms of environmental impact and cost 1 1.1 Background to the report 1.5.1 Establishing a system boundary 62 1.1.1 What is CO2 capture and storage? 54 ...

Aim  The phylogeography of the two closely related species Pseudobarbus afer and Pseudobarbus phlegethon was investigated to assess the association of evolutionary processes, inferred from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation, with hypothetical palaeoriver systems and other climatic and landscape changes.Location  One western and several southern river systems in South Africa.Methods  We sampled known populations and confirmed known distribution gaps. This was followed by an assessment of mtDNA control region sequence variation for 31 localities across 17 river systems across the range of the species complex. A map of possible offshore drainage patterns during the last major regression event was constructed based on bathymetry and geological studies.Results  The genetic distinction of four major lineages of P. afer strongly correspond with proposed palaeoriver systems. However, a western ‘Forest’ lineage, is widespread across two such proposed systems and is closely related ...