Computer Science and Information Technology

Chartres Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres), is a Roman Catholic church in Chartres, France, about 80 km (50 miles) southwest of Paris and is the seat of the Bishop of Chartres. Mostly constructed between 1194 and 1220, it stands at the site of at least five cathedrals that have occupied the site since the Diocese of Chartres was formed as an episcopal see in the 4th century. It is in the High Gothic and Romanesque styles.

800 years later in 2020 we have Schumann Resonators which are little boxes you plug into the wall that produce electromagnetic radiation tuned to 7.83 Hz.
This is the frequency that the earth/atmosphere system “rings” at when the Earth is struck by lightning. It is also a common frequency your brain “ticks” at.
If we are out of sync with Earth's Frequency (Schumann Resonance) we begin to exhibit signs of discomfort that can range from anxiety, insomnia, illness, suppressed immune etc… Conversely we have discovered that when we humans are in sync with 7.83hz the body is able to heal and increase its vitality. I use PEMF (pulsed electro magnetic field) therapy devices by Swiss Bionics with Schumann resonators. 

It seems the ancients knew about this too.

The cathedral is known as "the high point of French Gothic art" and a "masterpiece" and is well-preserved for its age: the majority of the original stained glass windows survive intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century.
The building's exterior is dominated by heavy flying buttresses which allowed the architects to increase the window size significantly, while the west end is dominated by two contrasting spires – a 105-metre (349 ft) plain pyramid completed around 1160 and a 113-metre (377 ft) early 16th-century Flamboyant spire on top of an older tower. Equally notable are the three great façades, each adorned with hundreds of sculpted figures illustrating key theological themes and narratives.


At least five cathedrals have stood on this site, each replacing an earlier building damaged by war or fire. The first church dated from no later than the 4th century and was located at the base of a Gallo-Roman wall; this was put to the torch in 743 on the orders of the Duke of Aquitaine. The second church on the site was set on fire by Danish pirates in 858. This was then reconstructed and enlarged by Bishop Gislebert, but was itself destroyed by fire in 1020. A vestige of this church, now known as Saint Lubin Chapel, remains, underneath the apse of the present cathedral.
It took its name from Lubinus, the mid-6th-century Bishop of Chartres. It is lower than the rest of the crypt and may have been the shrine of a local saint, prior to the church's rededication to the Virgin Mary.

In 962 the church was damaged by another fire and was reconstructed yet again. A more serious fire broke out on 7 September 1020, after which Bishop Fulbert (bishop from 1006 to 1028) decided to build a new cathedral. He appealed to the royal houses of Europe, and received generous donations for the rebuilding, including a gift from Cnut the Great, King of Norway, Denmark and much of England. The new cathedral was constructed atop and around the remains of the 9th-century church. It consisted of an ambulatory around the earlier chapel, surrounded by three large chapels with Romanesque barrel vault and groin vault ceilings, which still exist. On top of this structure he built the upper church, 108 meters long and 34 meters wide.
The rebuilding proceeded in phases over the next century, culminating in 1145 in a display of public enthusiasm dubbed the "Cult of the Carts" – one of several such incidents recorded during the period. It was claimed that during this religious outburst, a crowd of more than a thousand penitents dragged carts filled with building supplies and provisions including stones, wood, grain, etc. to the site.

In 1134, another fire in the town damaged the facade and the bell tower of the cathedral.
Construction was begun immediately on a new tower, the north tower, which was finished in about 1150. It was just two stories high and had a lead roof. The south tower, begun in 1144, was much more ambitious; it had a spire atop the tower, and, when finished in about 1160, it reached a height of 105 metres or 345 feet, one of the highest in Europe. The two towers were joined on the first level by a chapel devoted to Saint Michael. Traces of the vaults and the shafts which supported them are still visible in the western two bays.
The stained glass in the three lancet windows over the portals dates from some time between 1145 and 1155, while the south spire, some 103 metres high, was also completed by 1155 or later. The Royal Portal on the west facade, between the towers, the primary entrance to the cathedral, was probably finished between 1145 and 1245.

The field of using Data Mining (DM) techniques in educational environments is typically identified as Educational Data Mining (EDM). EDM is rapidly becoming an important field of research due to its ability to extract valuable knowledge from various educational datasets. During the past decade, an increasing interest has arisen within many practical studies to study and analyze educational data especially students’ performance. The performance of students plays a vital role in higher education institutions. In keeping with this, there is a clear need to investigate factors influencing students’ performance. This study was carried out to identify the factors affecting students’ academic performance. K-means and X-means clustering techniques were applied to analyze the data to find the relationship of the students' performance with these factors. The study finding includes a set of the most influencing personal and social factors on the students’ performance such as parents’ occup...

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) networks were expected to be the main Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technology that provided several services such as data, voice, and video services including different classes of Quality of Services (QoS), which in turn were defined by IEEE 802.16 standard. Scheduling in WiMAX became one of the most challenging issues, since it was responsible for distributing available resources of the network among all users; this leaded to the demand of constructing and designing high efficient scheduling algorithms in order to improve the network utilization, to increase the network throughput, and to minimize the end-to-end delay. In this study, we presenedt a simulation study to measure the performance of several scheduling algorithms in WiMAX, which were Strict Priority algorithm, Round-Robin (RR), Weighted Round Robin (WRR), Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ), Self-Clocked Fair (SCF), and Diff-Serv Algorithm.

6th International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (CSITY 2020) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology. The Conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology in theoretical and practical aspects.

This study examines the individuals’ participation intentions and behaviour on Social Networking Sites (SNSs). For this purpose, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is utilized and extended in this study through the addition of “perceived social capital” construct aiming to increase its explanatory power and predictive ability in this context. Data collected from a survey of 1100 participants and distilled to 657 usable sets has been analysed to assess the predictive power of proposed model via structural equation modelling. The model proposed in this study explains 56% of the variance in “Participation Intentions” and 55% of the variance in “Participation Behaviour”. Participation of behavioural intention in the model’
explanatory power was the highest amongst the constructs (able to explain 28% of usage behaviour). While, “Attitude” explain around 11% of SNSs usage behaviour. The study findings also show that “Perceived Social Capital” construct has a notable impact on usage behaviour, this impact came indirectly through its direct effect on “Attitude” and “Perceived Usefulness”. Participation of “Perceived Social Capital” in the models' explanatory power was the third highest amongst the constructs. “Perceived Social Capital”, alone explain around 9% of SNSs usage behaviour.

With the rapid and the fast development of artificial intelligence technology, intelligent tutoring Systems (ITSs) are becoming one of the most important area of research and development. Intelligent tutoring Systems have very good impact for making computer-based instruction more adaptive and interactive. Intelligent tutoring Systems are becoming important aspect of educational systems that makes use of adaptive technologies to bring in aspects of a human-teacher delivering personalized and customized tutoring to a student, into online computer-based learning environments.

Early Intervention Program (EIP) is very important to improve and enhance the overall development of children with Tiresome 21 (Down syndrome). Up till now, there is no ITS for Early Intervention for Down syndrome children. In order to help a child and parents in the implementation of Early Intervention Program, a proposed ITS framework has been developed. This ITS can help his/her parents assess and evaluate children's' skills in order to provide effective early intervention services to handicaps children according to their mental age and to evaluate their progress and learn.

This paper explore the construction requirements to build ITS for Down syndrome children, and the points that differ the ITS for Down syndrome from the traditional ITSs.

In modern and crowded traffic life, it becomes mandatory to save the human life by reaching the hospital very sooner than possible. This paper explains about the advancement in tracking the ambulance presence amidst the traffic with the usage of GPS tracking system calculating the position of the ambulance from the traffic signal which replaces the RF transmitter receiver circuitry. This paper also retains the use of the image capturing technology available from the base paper (IMPACT OF IMAGE PROCESSING IN SAVING THE HUMAN LIFE BY AUTOMATING TRAFFIC SIGNALS) to identify the presence of the ambulance, thereby changing the signal to green automatically in favour of ambulance.

Due to the increasingly need for automatic traffic monitoring, vehicle license plate detection is of high interest to perform automatic toll collection, traffic law enforcement, parking lot access control, among others. In this paper, a sliding window approach based on Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG)
features is used for Brazilian license plate detection. This approach consists in scanning the whole image in a multiscale fashion such that the license plate is located precisely. The main contribution of this work consists in a deep study of the best setup for HOG descriptors on the detection of Brazilian license plates, in which HOG have never been applied before. We also demonstrate the reliability of this method ensured
by a recall higher than 98% (with a precision higher than 78%) in a publicly available data set.

This article explains the results of a study that focuses on measuring Sustainable Development (SD) education for Information Technology Education (ITE) program review in UPSI. A Sustainable Development Education Model (SDEM) was constructed in this study using two integration approaches, namely a horizontal integration and a vertical integration. Both integration approaches were used to measure courses offered in the existing program with selected courses on the implementation of the SD education. The SD education in the selected programming and networking courses was measured using a self-assessment of sustainability criteria based on the Sustainability Tool for Assessing Universities Curricula Holistically (or STAUNCH©). STAUNCH© is an analytical software used to analyze courses and academic programs across all disciplines specifically on assessing the contribution of their curricula to SD. The software analyzed two parts of SD education evaluation which are curriculum evaluation and concept evaluation, using descriptive statistics with percentage cross-tabulation method. The results from the first part show that there is a normal distribution in ESD contribution by each course and a low indication on the grade strength for SD contribution in curriculum evaluation. The results from the second part show that there is a high importance to agree on the components used in the design of SD integration concept and an average rate of SD integration into the curriculum. For the teaching and learning method used, it was found that a cross-disciplinary approach, a mix-method approach, and a project-based learning (PBL) is extremely important for the successful SD integration into the curriculum. The study concludes that upon measuring the selected programming and networking courses in the ITE program, the SD integration within these courses are above average and necessary steps are needed to be taken accordingly. The study implies that SD education not only benefits the curriculum provider, but also the students because they are the future inheritors of technology as it benefits a sustainable future.

This paper presents the results of an online survey which was conducted to analyse the use of social web in the context of daily news. Users' motivation and habit in the news consumption were focused. Moreover, users' news behaviour was distinguished in three purposes such news consumption, news production and news dissemination to find out if the usage has a passive or active character. In a second step it was questioned which social software is used for which purpose. In conclusion users appreciate social software for features such as interactivity and information that traditional media does not provide. Among the social web platforms users prefer social networking sites as well as videoshare platforms. Social networking sites also rank first in the news production and dissemination.

Cancer is a disease that develops in the human body due to gene mutation. Because of various factors, cells can become cancerous and grow rapidly, destroying normal cells at the same time. Support vector machines allow for accurate classification and detection of the classes. The advantage of kernel selection is to derive global learning rates for SVMs using the Genetic Folding algorithm. The developed GF algorithm outperforms traditional SVMs in the UCI Breast Cancer Wisconsin Diagnostic (BCWD) dataset under a certain comparative analysis, which is conducted under a set of conditions that describe the behavior of the compared algorithms. The observation that relates the GF performance appears to be comparable with SVM. The statistical analysis relies on a careful analysis of the ROC curve. Moreover, the GF algorithm shows that accuracy rates are obtained adaptively, that is, without knowing the parameters resulting from the margin conditions. The experimental results show that the ...

Neural computing is a very extensive, separate science. We apply its solid theory has made it possible to solve many kinds of problems one of which is offline handwriting character recognition. The goal of optical character recognition is to classify the alphanumeric samples of text saved as digital images. We apply the methods of preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction to enable the input characters into the neural network. The network is later trained using the backpropogation and the radial basis function method. The ultimate goal of conducting the procedure is to develop a system that efficiently recognizes handwritten characters with utmost precision and an optimal learning rate.

International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.

E-governance is the latest trend in many countries in which the government system is being online to deliver the government services to the citizens. The services can be from Government to Citizen (G2C) and Government to Business (G2B) or Government to Government (G2G) or Government to Employee (G2E) or vice a versa. People can access any application or any scheme from anywhere, anytime. As it comes with the word online, the biggest concern is the security issue. To provide E-authentication to the user there are many cryptographic techniques available. This paper discusses to increase the security, reliability, and non-repudiation of the user's data or information using Digital signature. It is highly secured and well-known method to authenticate and verify an electronic transaction.

Computer security is a branch of technology known as Information Security, as it is applied to computers and networks. The objective of computer security involves the protection of information and property from theft and corruption, or natural disasters, while information and property can remain productive and accessible to their intended users. Computer system security terminology means the collective processes and mechanisms through which information, sensitive and valuable services are protected from dissemination, and tampering with or collapsing caused by unauthorized or unreliable activities, and unplanned events, respectively to solve the problems of information security on the social network website. We have to learn about the basic concept and structure of the social network website and its associated social network. The social network of services in the Internet zone usually refers to: social network service, social networking programs and social network website. Clearly, these three things are interlinked and indispensable; they are combined to form a platform for users to communicate information.

Map Reduce has gained remarkable significance as a prominent parallel data processing tool in the research community, academia and industry with the spurt in volume of data that is to be analyzed. Map Reduce is used in different applications such as data mining, data analytics where massive data analysis is required, but still it is constantly being explored on different parameters such as performance and efficiency. This survey intends to explore large scale data processing using MapReduce and its various implementations to facilitate the database, researchers and other communities in developing the technical understanding of the MapReduce framework. In this survey, different MapReduce implementations are explored and their inherent features are compared on different parameters. It also addresses the open
issues and challenges raised on fully functional DBMS/Data Warehouse on MapReduce. The comparison of various Map Reduce implementations is done with the most popular implementation Hadoop and other similar implementations using other platforms.

Character recognition is the process of detecting and processing a character or words and storing it in textual format. This project aims to build a character recognition system to digitize the ancient Tamil script and additionally translate the obtained script to modern Tamil. Although technologies around image processing are almost at perfection for languages like English and other modern languages, recognition of ancient scripts is still elusive. Conventional methods used by the Archaeological department convert the documents manually, which is possible only with the help of an expert. The proposed system will cross out such a need and will enable the common man to decipher the ancient scripts from inscriptions and manuscripts and also digitize, and also enable to process the data using Natural Language Processing. The system incorporates Convoluted Neural Networks to extract the features from each character to detect and translate the character to modern Tamil with 94.6 % accuracy.

Bangladesh is a developing country with the literacy rate of 62.5%. Challenges in education sector are huge. There is no doubt that IT is going to bring about a tremendous change in education. The use of ICT in education was more student-centred learning. Because of the world moving rapidly into digital media and information, the role of ICT in education is becoming more and more important. In developing countries like Bangladesh, The implementation of ICT in education sector is a greatest challenge. In this paper, challenges are discussed and some recommendations are provided. The development of Bangladesh through the implementation of ICT in education also discussed here.

Traditional approaches to extract useful Keyphrase from a sentence rely heavily on human effort. In this paper, to overcome this challenge, Automatic Keyphrase Extraction algorithm has been used to extract a Keyphrase efficiently that reduces the scope for human errors and saves time. The Machine Learning algorithms detect the Keyphrase from a sentence that the user feeds as an input and sets a reminder using the Keyphrase. RAKE and Textrank algorithms help to extract Keyphrase or important terms of a given text document. RAKE and TextRank techniques applied to find and analyze the best possible way of extracting the Keyphrase efficiently. With slight modifications to the code, the algorithms can be implemented to serve different application domain such as message or threat decoding in military purposes and can be extended to use in speech-to-text translation and sentimental analysis of the data.

Project management is quite important to execute projects effectively and efficiently. Project management is vital to projects success. The main challenge of project management is to achieve all project goals, taking into consideration time, scope, budget constraints, and quality. This paper will identify general measures for the two specific goals and its ten specific practices of Integrated Project management Process Area in Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). CMMI is a framework for improvement and assessment of computer information systems. The method we used to define the measures is to apply the Goal Questions Metrics (GQM) paradigm to the two specific goals and its ten specific practices of Integrated Project management Process Area in CMMI.

Of the four elementary operations, division is the most time consuming and expensive operation in modern day processors. This paper uses the tricks based on Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics System to achieve a generalized algorithm for BCD division in a much time efficient and optimised manner than the conventional algorithms in literature. It has also been observed that the algorithm in concern exhibits remarkable results when executed on traditional mid range processors with numbers having size up to 15 digits (50 bits). The present form of the algorithm can divide numbers having 38 digits (127 bits) which can be further enhanced by simple modifications.

These days, with the increasing demands and responsibilities of life, parents becoming busy most of the time which makes taking care of an infant incredibly difficult task as infants need the attention and supervision of caregivers all the time. However, the advancement of technology has led to the emergence of smart baby cradle as an intelligent system with numerous features to reduce the burden of parents and caregivers. The paper aims to enhance the quality of the existing baby cradle systems by incorporating a new module for managing baby cry. Managing baby cry involves providing analysis for baby cry, and accordingly, triggering the suitable device attached to the cradle. This research paper provides significant attention on detecting baby cry, more accurately, by integrating four-sub modules in the cry classification process including voice analysis, face image analysis, body gesture analysis, and finally decision fusion.

Image enhancement is the process of improving the quality of image by using various techniques. There are so many techniques for image enhancement and every technique produces different result for different images. Contrast enhancement is one of the techniques of Image Enhancement that produces an image that subjectively looks better than the original image by changing the pixel intensities. In this paper, the various contrast enhancement techniques are compared with respect to image enhancement. We compared three cases: In the first case comparison between the linear contrast methods, in second case comparison between the non-linear contrast methods and third case comparison between linear and non-linear contrast methods. Analysis studies are explained and experiments show that Piecewise contrast method gives better result comparing with other techniques of linear contrast enhancement. For nonlinear contrast enhancement techniques, Histogram Equalization gives better result comparing with other non-linear contrast methods and non-linear contrast methods give better result than linear contrast methods.

The problem of scheduling a timetable is a complex job that is considered as an NP-hard problem, i.e., not verifiable in polynomial time. This is a typical scheduling problem that appears to be a strenuous job in every academic institute. The Genetic Algorithm, being an adaptive algorithm, can improve its efficiency as it progresses. A timetable should satisfy a particular number of constraints that are specific to the organization that it has been subjected to. Here, the university that is associated with our college, Kerala Technological University (KTU), has just been established and it is essential to have a timetable scheduler of its own to ease the burden of colleges to specify its norms and amount of subjects it deals with every year.

Lane detection and tracking is one of the key features of advanced driver assistance system. Lane detection is finding the white markings on a dark road. Lane tracking use the previously detected lane markers and adjusts itself according to the motion model. In this paper, review of lane detection and tracking algorithms developed in the last decade is discussed. Several modalities are considered for lane detection which include vision, LIDAR, vehicle odometry information, information from global positioning system and digital maps. The lane detection and tracking is one of the challenging problems in computer vision. Different vision based lane detection techniques are explained in the paper. The performance of different lane detection and tracking algorithms is also compared and studied.

This text explains how to use mathematical models and methods to analyze problems that arise in computer science. Proofs play a central role in this work because the authors share a belief with most mathematicians that proofs are essential for genuine understanding. Proofs also play a growing role in computer science; they are used to certify that software and hardware will always behave correctly, something that no amount of testing can do.

Information Technology in Industry (ITII) is an open access electronic journal, established by a group of academic members at La Trobe University, Australia for the purpose of publishing and sharing knowledge and research results in all areas of information technology in industry.

Thyroid is the major disorder occurs due to the lack of thyroid hormone among women than man. The test report of thyroid includes number of attributes such as TSH, T3, TT4, T4U and more. Manually determining the disorder for number of peoples test report is not easier. So, using the data mining approach will made this task simpler by predicting the disorder from the large dataset. Traditionally, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) data mining technique is used to predict the thyroid disorder. In our proposed work, the random forest approach is utilized to predict the hypothyroid disorder by collecting the dataset from UCI repository. The performance measure is calculated from the confusion matrix with the accuracy. The experimental result is obtained from the Weka tool.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has the power to change our world. Agriculture is the backbone of the India. Development of IoT application is a must, for solving problems that are faced by farmers in the field of agriculture. Lack of proper information and communication leads to the loss in production. In the proposed system, we have automated the drip irrigation technology with the help of IoT and optimizing the usage of water level. In this paper, we are providing most secured MQTT protocol at the database level (Mongodb) and application level with the encryption technic for data security.

International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.

Cancer is a disease that develops in the human body due to gene mutation. Because of various factors, cells can become cancerous and grow rapidly, destroying normal cells at the same time. Support vector machines allow for accurate classification and detection of the classes. The advantage of kernel selection is to derive global learning rates for SVMs using the Genetic Folding algorithm. The developed GF algorithm outperforms traditional SVMs in the UCI Breast Cancer Wisconsin Diagnostic (BCWD) dataset under a certain comparative analysis, which is conducted under a set of conditions that describe the behavior of the compared algorithms. The observation that relates the GF performance appears to be comparable with SVM. The statistical analysis relies on a careful analysis of the ROC curve. Moreover, the GF algorithm shows that accuracy rates are obtained adaptively, that is, without knowing the parameters resulting from the margin conditions. The experimental results show that the ...

Implementation of smart cities is going on all over India. The key focus in smart city is to automate the tasks required to monitor the management activities and effective usage of resources. One important task in the city management is keeping city clean and the man power utilised for it. An automatic garbage monitoring system would help the administration to plan and allocate work for garbage cleaners in an efficient way. CNN is used to identify the street garbage categories, count the number of garbage. And the system is much efficient manner with accuracy. The results are incorporated into the street cleanliness calculation framework to ultimately visualize the street cleanliness levels, which provides convenience for City Corporation to arrange clean up personnel effectively.

International Journal on Foundations of Computer Science & Technology (IJFCST) is a Bi-monthly peer-reviewed and refereed open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Foundations of Computer Science & Technology. Over the last decade, there has been an explosion in the field of computer science to solve various problems from mathematics to engineering. This journal aims to provide a platform for exchanging ideas in new emerging trends that needs more focus and exposure and will attempt to publish proposals that strengthen our goals.

Project monitoring and control process is an important process in developing any computer information system. Monitoring and Control provides an understanding of the project’s progress so that when the project deviates significantly from the plan appropriate corrective actions can be taken. This research will identify general measures for the specific goals and its specific practices of Project Monitoring and Control Process Area in Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). CMMI is developed in USA by Software Engineering Institute (SEI) in Carnegie Mellon University. CMMI is a framework for assessment and improvement of computer information systems. The procedure we used to determine the measures is to apply the Goal Questions Metrics (GQM) approach to the two specific goals and its ten specific practices of Project Monitoring and Control Process Area in CMMI.