Cbpp

Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia (CBPP) has become the most important cattle disease that hinders livestock development in Ethiopia. It is a disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colonies (MmmSC) and one of the most important threats to cattle health with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, crosssectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of CBPP and to assess the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease in Mana Sibu district of West Wollega zone Western Oromia from January 2020 to June 2020. A total of 389 sera were examined for the presence of specific antibodies of the disease by using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). In this study, peasant associations, age, sex, herd size and market history were considered as risk factors. Thus, the overall seroprevalence of CBPP in this study was 13.90%. The seroprevalence of CBPP at peasant association level were 14.30%, 4.10%, 5.20% and 32.0 % in Wama Tobera, Wanasha, Mukerba and Gunfi peasant associations, respectively. There was a statistically significant variation (p < 0.05) in prevalence of the disease among the peasant associations, herd size and market history. However, age and sex were not significant (p > 0.05) with the serostatus of the animal. In conclusion, the overall prevalence of CBPP in West Wollega Zone, Mana Sibu district was 13.90% so, due to the behavior of the diseases since it is significant at herd level, which warrants the government to follow appropriate preventive and control measures to stop further spread of the disease and appropriate controlling and prevention should be designed in general as a country level.

Respiratory disease outbreak was occurred in Bako Agricultural Research Center farm at 2011 located in western Oromia, which significant proportion of animals were affected before the disease is diagnosed as CBPP by National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC) and in collaboration with Bako Agricultural Research Center (NAHDIC, 2011). As a result, the center was decided not to distribute cross breed heifers or any cattle from the center for farmers until the problem is addressed and further CBPP surveillance is conducted to know the presence and distribution of the disease in the area. So far there was no systematic study conducted to look into the status of this economically important disease in the area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of CBPP in the area. Materials and Methods Description of the study area The study was carried out in Limu and Gida Ayana districts of Eastern Wollega zone of Western Oromia region and from each

In order to determine the contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) seroprevalence in Namibe province, Angola, a cross-sectional study was carried out in three municipalities of the province. One thousand two hundred thirty six adult cattle between one-eight years old from 35 herds were researched by a commercial competitive ELISA.  The herds selected had eight to 12 months of vaccination at the time of sampling. As a result, the herd prevalence was of 94,3 % and no significant differences were found among the municipalities evaluated; while the individual prevalence was 17,5 % with significant differences among municipalities Camucuio was the one with the lowest value, while Bibala and Namibe had had similar values. This paper is the first study of CBPP seroprevalence in Angola.

Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia (CBPP) has become the most important cattle disease that hinders livestock development in Ethiopia. It is a disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colonies (MmmSC) and one of the most important threats to cattle health with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, crosssectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of CBPP and to assess the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease in Mana Sibu district of West Wollega zone Western Oromia from January 2020 to June 2020. A total of 389 sera were examined for the presence of specific antibodies of the disease by using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). In this study, peasant associations, age, sex, herd size and market history were considered as risk factors. Thus, the overall seroprevalence of CBPP in this study was 13.90%. The seroprevalence of CBPP at peasant association level were 14.30%, 4.10%, 5.20% and 32.0 % in Wama Tobera, Wanasha, Mukerba and Gunfi peasant associations, respectively. There was a statistically significant variation (p < 0.05) in prevalence of the disease among the peasant associations, herd size and market history. However, age and sex were not significant (p > 0.05) with the serostatus of the animal. In conclusion, the overall prevalence of CBPP in West Wollega Zone, Mana Sibu district was 13.90% so, due to the behavior of the diseases since it is significant at herd level, which warrants the government to follow appropriate preventive and control measures to stop further spread of the disease and appropriate controlling and prevention should be designed in general as a country level.

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) remains a huge threat to cattle production in sub Saharan African countries in general and in Ethiopia in particular. A cross sectional study was conducted between November, 2017 and June, 2018 to estimate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of CBPP in the Gudeya Bila and Boneya Boshe districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State. The study was conducted on 384 cattle with no history of vaccination against CBPP, using systematic random sampling technique. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each animal and tested by competitive ELISA. Information on risk factors influencing the occurrence of CBPP was collected using questionnaire survey. Data obtained from both serological and questionnaire surveys were analyzed by using SPSS software version 20. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of exposure variables with anti-mycoplasma mycoides subspecies small colony antibodies. The results indicated that, the overall seroprevalence of CBPP at individual animal-level and herd-level was 8.6% and 26.3%, respectively. There was a statistically significant association in the sero-prevalence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC (MMmsSC) antibody (P< 0.05) with the poor body condition score, origin of animals (purchasing from outside of herd) and previous history of CBPP disease at individual animal and large herd size at herd level. This study showed that the overall prevalence of CBPP in study area was high. This warrants the implementation of appropriate preventive and control practice.

Respiratory disease outbreak was occurred in Bako Agricultural Research Center farm at 2011 located in western Oromia, which significant proportion of animals were affected before the disease is diagnosed as CBPP by National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC) and in collaboration with Bako Agricultural Research Center (NAHDIC, 2011). As a result, the center was decided not to distribute cross breed heifers or any cattle from the center for farmers until the problem is addressed and further CBPP surveillance is conducted to know the presence and distribution of the disease in the area. So far there was no systematic study conducted to look into the status of this economically important disease in the area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of CBPP in the area. Materials and Methods Description of the study area The study was carried out in Limu and Gida Ayana districts of Eastern Wollega zone of Western Oromia region and from each

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is one of the most important threats to cattle health and production in Ethiopia. At the livestock farm of the Bako Agricultural Research Center, an outbreak of respiratory disease of cattle occurred in May 2011, and many animals were affected and died before the disease was diagnosed. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of CBPP antibodies in selected districts of Western Oromia Region and to assess the potential risk factors for the occurrence of the disease. A crosssectional study was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 in three selected districts of Western Oromia Region. A total of 386 sera were examined for the presence of specific antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoidesmycoides small colony (MmmSC), using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The risk factors that were evaluated in this study were geographical location, age, sex, breed and body condition. The overall seroprevalence in this...

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a bacterial disease of respiratory system which is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC variant (MmmSC) and characterized by pneumonia and serofibrinous pleurisy. This review was aimed to elucidate the epidemiology, control measures and economic significance of CBPP, to address the economic loss of the country and to state effective control and prevention method of the disease. CBPP also epidemiologically characterized by its ability to transmit through direct contact, long incubation period, possibility of early excretion of mycoplasmas (up to 20 days) before apparition of clinical sings during the course of the disease and after recovery in "lungers" up to two years. Closeness of contact, intensity of infection and the number of susceptible animals determine the rate of spread of the disease. The clinical manifestations and lesions are typical and are no different in Africa from those seen in other countries. The post mortem lesions of CBPP include thickening and inflammation of lung tissues. Diagnosis requires the isolation of the etiological agent. In carrying out CBPP diagnosis it is necessary to differentiate this disease from other diseases that may present similar clinical signs or lesions. Treatment is recommended only in endemic areas because the organisms may not be eliminated and carriers may develop. The main problems for control or eradication are the frequent occurrence of sub acute or subclinical infections, the persistence of chronic carriers after the clinical phase and the lack of extensive vaccine coverage. Generally, CBPP is one of the major threats to cattle health and production in most African countries including Ethiopia. Relevant control measures should be implemented to minimize the incidence of CBPP zonal and national levels.

3 Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2007 to April 2008 in three districts of Bale Zone, Oromiya regional state to determine seroprevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease virus and to obtain local perception regarding the disease in the study area. A total of 301 bovine serum samples were collected from two districts and one dairy farm (Sinana 172, Goba 109 and Agarfa dairy farm 20). Semi structured questionnaire format was prepared and 80 informants were interviewed. Out of 301 serum samples examined at National Veterinary Institute by 3ABC ELISA 65 (21.59%) were positive for the disease FMD. The highest prevalence was observed at Sinana (24.41) followed by Goba (20.18%) and Agarfa dairy Farm (5%). The difference in prevalence between these sites was statistically non-significant (P= 0.066). The prevalence among age category and breed type was calculated and there is no significant difference (P=0.539 and P= 0.599 respectively). Semi structured interview resul...

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is one of the most important threats to cattle health and production in Ethiopia. At the livestock farm of the Bako Agricultural Research Center, an outbreak of respiratory disease of cattle occurred in May 2011, and many animals were affected and died before the disease was diagnosed. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of CBPP antibodies in selected districts of Western Oromia Region and to assess the potential risk factors for the occurrence of the disease. A crosssectional study was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 in three selected districts of Western Oromia Region. A total of 386 sera were examined for the presence of specific antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoidesmycoides small colony (MmmSC), using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The risk factors that were evaluated in this study were geographical location, age, sex, breed and body condition. The overall seroprevalence in this...

L&#39;Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell&#39;Abruzzo e del Molise è impegnato da anni nella ricerca e sperimentazione mirate ad approfondire la conoscenza delle malattie esotiche, cioè di quelle malattie che non sono presenti sul territorio nazionale. Per poter raggiungere tali obiettivi, è importante impegnarsi nella creazione di una rete di collaborazioni con Laboratori ed Enti di ricerca a livello nazionale ed internazionale. I rapporti che l&#39;Istituto ha instaurato soprattutto con la Namibia e più di recente Botswana si stanno rivelando di notevole aiuto per la reciproca crescita tecnico-scientifica. L&#39;Istituto coopera con i Servizi Veterinari della Namibia fornendo supporto tecnico-scientifico e nel 2005, ha allestito un proprio Laboratorio di Virologia, presso il Central Veterinary Laboratory di Windhoek, nel quale, personale dell&#39;Istituto e namibiano, in unita&#39; di intenti, condividono le competenze diagnostiche e la ricerca scientifica. Scopo del seguen...

3 Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2007 to April 2008 in three districts of Bale Zone, Oromiya regional state to determine seroprevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease virus and to obtain local perception regarding the disease in the study area. A total of 301 bovine serum samples were collected from two districts and one dairy farm (Sinana 172, Goba 109 and Agarfa dairy farm 20). Semi structured questionnaire format was prepared and 80 informants were interviewed. Out of 301 serum samples examined at National Veterinary Institute by 3ABC ELISA 65 (21.59%) were positive for the disease FMD. The highest prevalence was observed at Sinana (24.41) followed by Goba (20.18%) and Agarfa dairy Farm (5%). The difference in prevalence between these sites was statistically non-significant (P= 0.066). The prevalence among age category and breed type was calculated and there is no significant difference (P=0.539 and P= 0.599 respectively). Semi structured interview resul...

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides biotype SC (MmmSC) that is characterized by pleuritis and pneumonia. It is now one of the most important threat to cattle production in Africa. Until 1990, the disease seemed to have been under control in most countries through annual vaccination campaigns. However, it reappeared recently in countries that were considered free of the disease. Botswana had remained free of infection for over fifty years since the disease was eradicated in 1939 from the Chobe district of the country (9). In 1995, cattle were reported to be dying in large numbers at Xaudum village, about 70 km from Mohembo in Northwestern Botswana. Field and laboratory investigations supported a CBPP diagnosis (1). The government of Botswana adopted a stamping-out policy which involved the slaughter of 320,000 cattle from the outbreak zone in Ngamiland district of Northwestern Botswana. By the end of 1997 about 70,0...

The Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell&#39;Abruzzo e del Molise &#39;G. Caporale&#39; (IZS A&M) has been engaged for many years in research and studies designed to increase knowledge and expertise when dealing with &#39;exotic diseases&#39; namely, those diseases which are not present in a country. To achieve these objectives, it is important to create cooperation networks with laboratories and research organisations at national and international levels. The relationship between the IZS A&M with Namibia in particular and, more recently with Botswana, are proving to be very valuable to mutual technical/scientific growth. In 2005, the National Reference Centre for the Study of Exotic Diseases set up its own Virology Laboratory at the Windhoek Central Veterinary Laboratory where the Namibian and IZS A&M personnel, working towards common goals, share diagnostic responsibilities and scientific research. The authors describe the activities involved in this joint project.

Riassunto Questo lavoro descrive le fasi organizzative e lo svolgimento delle operazioni di cattura nel Caprivi, a nordest della Namibia, per accertare lo stato sanitario dei bufali africani. Un report completo, che descriva le operazioni di cattura ei costi sostenuti oltre alle finalità di ...

The current study was conducted with major objective of assessing the major animal health factors that cause rejection in international live animal trade at Adama export quarantine station and to estimate economic loss due to the rejection factors/disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2015 to April 2016 at two private feedlots found in Adama and Adami Tullu Eastern Ethiopia. From the total of 2697 bulls examined for the presence of physically and clinical
abnormalities, 3.74% (101/2697) physical and clinical abnormalities were detected. From a total of 2596 bulls that were examined for the presence of FMD (Foot and mouth disease) and CBPP (Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia); 12.9% (334/2596) and 9% (233/2596) were found to be positive respectively. The results of the present study showed significant variation in the prevalence of FMD (Foot and mouth disease) and CBPP with respect to origin of bulls (P < 0.05). The study also revealed the overall loss of hard currency due to failure to export seroposative live animals and rejected due to physical and clinical abnormalities from the two exporter farms which were included in our study was 580,826 US$. The economic loss that is incurred from FMD, CBPP and physical and clinical abnormalities were 290,413 US$, 202,593.5 US$ and 87,819.5 US$ respectively. The results of this study indicate that FMD and CBPP are still important disease in the feedlots. Therefore prevention and control strategies are needed in the feedlots; and biosecurity of the feedlots must be improved so that to reduce the exposure of bulls to new infections.

Botswana experienced an outbreak of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in February 1995 after 56 years of freedom from the disease. The outbreak was confined to the north-western region of the country in the Ngamiland District. CBPP was eradicated by applying the stamping-out policy that was implemented in April 1996 and resulted in the slaughter of 320 000 cattle. The Botswana government compensated farmers, offering them different compensation options. By the end of 1997, the restocking exercise introduced 70 000 cattle into Ngamiland. Botswana was declared CBPP-free by the World Organisation of Animal Health in 1998. Prevention strategies, which included border control, quarantine and animal movement controls, were implemented to reduce the risk of reintroduction of the disease as CBPP is still present in neighbouring countries. Serological surveillance and abattoir inspections are conducted in high-risk areas.

Results of trials in which cattle were infected by endotracheal intubation of Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides small colony (MmmSC) cultures or by contact exposure to animals affected by contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) are numerous. However, an analysis of the effects of the two different routes of infection on disease outcome is lacking. This study analyses the disease outcome in cattle infected by the two methodologies. Data originate from two controlled trials conducted in Namibia under field conditions. Intubation appears to be responsible for chronic evolution of the disease while in-contact infected animals develop more severe infection inducing mortality. Our results seem to suggest that the mode of infection may condition the disease outcome and should be taken into consideration in studies on the pathogenesis of CBPP.

The authors describe the project undertaken by the Istituto G. Caporale to provide a laboratory information management system (LIMS) to the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL) in Windhoek, Namibia. This robust laboratory management tool satisfies Namibia’s information obligations under international quality standard ISO 17025:2005. The Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) for Africa was designed to collect and manage all necessary information on samples, tests and test results. The system involves the entry of sample data on arrival, as required by Namibian sampling plans, the tracking of samples through the various sections of the CVL, the collection of test results, generation of test reports and monitoring of outbreaks through data interrogation functions, eliminating multiple registrations of the same data on paper records. It is a fundamental component of the Namibian veterinary information system.

In Kaoko, north-west Namibia, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) was the background to the local experience of colonialism and South African rule, a period that is locally remembered for the smell of putrefaction spread by animals bearing the disease. This article investigates what this smell tells us about the particular modalities of colonial rule in this remote borderland. By means of two case studies, it argues that in this particular context creating and sustaining a “state of ambiguity” was a social and political strategy engaged in by coloniser and colonised alike.

The colonial encounter in the northern Kunene Region (or Kaoko) in north-west Namibia was epitomized in the events associated with the coming of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) to the region. This contribution is mainly based on archival sources. It probes into the genealogy of a disease that made animals ‘putrefy from the inside out’ and argues that the colonial perception of the region as a remote borderland, the ardent zeal of a relatively new profession within the South West African Administration to prove its legitimacy, and the nature of the disease led the colonial administration to engage in a series of experiments that were at once biological, social and political. These experiments involved the implementation of a new technology – large-scale vaccination campaigns: they and their often unexpected outcomes throw into sharp relief the various ambiguities and outright contradictions that were quintessential to colonial rule in the region