Defined Contribution

This paper examines the role of guarantees in DC pension plans, in particular minimum investment return guarantees during the accumulation phase. The main goal is to assess the cost and benefits of different return guarantees. The report uses a stochastic financial market model where guarantee claims are calculated as a financial derivative in a financial market framework (like e.g. the valuation of a put option). In this context, the report highlights the value of capital guarantees that protect the nominal value of contributions in DC pension plans. However, such guarantees can only be introduced relatively easily in the very specific context considered in this report. Allowing plan members vary contribution periods or investment strategies, or change providers, would raise major challenges for an effective and efficient implementation of return guarantees in a DC context. This would increase the complexity and cost of administering the guarantee.Le rôle de garanties dans les plan...

All of Zambia's pension schemes are deficient in design, financing, and administration. This report urges that Zambia restructure its social protection system to complement its new economic strategy. That restructuring must address such basic problems as macroeconomic fluctuations and an unstable financial sector; high inflation rates and politically-motivated low-yield investments and loans; income ceilings irregularly adjusted for inflation; overgenerous public sector pension benefits; and inadequate management of pension fund operations. In the short and medium term, the objectives should be to settle outstanding pension claims, revise early retirement provisions and investment policies, and improve capabilities for administering statutory pension funds. In the long term the objectives should be to convert the Zambia National Provident Fund (ZNPF) into a modest basic pension scheme for private sector employees, and subsequently integrate civil servants and public sector empl...

This thesis provides empirical evidence on financial skills and the relation with household financial decision-making based upon specially designed questions for the DNB Household Survey (DHS). The majority of the respondents has some grasp of concepts such as interest compounding, inflation, and the time value of money. However, very few go beyond these basic concepts; many households do not know

In the UK and elsewhere, defined benefit (DB) schemes are being replaced by defined contribution (DC) schemes. However DC schemes have some substantial weaknesses, and a continuation of current policies will probably lead to another pensions crisis in a few decades. There is an alternative which avoids the major defects of both DB and DC schemes. It is proposed that,

The call for enhanced financial literacy amongst consumers is a global phenomenon, driven by the growing complexity of financial markets and products, and government concerns about the affordability of supporting an ageing population. Worldwide, defined benefit pensions are giving way to the risk and uncertainty of defined contribution superannuation/pension funds where fund members now make choices and decisions that were once made on their behalf. An important prerequisite for informed financial decision-making is adequate financial knowledge and skills to make competent investment decisions. This paper reports the findings of an online survey of the members of a large Australian public sector-based superannuation fund and shows that although respondents generally understand basic financial matters, on average, their understanding of investments concepts, such as the relationship between risk and returns, is inadequate. These results highlight the need for education programs focusing specifically on developing fund members’ investment knowledge and skills to facilitate informed retirement savings decisions.

THE SWEDISH PENSION REFORM DATES BACK TO THE SUMMER OF 1992 when the Parliamen- tary Working Group on Pensions published a "sketch" containing almost all the essential elements of the reform. The working group was formed at the end of 1991 as the new nonsocialist government took office, following the publication, debate, and official com- ments on a parliamentary pension

The Canadian three-tier pension system consists of the Old Age Security (OAS), the Canada and Quebec Pension Plans (CPP/QPP) and workplace registered pension plans (RPPs). This three-tier system has improved and ensured the security and stability of old age income in Canada in the past three to four decades.  However, lately fewer and fewer employers offer workplace RPPs, and more of the existing plans are being converted from the reliable defined benefit plans to the risky defined contribution plans. Since, as it is evident from the current trend in the country, the policy makers cannot prevent the decline in quantity and quality of workplace pension plans, Canada’s best solution seems to be the enhancement of the benefits and an actuarially fair increase in the payroll contribution rates of the CPP.

This paper offers an assessment of broad social, economic, and demographic trends affecting the US labor force now—in,this time of strong economic,growth—and,in the future. The focus is on demographic trends, work and family issues, health and pension patterns, technical change, adjustment to low unemployment, globalization, and the plight of low-skilled workers. The paper identifies several important trends and patterns,

For participants in defined contribution (DC) plans who refrain from exercising investment choice, plan contributions are invested following the default investment option of their respective plans. Since default investment options of different plans vary widely in terms of their benchmark asset allocation, the most important determinant of investment performance, participants enrolled in these options face significantly different wealth outcomes at retirement. This paper simulates the terminal wealth outcomes under different static asset allocation strategies to evaluate their relative appeal as default investment choice in DC plans. We find that strategies with low or moderate allocation to stocks are consistently outperformed in terms of upside potential of exceeding the participant's wealth accumulation target at retirement as well as downside risk of falling below that target outcome by aggressive strategies whose allocation to stocks approach 100%. The risk of extremely adv...

In this work, we made a presentation regarding to the Israeli pension system which was deeply reformed by passing it from a system based on Defined Benefits with huge actuarial deficits to a system based on Defined Contribution actuarial balanced. One of the major by products of this reform is the concentration of the pension market in the hands of

From 1981 to 2007, more than thirty countries worldwide fully or partially replaced their pre-existing pay-as-you-go pension systems with ones based on individual, private savings accounts in a process often labelled “pension privatization”. After the global financial crisis, this trend was put on hold for economic, ideational, and institutional reasons, despite a rise in critical indebtedness that has facilitated pension privatization in the past. Is the global trend towards pension privatization dead or in the process of being reborn, perhaps in a somewhat different form? Several recent trends point to rebirth as policy-makers scale back public and private pension systems, attend to minimum pensions and “nudge” rather than mandate people to save for retirement.

During the last decade, Argentina has faced an extended process of reform of the Pension System. It had been implemented a mixed system with a private funds scheme (PFS) and a new public pay-as-you-go system. The PFS was based on personal contributions; it addressed the effect of demographic changes improving age of retirement, and determined a defined contribution scheme plus

In this paper we model the transfers of value between the various generations in a funded pension scheme (pension fund). Value-based generational accounting is used as framework of analysis. Pension benefits and contributions may depend on the funding ratio (the ratio of assets to liabilities of the fund). Furthermore, we define explicit risk allocation rules, specifying which stakeholders, when, and