Cbpp

The current study was conducted with major objective of assessing the major animal health factors that cause rejection in international live animal trade at Adama export quarantine station and to estimate economic loss due to the rejection factors/disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2015 to April 2016 at two private feedlots found in Adama and Adami Tullu Eastern Ethiopia. From the total of 2697 bulls examined for the presence of physically and clinical
abnormalities, 3.74% (101/2697) physical and clinical abnormalities were detected. From a total of 2596 bulls that were examined for the presence of FMD (Foot and mouth disease) and CBPP (Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia); 12.9% (334/2596) and 9% (233/2596) were found to be positive respectively. The results of the present study showed significant variation in the prevalence of FMD (Foot and mouth disease) and CBPP with respect to origin of bulls (P < 0.05). The study also revealed the overall loss of hard currency due to failure to export seroposative live animals and rejected due to physical and clinical abnormalities from the two exporter farms which were included in our study was 580,826 US$. The economic loss that is incurred from FMD, CBPP and physical and clinical abnormalities were 290,413 US$, 202,593.5 US$ and 87,819.5 US$ respectively. The results of this study indicate that FMD and CBPP are still important disease in the feedlots. Therefore prevention and control strategies are needed in the feedlots; and biosecurity of the feedlots must be improved so that to reduce the exposure of bulls to new infections.

Botswana experienced an outbreak of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in February 1995 after 56 years of freedom from the disease. The outbreak was confined to the north-western region of the country in the Ngamiland District. CBPP was eradicated by applying the stamping-out policy that was implemented in April 1996 and resulted in the slaughter of 320 000 cattle. The Botswana government compensated farmers, offering them different compensation options. By the end of 1997, the restocking exercise introduced 70 000 cattle into Ngamiland. Botswana was declared CBPP-free by the World Organisation of Animal Health in 1998. Prevention strategies, which included border control, quarantine and animal movement controls, were implemented to reduce the risk of reintroduction of the disease as CBPP is still present in neighbouring countries. Serological surveillance and abattoir inspections are conducted in high-risk areas.

Results of trials in which cattle were infected by endotracheal intubation of Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides small colony (MmmSC) cultures or by contact exposure to animals affected by contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) are numerous. However, an analysis of the effects of the two different routes of infection on disease outcome is lacking. This study analyses the disease outcome in cattle infected by the two methodologies. Data originate from two controlled trials conducted in Namibia under field conditions. Intubation appears to be responsible for chronic evolution of the disease while in-contact infected animals develop more severe infection inducing mortality. Our results seem to suggest that the mode of infection may condition the disease outcome and should be taken into consideration in studies on the pathogenesis of CBPP.

The colonial encounter in the northern Kunene Region (or Kaoko) in north-west Namibia was epitomized in the events associated with the coming of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) to the region. This contribution is mainly based on archival sources. It probes into the genealogy of a disease that made animals ‘putrefy from the inside out’ and argues that the colonial perception of the region as a remote borderland, the ardent zeal of a relatively new profession within the South West African Administration to prove its legitimacy, and the nature of the disease led the colonial administration to engage in a series of experiments that were at once biological, social and political. These experiments involved the implementation of a new technology – large-scale vaccination campaigns: they and their often unexpected outcomes throw into sharp relief the various ambiguities and outright contradictions that were quintessential to colonial rule in the region

In Kaoko, north-west Namibia, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) was the background to the local experience of colonialism and South African rule, a period that is locally remembered for the smell of putrefaction spread by animals bearing the disease. This article investigates what this smell tells us about the particular modalities of colonial rule in this remote borderland. By means of two case studies, it argues that in this particular context creating and sustaining a “state of ambiguity” was a social and political strategy engaged in by coloniser and colonised alike.