Dyadic Interaction

У цій статті наведено аналітичний огляд психологічних досліджень щодо структури родин із тріадними та діадними взаємовідносинами в контексті розвитку тілесного Я. Визначено роль батька у психологічно­му розвитку дитини. Надано перелік психологічних показників розвитку дитини, на які впливає присутність батька або його депривація. Перелі­чено характеристики функціонування родини у разі появи дитини. Визна­ чено оптимальні умови функціонування родини для здорового розвитку дитини й розвитку тілесного Я.

Το παρόν άρθρο περιλαμβάνει μια σύντομη ανασκόπηση της διεθνούς βιβλιογραφίας αναφορικά με την «Αναθεωρημένη Κλίμακα Δυαδικής Προσαρμογής» (Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale). Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάζονται τα κυριότερα ευρήματα που προέρχονται από την ανάλυση των απαντήσεων σε ερωτηματολόγια, τα οποία χορηγήθηκαν σε 106 έγγαμα ζευγάρια σε δύο ελληνικά αστικά κέντρα, την Αθήνα και την Λαμία. Σε γενικές γραμμές επιβεβαιώθηκε η ιεραρχική φύση της «Αναθεωρημένης Κλίμακας Δυαδικής Προσαρμογής» (RDAS) στο ελληνικό δείγμα. Η συγκεκριμένη κλίμακα αποτελείται από επτά υποκλίμακες πρώτης σειράς (first-order concepts) και από τρεις υποκλίμακες δεύτερης σειράς (3 second-order concepts). Τα ευρήματα έδειξαν ότι η «Αναθεωρημένη Κλίμακα Δυαδικής Προσαρμογής» (RDAS) βρέθηκε να έχει συνολικά χαμηλή αξιοπιστία εσωτερικής συνέπειας (Cronbach alpha) στο ελληνικό δείγμα. Ωστόσο, βρέθηκαν κάποιες στατιστικά σημαντικές συσχετίσεις ανάμεσα σε ορισμένες από τις υποκλίμακες της «Αναθεωρημένης Κλίμακας Δυαδικής Προσαρμογής» και στο φύλο, καθώς και στην ηλικία των δύο συντρόφων. Τέλος, δεν φαίνεται να υπάρχουν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφοροποιήσεις σε σχέση τόσο με το μορφωτικό επίπεδο, όσο και με την επαγγελματική ιδιότητα των ζευγαριών και τις επιμέρους υποκλίμακες της «Αναθεωρημένης Κλίμακας Δυαδικής Προσαρμογής».

Low-income families are often struggling with recurrent multiple problems, and disruptive family interactions. This exploratory longitudinal study aims to 1) described a group of families from a project neighborhood 2) evaluate a family-centered dyadicplay intervention thought to stimulate mother-child interactions and parenting skills. Semi-structured clinical interviews were conducted with 9 mothers (mean age 31) of 4 toddler boys and 5 girls (mean age 2.2), mostly from a single mother or blended families. Mothers studied 9 years or less, 78% were unemployed. Participation procedures and consent forms followed ethical standards. Measurements application and sessions occurred in a private play room in a community center. Interviews were transcribed and submitted to phenomenological (PA) and lexical analysis (LA). Mothers answered Parenting Authority Questionnaire for parents (PAQ-P) at T0/T2. The 14 weekly 50’ sessions of dyadic play intervention, were videotaped in 5’ situations 1) free play, 2) guided play, 3) the clear up task at three T and coded with DPICS. PA revealed three central themes: family life; history; parenting (family of origin, abusive relations; pregnancy; parenting behavior). Themes corroborated by LA classes: Parenting concerns/dyadic interactions; changes in family life; conflict/ trauma/ violence; family type; family day-to-day interactions. Mothers consider themselves authoritative, however authoritarian scores are above standardized mean (P90). No differences were found between assessments, still an increase tendency in mothers’ positive communication was observed. Significant differences were found between situations in Information question/answer in (1) and direct and indirect order with compliance in (2/3). Mothers, exposed themes of conflict, violence experiences and trauma, but also common parenting concerns. Mix-method provide a closer description of family reality and difficulties, relevant for implementing family-centered interventions. Although with few significant results, changes in positive communication were observed. By playing together in a secured mediated setting, mothers can experience freely pleasure in interactions, while enhancing parenting skills.

In this paper, we draw on developmental findings to provide a nuanced
understanding of background emotions, particularly those in depression. We demonstrate
how they reflect our basic proximity (feeling of interpersonal connectedness) to
others and defend both a phenomenological and a functional claim. First, we substantiate
a conjecture by Fonagy & Target (International Journal of Psychoanalysis
88(4):917–937, 2007) that an important phenomenological aspect of depression is the
experiential recreation of the infantile loss of proximity to significant others. Second, we
argue that proximity has a particular cognitive function that allows individuals to morph
into a cohesive dyadic system able to carry out distributed emotion regulation.We show
that elevated levels of psychological suffering connected to depressive background
emotions may be explained not only in terms of a psychological loss, but also as the
felt inability to enter into dyadic regulatory relations with others—an experiential
constraint that decreases the individual’s ability to adapt to demanding situations.

Eye contact is a crucial element of non-verbal communication that signiies interest, aaention, and participation in social interactions. As a result, measures of eye contact arise in a variety of applications such as the assessment of the social communication skills of children at risk for developmental disorders such as autism, or the analysis of turn-taking and social roles during group meetings. However, the automated measurement of visual aaention during naturalistic social interactions is challenging due to the diiculty of estimating a subject's looking direction from video. is paper proposes a novel approach to eye contact detection during adult-child social interactions in which the adult wears a point-of-view camera which captures an egocentric view of the child's behavior. By analyzing the child's face regions and inferring their head pose we can accurately identify the onset and duration of the child's looks to their social partner's eyes. We introduce the Pose-Implicit CNN, a novel deep learning architecture that predicts eye contact while implicitly estimating the head pose. We present a fully automated system for eye contact detection that solves the sub-problems of end-to-end feature learning and pose estimation using deep neural networks. To train our models, we use a dataset comprising 22 hours of 156 play session videos from over 100 children, half of whom are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. We report an overall precision of 0.76, recall of 0.80, and an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.79, all of which are signiicant improvements over existing methods.

Scholars across domains in psychology, physiology, and neuroscience have long been interested in the study of shared physiological experiences between people. Recent technological and analytic advances allow researchers to examine new questions about how shared physiological experiences occur. Yet comprehensive guides that address the theoretical, methodological, and analytic components of studying these processes are lacking. The goal of this article is to provide such a guide. We begin by addressing basic theoretical issues in the study of shared physiological states by presenting five guiding theoretical principles for making psychological inferences from physiological influence-the extent to which one dyad member's physiology predicts the other dyad member's physiology at a future time point. Second, keeping theoretical and conceptual concerns at the forefront, we outline considerations and recommendations for designing, implementing, and analyzing dyadic psychophysiolog...

We investigated how same-sex strangers develop latent semantic similarity (LSS)— that is, how they come to use words in the same way—in their initial interactions. In a previous study, Babcock, Ta, and Ickes found evidence suggesting that dyad members’ talking, looking, and acknowledging are important behaviors for the development of dyad-level LSS. Using a different sample of initial interactions, we replicated the major findings of Babcock et al., but found that, in both data sets, only those behaviors that introduced words into the conversation were uniquely predictive of LSS. These findings suggest that “the words may be all you need,” and that LSS might develop as effectively in non–face-to-face (i.e., computer-mediated) conversations in which only words are exchanged as in face-to-face conversations in which nonverbal behaviors are exchanged as well.

Objective: Optimism has been linked with an array of positive health outcomes at the individual level. However, researchers have not examined how a spouse's optimism might impact an individual's health. We hypothesized that being optimistic (and having an optimistic spouse) would both be associated with better health.

Methods: Participants were 3940 adults (1970 couples) from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative panel study of American adults over the age of 50. Participants were tracked for four years and outcomes included: physical functioning, self-rated health, and number of chronic illnesses. We analyzed the dyadic data using the actor–partner interdependence model.

Results: After controlling for several psychological and demographic factors, a person's own optimism and their spouse's optimism predicted better self-rated health and physical functioning (bs = .08–.25, ps < .01). More optimistic people also reported better physical functioning (b = −.11, p < .01) and fewer chronic illnesses (b = −.01, p < .05) over time. Further, having an optimistic spouse uniquely predicted better physical functioning (b = − .09, p < .01) and fewer chronic illnesses (b = − .01, p < .05) over time. The strength of the relationship between optimism and health did not diminish over time.

Conclusions: Being optimistic and having an optimistic spouse were both associated with better health. Examining partner effects is important because such analyses reveal the unique role that spouses play in promoting health. These findings may have important implications for future health interventions.

Highlights
•Optimism is associated with an array of health outcomes at the individual level.
•However, a spouse’s optimism has the potential to impact an individual’s health.
•We tested whether a spouse’s optimism impacted an individual’s health over time.
•We used data from a nationally representative sample of older U.S. adults.
•A spouse’s optimism was uniquely associated with an individual’s health over time.

Commercially available eye tracking solutions are designed to monitor one person at a time. Increasing interest in the interpersonal functions of gaze in social neuroscience has brought up the question of how to analyse gaze behaviour in ongoing social interactions and how to create gaze-contingent social stimuli [6]. In the current paper we present the implementation of a dual eye tracking system which allows to simultaneously measure two participants, engaged in gaze-based interactions while providing full experimental real time control over the behavioural data.

Commercially available eye tracking solutions are designed to monitor one person at a time. Increasing interest in the interpersonal functions of gaze in social neuroscience has brought up the question of how to analyse gaze behaviour in ongoing social interactions and how to create gaze-contingent social stimuli [6]. In the current paper we present the implementation of a dual eye tracking system which allows to simultaneously measure two participants, engaged in gaze-based interactions while providing full experimental real time control over the behavioural data.

The development of robots that can physically cooperate with humans has attained interest in the last decades. Obviously, this effort requires a deep understanding of the intrinsic properties of interaction. Up to now, many researchers have focused on inferring human intents in terms of intermediate or terminal goals in physical tasks. On the other hand, working side by side with people, an autonomous robot additionally needs to come up with in-depth information about underlying haptic interaction patterns that are typically encountered during human-human cooperation. However, to our knowledge, no study has yet focused on characterizing such detailed information. In this sense, this work is pioneering as an effort to gain deeper understanding of interaction patterns involving two or more humans in a physical task. We present a labeled human-human-interaction dataset, which captures the interaction of two humans, who collaboratively transport an object in an haptics-enabled virtual environment. In the light of information gained by studying this dataset, we propose that the actions of cooperating partners can be examined under three interaction types: In any cooperative task, the interacting humans either 1) work in harmony, 2) cope with conflicts, or 3) remain passive during interaction. In line with this conception, we present a taxonomy of human interaction patterns; then propose five different feature sets, comprising force-, velocity-and power-related information, for the classification of these patterns. Our evaluation shows that using a multi-class support vector machine (SVM) classifier, we can accomplish a correct classification rate of 86 percent for the identification of interaction patterns, an accuracy obtained by fusing a selected set of most informative features by Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) feature selection method.

Background: Movements are basic units of preverbal communicational skills. Aim: To describe mother-child dyads body dialogues (6-18 months) during feeding time; to develop an instrument of observation and to apply it in two Chilean cultures. Methods: 48 dyads were video-recorded and  (29 urban; 19 Rural Mapuche) emerging three principal Body Act categories. Results: Significant differences were found in rural Mapuche dyads on: collaborative and conflict communication (F= 4,668; p=,036); Recognition Acts (F=4,077; p=,049) Organic Retentive Acts (F=5,344; p=,025). In urban dyads: Passive Acts (F=7,509; p=,009); Collaborative acts (F= 14,250; p=,000). Caregiver age, educational level, child abuse antecedents and infant birth weight made significant differences in the communicational styles. Conclusions: A communication analysis system is presented based on body acts. The emerged categories are associated with Cultural variables, Medicare, Education and mother's Mental Health.

Transformative guidelines for the church from Luke 14: People are more important than rules and boundaries

It has been shown by scholars that Mediterranean culture of the first century exhibits certain distinctive characteristics in personality type and in concomitant social behaviour. Generally speaking, Mediterranean people can be described as of the interdependent personality type as opposed to the independent type of the modem Western world. The New
Testament as a collection of documents reflects the values that prevailed at the time of writing. More importantly, each of these documents reflects an interpretive evaluation of past events for contemporary society, and at the same time intrinsically contains a vision for the future. In this article I wish to explore the implications of the Gospel of Luke's transformational guidelines for the church leaders of his day. His vision for the future of the church, I believe, can be presented in the form of the conviction: People are more important than rules and boundaries.

Integrating family systems, symbolic interactionism, and Sternberg’s (1986) triangle theory of love, this study dyadically analyzed the relationship between feelings of love toward the partner on the person’s own and partner’s sexual satisfaction. Daily data from 89 mixed-sex distinguishable dyads were collected over 30 continuous days. APIM results suggested statistical positive relationship between experiencing love for the partner on a person’s own as well as their partner’s sexual satisfaction. There were no statistically significant differences between men and women on the magnitude of the effects. Results of the study are informative for researchers, counselors, educators, therapists, and other practitioners.

We presented a modified procedure of the functional labeling technique as an educational tool. The standard labeling procedure is a persuasion strategy that consists of assigning a label to a person (e.g, trait, attitude) in order to obtain a behavior consistent with that label. Participants (N = 54) were psychology undergraduates gathered in dyads that performed a text reading exercise in a natural classroom setting. Prior to the exercise, and unlike the standard procedure, these pairs were the target of the label instead of individually addressed labels. Each pair was verbally labeled either with an approach-oriented statement (positive labeling condition) or an avoidance-oriented statement (negative labeling condition) instead of the direct verbal formulation in the standard procedure. The control group was treated as if they were in a non-interventional setting. Performance of each dyad was measured based on a grading rubric including the following dependent variables: 1. Quality of paraphrasing 2. Comprehension 3. Participation 4. Correct answers. Results revealed a robust effect of functional labeling on participants' performance for all four measures with significantly better scores obtained by the pairs labeled with a positive (i.e., approach-oriented) statement compared to the pairs labeled with a negative (i.e., avoidance-oriented) statement. The results also indicated that avoidance-oriented functional labeling has a detrimental effect on performance since pairs in this condition didn't perform better than the control pairs. This extends results of a previous study where the best performance was obtained in the attribution condition, to the case of small groups (i.e., dyads).

... Titre du document / Document title. Allgemeine Gynäkologie. Besonderheiten beim Umgang mitmuslimischen Frauen in der Praxis. Auteur(s) / Author(s). Yüksel Emine (1) ; Yüksel-Sökmen Özlem ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s). (1) Berlin ...