Distillation Packed Columns Design

Pemanfaatan radiasi nuklir dalam bidang industri adalah investigasi tak rusak dan diagnostik, atau yang lebih sering dikenal dengan Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). Uji tak rusak banyak dipahami masyarakat sebagai suatu metode pengujian/investigasi terhadap material produk industri dimana dalam pemeriksaannya tidak menimbulkan kerusakan bahan uji (seperti deformasi, panas, kimia, korosif, dll). Metode NDT sendiri pada dasarnya dikelompokan menjadi dua bagian, yakni yang memanfaatkan aplikasi teknologi nuklir (radiasi) dan non radiasi. Metode non radiasi yang cukup banyak digunakan adalah Ultrasonic testing (UT), Eddy Current, Magnetic Particle dan Hardness Testing. Sedangkan untuk metode yang memanfaatkan radiasi seperti radiografi, radiotracer, gamma tomografi, dan gamma scanning, merupakan teknologi yang dikembangkan oleh PAIR-BATAN. Tiap-tiap metode pengujian tentunya mempunyai keunggulan dan kelemahan, dimana kelemahan tersebut merupakan peluang riset yang harus dikembangkan.

A mixture of Benzene – Toluene with z Benz = 0.45 is fed to a distillation column with flow rate equal to 25000 kg/h (291.72 kmol/h) and inlet temperature T = 40° C. The distillation column, operating at P = 1 atm, is used to obtain two liquid streams with top benzene composition x D = 0.995 and bottom benzene composition x W = 0.002 (for every calculus see calculus sheet annex). 1. We start doing an overall mass balance to find the flow rate and the composition of the outlet products:

The separation of 2-Methoxyethanol-toluene azeotropic mixture has high practical significance in both industry and the laboratory because of their multipurpose solvating properties. However, both 2ME and toluene have adverse effects on human and animal health; therefore, researchers have become interested in their separation. A significant amount of 2-methoxyethanol-toluene forming a minimum-boiling azeotrope is discharged by the electrochemical industry. The presence of this azeotrope renders separation a challenging task. Separation techniques, namely pressure swing distillation (PSD) and azeotropic distillation (AD), have not yet been explored. In this study, these separation techniques are evaluated economically and dynamically using a wellknown commercial simulator Aspen Plus®. This study includes the development of process schematics for these alternative separation processes and economic analysis involving total annual cost (TAC) calculations. It is concluded that the heat-integrated PSD technique leads to 21.35% savings in TAC compared to previously reported techniques. Furthermore, a decentralized plant-wide control structure for a suitable separation technique is also developed and tested for ±10% throughput manipulations in fresh feed flow rate and ±5% disturbances in feed composition. This study will significantly help the process engineers overcome the challenges of handling the electrochemical industry's hazardous effluent in environmentally and economically ways.

In this paper, we developed the modeling and simulation of different phenomena produced in the plates of a distillation column. We used bond graph tool and SYMBOLS (System Modeling Bond graph Language Simulation) software. Among the various kinds of plates, we chose the distillation column that is available in the department of technology process engineering at the University of Setif (UPO3A). The system to be modeled has a nonlinear behavior due mainly to the coupling of the different phenomena of different natures. We are indeed in presence of hydraulic, chemical and thermal energy. So the elaboration of the graphical model or the analytical one is very difficult. The working of the plates is to assure a thermodynamic balance within the column. After modeling, a SYMBOLS software validate and simulate the phenomena that occur in the plates. In the simulation results, the representation of the chemical potential, temperature, molar flow and pressure of the liquid and steam phases in the column plates justified the operating of the distillation column. Results demonstrated the feasibility of simulating multicomponent distillation under unsteady state conditions with fairly good success. Further improvements were suggested for a better accuracy.

A novel active vapor distributor (AVD) was proposed to address the need for vapor split control during dividing wall column (DWC) design and operation. A DWC's energy efficiency can be significantly reduced by a small deviation in the vapor split ratio; therefore, the vapor split ratio needs to be regulated during operation. In the proposed AVD, vapor splitting was implemented by a modified chimney tray with a specially designed cap. The liquid level of the chimney tray on each end side of the dividing wall section could be adjusted to control the vapor flow split. As the proposed AVD adjusts the friction of the vapor flow path efficiently without any mechanical moving parts, it can realize a more reliable operation of a DWC. The performance of the proposed AVD was evaluated, and the results demonstrated its easy implementation and superior ability to regulate vapor flow split during DWC operation.

In this study, CO2 reactive-absorption process is modeled into the NaOH-NH3-H2O solution in an absorption column. A non-equilibrium or rate-based model is used to simulate the process performance, and the predicted results are compared with the experimental data. In this model, the steady and nonlinear film models are utilized for high and low solubility components, respectively. The average relative deviation (ARD%) is decreased from 9.73 to 4.36 by increasing the number of column stages from 20 to 60 in the simulation. On the other hand, the predicted values by the film and enhancement factor models are compared, and it was concluded that the film model was more accurate than the other. The effects of axial position through the column and initial NaOH concentration on the liquid flow rate, mole fraction of components, and temperature of the gas and liquid phases are also investigated. As a main result, the temperature of the liquid phase and the CO2 concentration in the liquid phase decrease by increasing the axial position through the column.

In this paper, we developed the modeling and simulation of different phenomena produced in the plates of a distillation column. We used bond graph tool and SYMBOLS (System Modeling Bond graph Language Simulation) software. Among the various kinds of plates, we chose the distillation column that is available in the department of technology process engineering at the University of Setif (UPO3A). The system to be modeled has a nonlinear behavior due mainly to the coupling of the different phenomena of different natures. We are indeed in presence of hydraulic, chemical and thermal energy. So the elaboration of the graphical model or the analytical one is very difficult. The working of the plates is to assure a thermodynamic balance within the column. After modeling, a SYMBOLS software validate and simulate the phenomena that occur in the plates. In the simulation results, the representation of the chemical potential, temperature, molar flow and pressure of the liquid and steam phases in the column plates justified the operating of the distillation column. Results demonstrated the feasibility of simulating multicomponent distillation under unsteady state conditions with fairly good success. Further improvements were suggested for a better accuracy.

In this study, CO 2 reactive-absorption process is modeled into the NaOH-NH 3-H 2 O solution in an absorption column. A non-equilibrium or rate-based model is used to simulate the process performance, and the predicted results are compared with the experimental data. In this model, the steady and nonlinear film models are utilized for high and low solubility components, respectively. The average relative deviation (ARD%) is decreased from 9.73 to 4.36 by increasing the number of column stages from 20 to 60 in the simulation. On the other hand, the predicted values by the film and enhancement factor models are compared, and it was concluded that the film model was more accurate than the other. The effects of axial position through the column and initial NaOH concentration on the liquid flow rate, mole fraction of components, and temperature of the gas and liquid phases are also investigated. As a main result, the temperature of the liquid phase and the CO 2 concentration in the liqui...