Ethnographic Studies

In this article we present an ethnomethodological study of a controversial case of ‘friendly fire’ from the Iraq War in which leaked video footage, war on video, acquired particular significance. We examine testimony given during a United States Air Force (USAF) investigation of the incident alongside transcribed excerpts from the video to make visible the methods employed by the investigators to assess the propriety of the actions of the pilots involved. With a focus on the way in which the USAF investigators pursued their own analysis of language-in-use in their discussions with the pilots about what had been captured on the video, we turn attention to the background expectancies that analytical work was grounded in. These ‘vernacular’ forms of video analysis and the expectancies which inform them constitute, we suggest, an inquiry into military culture from within that culture. As such, attending to them provides insights into that culture.

Qualitative research provides opportunities to study bullying and peer harassment as social processes, interactions and meaning-making in the everyday context of particular settings. It offers the possibility of developing a deep understanding of the culture and group processes of bullying and the participants’ perspectives on peer harassment as well. It gives participants opportunities to discuss their own understanding and experiences of bullying in their own words. This article reviews qualitative studies on bullying or peer harassment in school (including some studies in which qualitative and quantitative methods — so-called mixed methods — have been used).

_The Physiology of Love and Other Writings_ is the first English annotated collection of Mantegazza’s selected works. In my extensive introductory essay, Mantegazza’s hybrid contributions from fiction, travel-writing, and ethnography to physiology, medicine, and politics are reevaluated as instances of a proto-cultural-studies approach attuned to the cross-fertilization of disciplines and the circulation of ideas in a period of European intellectual history that defied the notion of specialization.
Table of contents:
The Physiology of Love
And Selections from:
On The Hygienic and Medicinal Virtues of the Coca Plant and on Nervine Nourishment in General
One Day in Madeira
A Voyage to Lapland with my Friend Stephen Sommier
India
Epicurus: Essay in a Physiology of the Beautiful
The Neurosic Century
The Tartuffe Century
Head: Or, Sowing Ideas to Create New Deeds
Political Memoirs of a Foot Soldier in the Italian Parliament
The Year 3000: A Dream
The Psychology of Translation

انها مقدمة لكتاب  "الاولياء والمزارات الاسلامية في فلسطين"  للدكتور توفيق كنعان، والذي صدر باللغة الانجليزية سنة 1927، بعد نشره كسلسلة من المقالات على صفحات مجلة الاستشراق الفلسطينة. وقام الباحث الفلسطيني  د. نمر سرحان على ترجمته الى اللغة العريبة، وكان لي شرف تحريره وكتابة مقدمته. وقد صدر الكتاب ضمن منشورات  وزارة الثقافة الفلسطينية سنة 1998،  ورغم النواقص الناتجة عن العجلة في اصدار الترجمة العربية كغياب الفهارس والضبط الاضافي فقد سد هذا الكتاب نقصا ملموسا في المكتبة العربية حول هذا الموضوع. ويعتبر هذا الكتاب بلا شك  حجر الزواية في دراسة ظاهرة الاولياء والمزارات الاسلامية في فلسطين.

[By Chang-su Cho Houchins; Introduction by P.M. Taylor. This full book is uploaded here while the Smithsonian website, where it will be published online, is being revised.] The John Baptiste Bernadou Collection of nineteenth-century Korean artifacts, so thoroughly researched and presented by Chang-su Cho Houchins in this volume, represents a unique attempt by an amateur American ethnographer to record the material culture of the Korean people at a critical moment in Korea's long cultural history. John Baptiste Bernadou (1858- 1908) assembled this collection from March 1884 to April 1885 as an attache (or envoy) of the Smithsonian Institution. Both Bernadou and the Smithsonian recognized that a new opportunity to record Korean cultural heritage using the methods of nineteenth-century museum science had emerged along with the "opening" of Korea heralded by the signing in 1882 of the first Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Kingdom of Korea and the United States of America. Long known as the "Hermit Kingdom'' for its pre-1880s isolation, Korea, or at least many of the Kingdom's elite citizens, wholeheartedly began a period of openness to the outside world as a result of the exchanges initiated by this accord.
The breadth of this collection, including everyday household furniture and utensils, textiles, clothing and accessories, ceramics, handicrafts, paintings, prints and drawings, books, maps, and musical instruments, allows a unique glimpse of pre-industrial Korean life. The catalog of the Bernadou Collection presented in this volume includes Bernadou's notes {and, in the Appendices, selected correspondence from him), but it reinterprets the collection based on Chang-su Cho Houchins's careful study of the objects in light of more recent methods and current scholarship in this field.

Indigenous healthcare practices played as an integral part of human evolution and development since ancient times and have been exercised in every culture around the world.Traditional knowledge and practices from Yapayao-Isneg had sustained their communities long before Westernization had any significant impact. However, they are affected by different environmental factors, especially when it comes to medical practices that affect their beliefs and traditions. This descriptive-ethnographic research was to determine the traditional health care practices and beliefs among the Yapayao living in Adams, Ilocos Norte. Informants were nine (9) elders of the Yapayao tribe. Findings revealed that throughout the life cycle, they once operated distinctly primitive health care practices, which are primarily affected by their beliefs and traditions. However, most of their old beliefs and practices are influenced by modernization. It only implies that the Yapayao are receptive to changes that may affect their way of living. More so, the government health care and educational support in their community significantly affect their present way of living. In their community, the local government discouraged them from doing their old health care practices, explicitly giving birth for safety and hygienic purposes. Despite the changes and influence of modernization on health care practices, few Yapayao still practicing their traditional exercises.

Volumul propune o recitire critică a tradiţiei etnografice ca analiză antropologică a contextelor istorice în care s-a format această tradiție. Sunt interpretate dimensiunile ideologice ale societăţii şi culturii „prinse” în această istorie şi „surprinse” prin descrierile etnografice locale; sunt discutate, apoi, modalitățile de înnoire efectivă a etnografiei locale româneşti. Aceste „direcții” de înnoire sunt ilustrate prin trei proiecte personale: un studiu non-tradițional pe un teren tradițional („satul românesc”), un studiu non-tradițional pe un teren non-tradițional (într-o „cultură străină”) și un proiect de traducere din antropologia occidentală ca perspectivă non-tradițională asupra temelor antropologice românești. Principala contribuție teoretico-metodologică a volumului o constituie perspectiva meta-etnografică, de evaluare a acestei tradiții discursive și a acestor proiecte, ca analiză reflexivă, textuală, experimentală și critică (adică utilizând achiziţii ale „noilor teorii etnografice”), şi ca „punere la lucru a etnografiei” ca activitate nouă, atât ca cercetare cât şi ca scriere.

In this article we present an ethnomethodological study of a controversial case of 'friendly fire' from the Iraq War in which leaked video footage, war on video, acquired particular significance. We examine testimony given during a United States Air Force (USAF) investigation of the incident alongside transcribed excerpts from the video to make visible the methods employed by the investigators to assess the propriety of the actions of the pilots involved. With a focus on the way in which the USAF investigators pursued their own analysis of language-in-use in their discussions with the pilots about what had been captured on the video, we turn attention to the background expectancies that analytical work was grounded in. These 'vernacular' forms of video analysis and the expectancies which inform them constitute, we suggest, an inquiry into military culture from within that culture. As such, attending to them provides insights into that culture.

El estudio de la correspondencia entre los antropólogos Alfred Métraux (1902-1963) y Jules Henry (1904-1969) nos permite reconstruir la trastienda de la etnología chaqueña durante la década de 1930. Las cartas de ambos investigadores entre sí, como también aquellas otras dirigidas a diversas personalidades de su ámbito profesional (Ruth Benedict, Paul Rivet, John Arnott, Enrique Palavecino, etc.), ponen de manifiesto la operación cotidiana de las redes académicas, la maquinaria
logística del trabajo de campo, las opiniones descarnadas de Métraux sobre la academia o el mundo cultural argentino, las reacciones adversas de Henry ante el consejo de su interlocutor o bien la visión del antropólogo suizo sobre los misioneros anglicanos, los indígenas chaqueños y las instituciones científicas internacionales, revelando matices inesperados de la «cultura y personalidad» de ambos antropólogos. Palabras clave: Chaco; Historia de la antropología; Alfred Métraux; Jules Henry.
SUMMARY - The study of the correspondence between anthropologists Alfred Métraux (1902-1963) and Jules Henry (1904-1969) helps us to reconstruct the background to Chaco ethnology during the decade of the 1930s. The letters between Métraux and Henry, and between both of them and several academic correspondents (Ruth Benedict, Paul Rivet, John Arnott, Enrique Palavecino, etc.), show the daily operation of academic networks, the logistics machinery of ethnographic fieldwork, Métraux’s stark opinions about Argentinian academic and cultural milieu, Henry’s adverse reaction to his correspondent’s advice and Métraux’s thoughts on indigenous peoples, Anglican missionaries and international scientific institutions. In the process, they reveal unexpected nuances of the «culture and personality» of both anthropologists. Key words: Chaco; History of Anthropology; Alfred Métraux; Jules Henry.

Los documentales que aquí ofrecemos retratan cuatro culturas musicales en movimiento: la wixarika o huichola, de Jalisco; la cultura pa ipai, de Baja California; la yoreme o yaqui, de Sonora, y la ñuu savi o mixteca, de Oaxaca. La serie consiste en cuatro programas independientes entre sí, pero que son representativos de culturas dinámicas, que si bien guardan celosamente sus raíces ancestrales, también se aventuran y proponen cambios importantes en su tradición musical. Los grupos y personajes expuestos en cada uno de los documentales no han sido escogidos al azar: se trata de personas y agrupaciones que interpretan la diversidad musical indígena contemporánea, que han tenido un papel relevante en la difusión de las nuevas expresiones musicales de su cultura. Cada una ha vivido un desarrollo diferente. En algunos casos, el mestizaje musical se ha mostrado de manera continua, por ejemolo, los ñuu savi; en otros, esta mezcla ha sido muy reciente, por lo menos en lo que concierne a la interpretación de géneros incorporados a la música indígena. En los ejemplos investigados se advierte cómo estas comunidades han aprovechado diversas instancias del mundo urbano y de la cultura occidental para abrirse paso y difundir su cultura, que dialoga tanto con el mundo mestizo como con el proceso de mundialización más allá de sus fronteras. Cada uno de estos músicos transita entre su cultura, identidad y tradición, así como entre los valores occidentales, la mercadotécnia y los medios masivos. Las personas retratadas aquí, así como muchos otros músicos indígenas en el territorio mexicano, asumen una forma particular de ese ir y venir generalmente encontrando, inventando y asimilando propuestas sonoras, estéticas, identitarias y espirituales con una coherencia propia. Así, los músicos indígenas abren cada vez más sus puertas y sensibilidades a nuevas influencias. De la misma manera, la sociedad mestiza se ha cubierto de prácticas indígenas, a veces sin tener conciencia de ello o sin advertir el proceso auditivo e identitario que circula en su concepción cultural, que en el caso de los pueblos indígenas se arraiga a menudo como una identidad que en la jerga fronteriza se denomina “persistente”. Con estos cortos documentales queremos difundir una dinámica vibrante y sumamente variada de un amplio diálogo intercultural, de una reinvención constante de la música como expresión de ideas, de valores, de gustos y de diversión. Son cuadros que abren los ojos a las formas en que los pueblos indígenas y el mundo mestizo de México se encuentran, se reconocen, intercambian saberes, conocimiento e innovaciones, y hasta bailan juntos.
Miguel Olmos Aguilera

This chapter relates my efforts to regard several plants as ethnographic subjects, a project that proceeded rather awkwardly at first, then developed some momentum. I settled on the “how to” format because I hope my approach proves useful to others and also conveys the experimental aspect of this undertaking. My ethnographic project involved the usual steps: read the literature, find a site, proceed to analyze, and so on. The shift comes in trying to account for life forms directly, rather than their representations in human knowledge systems. It seems to me that multispecies ethnography fundamentally must narrate life—that is, describe and analyze life forms in their social relations. I attempt that here, partly by accessing the expertise of botanists, but also by turning toward “thin description,” an approach that shifts away from ethnography’s traditional investment in “thick description.” This is the final chapter of Care of the Species: Races of Corn and the Science of Plant Biodiversity

Starting from the diachronic impact of salt on humanity's numerous activities and spiritual reflexes, the author calls for establishing a new humanist discipline: the anthropology of salt. This first exertion lists the themes developed around salt and the sciences/disciplines involved primarily or sectorially in researching this mineral. The anthropology of salt is a discipline of the future, which will gradually become autonomous as the inter-and trans-disciplinary approaches to common salt will prevail over the mono-or multidisciplinary ones.

A survey of ethnographic collections with a “colonial context” shows almost exclusively male collectors' names including a few indigenous collectors. But were women really not involved in contemporary collecting? Using the example of a few selected Indigenous and German female collectors who collected in North and South America in the 19th century, The contribution shows that
- mentioning them by name did not seem significant or that they were simply forgotten;
- the women mainly collected through their husbands' professional positions, and that they had exclusively male clients;
- they developed their own criteria and methods of collecting, taking into account ethical reservations and, if necessary, enforced them against husbands and male clients.
Even if names of female collectors are rare in the inventories, a higher number of unreported cases can be assumed. Provenance research must therefore also develop an awareness of the need to identify women as collectors and their role in collecting.
With the examples of: Elisabeth von Wrangel (Alaska), Estefánia de Broner (Mexico), Odile Morison (Canada), Cäcilie Sachs (Mexiko), Elly von Kuhlmann (Guatemala).

This article examines the material culture of migration, focusing on migrants’ house-making projects in their countries of birth. In particular, it examines the houses built or refurbished by Albanians in their home-country, which is no longer their place of permanent residence. This is a widespread phenomenon in Albania, but it is also a frequently appearing practice amongst other international migrants. Why do migrants living outside their home-countries build houses there even though they do not plan to return? I seek to answer this question in the case of Albania by focusing empirically on the process of constructing these houses, rather than merely on the material entity of the house
as such. I propose that such ‘house-making’ by Albanian migrants is not only a simple house-building process; it also ensures a constant dwelling and dynamic ‘proxy’ presence for
migrants in their community of origin. These ethnographic observations have further significance for the anthropological study of both houses and international migration.

In this article, I discuss the fact that doing “anthropology at home” involves the same core anthropological methodology as undertaking research abroad. This implies that while doing anthropology at home may have some advantages concerning field practicalities but is equally challenging. There are certain ethical and methodological essentials involved in every anthropological research undertaking. Through my personal experiences of conducting ethnography in Pakistan, I explain that doing anthropology at home does not make exceptions for the researcher in terms of these ethical and methodological aspects.

Contemporary Anthropology of Religion is proudly sponsored by the Society for the Anthropology of Religion,. and is co-edited by Don Seeman and Tulasi Srinivas. We seek proposals for ethnographic monographs and edited volumes that contribute broadly to the anthropological study of religious experience, cultures and practice, as well as innovative interdisciplinary works. Please see our flier for more details!

The aim of this study is to investigate and explain inconsistencies within the social constructions of school rules as they take shape in everyday interactions between teachers and students, and to explore how students interpret these inconsistencies. An ethnographic study is conducted in two primary schools in Sweden. According to the findings, implicit rules, i.e., unarticulated supplements or exceptions, can, at least in part, explain inconsistencies in teachers’ efforts to uphold explicit school rules to the explicit rules. Nevertheless, rule inconsistency and unarticulated implicit rules appear to create rule diffusion, which, in turn, creates a prediction loss among students. They cannot always predict what will be appropriate behaviour in particular situations, and how teachers will react to their behaviour. Furthermore, this appears to result in a negotiation loss for students. They cannot openly discuss and negotiate on rules if they are unaware of such rules.

During Mussolini’s fascist regime, the Atlante internazionale del Touring Club Italiano published in Milan (1927-1938) and too in Barcelona (1930-1935), and widely recognised far beyond the borders of Italy, included among its plates two maps of European ethnic groups. The makers of the TCI’s atlas passed on to us a specific approach to determine the kind of collective that ought to be considered an ethnic group. The enigmatic second reprint of the fifth edition (1938) was inexplicably not accompanied by the symbolic features required by the Italian fascist authorities, but, after World War II started, the new version of the “Europa etnografica” map – on a 1:12.000.000 scale –  clearly showed the changes that occurred in the political context.
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This book contributes significantly to the conversation about inclusion as a critical component of school culture. Educating All recounts
Christopher McMaster’s experience as a critical ethnographer in a school community, given the task of not only studying the institution’s
culture, but of creating change as well. The school used a whole-school framework known as the Index for Inclusion, which addressed students
identified as having «special» or learning needs. The outcome of this process was the realization that the faculty and the system were not
adequately providing optimum services to «special needs» students. By incorporating the special needs unit into a larger department and by
utilizing it as a teaching center rather than a classroom, the staff and school leadership were able to produce a better alignment of value and
practice and to provide a re-interpretation of just what is meant by «mainstream».

This book examines the Singapore government’s controversial practice of recruiting students from China and granting them full scholarships on the condition of a service “bond”. It offers detailed ethnographic accounts of the Chinese “foreign talent” students’ educational and cross-cultural experiences in Singapore to illustrate the complex intersections between international mobility and educational desire. In doing so, the book presents contemporary Singapore society’s concerns over immigration and cross-cultural encounters from a unique perspective.

In early 2017, a combined team of faculty members and students from King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang (KMITL) and Ball State University (BSU), U.S.A., conducted a three-week field study in three neighborhoods around Si Satchanalai Historical Park, one of UNESCO World Heritage sites in Thailand. Drawing on the concepts of Coordination, Cooperation, and Collaboration (3Cs), the Thai and foreign students jointly created several spatial maps to record their encounters with the livelihood—along with artistic and architectural heritages, as well as social and cultural practices—in Nong O, Sarachit, and Dong Khu sub-districts in Sukhothai province.

The abovementioned activities supplied the contextual basis for this research to assess the pedagogical efficacy of learning from real-life experiences via the spatial mapping projects in those communities. Informed by Bloom’s taxonomies of learning, the upcoming evaluative discussions contained a series of independent
sample t-tests, utilizing a number of questionnaires and surveys for collecting data to construct a content model in terms of comparative studies between the KMITL and BSU members.

In effect, the statistical inquiries disclosed that not only did the participants advance their cross-cultural interactions and understanding with each other, but also gained a higher body of knowledge apart from developing many crucial skills, such as critical and creative thinking capabilities. The qualitative investigations further exhibited that the 2017 KMITL-BSU fieldwork contributed several scholarly improvements, resulting
in academic achievements by the partakers from both universities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and generate a grounded theory on how and why students behave as they do in school situations in which they witness another student in distress. Fieldwork and interviews were conducted in 2 Swedish elementary schools and guided by a grounded theory approach. The study resulted in a grounded theory of moral frames in bystander situations in school. In this study, 5 main moral frames of school have been identified: (a) the moral construction of the good student, (b) institutionalized moral disengagement, (c) tribe caring, (d) gentle caring-girl morality, and (e) social-hierarchy-dependent morality. The study highlights how moral action is generally inhibited by the conformity fostered in school settings and by moral dilemmas constructed by the moral frames. A revised model of bystander behavior adapted to the school context is also presented.

Известные у русских и у народов, живущих по соседству с ними, обряды поклонения воде и ритуального её "одаривания", ещё толком не изученные, требуют большего внимания со стороны исследователей. Предварительно же можно заключить, что они были проявлением народно-православной обрядности (по крайней мере, у русских).

The John Baptiste Bernadou Collection of nineteenth-century Korean artifacts, so thoroughly researched and presented by Chang-su Cho Houchins in this volume, represents a unique attempt by an amateur American ethnographer to record the material culture of the Korean people at a critical moment in Korea's long cultural history. John Baptiste Bernadou (1858- 1908) assembled this collection from March 1884 to April 1885 as an attache (or envoy) of the Smithsonian Institution. [...] Both Bernadou and the Smithsonian recognized that a new opportunity to record Korean cultural heritage using the methods of nineteenth-century museum science had emerged along with the "opening" of Korea heralded by the signing in 1882 of the first Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Kingdom of Korea and the United States of America.
    Long known as the "Hermit Kingdom'' for its pre-1880s isolation, Korea, or at least many of the Kingdom's elite citizens, wholeheartedly began a period of openness to the outside world as a result of the exchanges initiated by this accord.

We have been conducting collaborative ethnographic research together for over 20 years. Over the past 12 months, this collaboration has included face-to-face encounters, both in Kampala, Uganda, and in Perth, Australia. However, since the advent of COVID-19-related 'lockdowns' in our respective countries, our engagements have been conducted exclusively over online platforms, including WhatsApp, Facebook and - increasingly - Zoom. In this article, we reflect upon our shared experience of conducting ethnography through this platform as a tool for understanding the effects of the pandemic in Uganda. We argue that, despite all kinds of material constraints (at both ends), Zoom has much to offer the ethnographer particularly because it can generate an intimate understanding of experience and time. However, against this advantage, some aspects of social life remain beyond the range of its channels, for which an assemblage of additional methods are required. We finish by reflecting upon what these methods have contributed to our long-term study of emergent cultures of mobility in Uganda - a study which is now being conducted in an ostensible context of immobility.

In this paper, we explore an interaction between a competitive 'Counter Strike: Global Offensive' player and her younger brother, whom she is tutoring in his first match in competitive mode. At least two phenomena, intertwined with each other, are prominent in this data excerpt. One is the boy's consistent orientation to his sister's instructions, accountable and observable through the work of following them. The other one deals with the intricacies and overlaps of Lebenswelt (life-world) and Spielwelt (game-world) time, and how these apparently different temporalities constitute a temporal whole. Analysis suggests that communication in this instructional setting is grounded in gestalt-contextures that embrace multiple embodied forms of interaction such as talk, gesture, gaze, as well as in-game elements (such as rules to follow and goals to achieve), and how important is the re-specification of those elements as a set, not as a mere sum of individual pieces. Moreover, it is discussed how, while in a gameplay context, players use their common-sense reasoning and practices to elaborate strategies and develop skills necessary to successfully reach their goals.

Este trabajo analiza la relación entre Alfred Métraux y los indígenas tobas y pilagás del Oeste formoseño en 1933. Se detallan las peculiares circunstancias sociopolíticas que enmarcan las campañas de terreno del joven antropólogo: los problemas suscitados por la penosa situación económica en la Universidad de Tucumán, la Guerra del Chaco entre Bolivia y Paraguay (1932-1935), la ineludible relación con las misiones anglicanas de la South American Missionary Society y la tensa situación fronteriza entre Argentina y Paraguay. A través del entrecruzamiento de cartas personales, textos publicados y fuentes orales y escritas, se propone analizar pues el contexto general de las primeras campañas etnográficas de Métraux en el Gran Chaco. [Palabras clave: Métraux, Misioneros, Guerra, Indígenas, Gran Chaco.]
War-time Mission: Alfred Métraux in the Pilcomayo. The paper analyses the relationship between Alfred Métraux and the Toba and Pilagá peoples of Western Formosa (Argentina) during 1933. The peculiar sociopolitical circumstances that encompassed Métraux’s fieldwork are detailed: the logistical problems due to the feeble economic situation of University of Tucumán, the Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay (1932-1935), the inescapable relationship with the Anglican settlements of the South American Missionary Society and the tense situation on the national frontier between Argentina and Paraguay. By combining personal letters, published texts and oral and written sources, the paper aims to reconstruct the general context of the first ethnographic experiences of Métraux in the Gran Chaco. [key words: Métraux, Missionaries, War, Indigenous groups, Gran Chaco.]

The aim of this qualitative case study is to investigate how learning in “democratic participation” is constituted by the social interaction and conversation pattern in school democratic meetings in a Swedish primary school. According to the findings, a pupil control discourse and the Initiation-Response-Evaluation pattern dominates the conversations. The teacher initiates by asking a question, the pupils respond by answering the question, and then the teacher evaluates that response. The findings show no discursive shift from traditional classroom talk to democratic deliberative talk. Instead there is an emphasis on the “right answers” and subordinating authorities rather than deliberative dialogue and democratic participation, which influences pupils to adopt a naïve or a cynical attitude to democracy.

L’orientation générale du numéro consiste à examiner le son / bruit en termes de mobilisation dans les activités sociales, et à considérer la manière dont les processus sonores émergent en situation. Les acteurs ne se limitent pas à en parler mais en exploitent aussi les propriétés fondamentales pour organiser leur conduite et définir des contextes de sens et d’action. Les articles rassemblés s’agencent en un ensemble d’ethnographies plaçant le sonore dans le champ de l’expérience perceptuelle et pragmatique. « L’environnement sonore est trop souvent perçu comme nuisance sonore. Or, un bruit peut être positif, être rassurant, faire du lien social. » (Augoyard). Néanmoins, analyser les manifestations sonores dans une perspective sociale et phénoménologique reste largement minoritaire parmi les recherches académiques. Etant donné l’importance des recherches quantitatives liées notamment à la médecine du travail, il nous a semblé utile d’en rappeler quelques éléments dans la présente introduction. Nous évoquerons ainsi, dans un premier temps, comment les bruits ambiants sont généralement abordés en termes de nuisances, de gênes passagères ou de pollutions sonores exprimables (entretiens, questionnaires) et / ou mesurables en décibels. Dans un second temps, nous rappellerons la pertinence de contextualiser la question du sonore et présenterons les perspectives qui sont ouvertes par les contributions de ce numéro.

As an anthropologist I have devoted myself to exploring the cultural landscapes of the American Hemisphere on a quest to recover my American Indian heritage. As a photographer I seek the spirit of the elders through the art of the imaginary. In recent years, however, I have been jolted from complacency by the extent to which globalization has wrecked the traditions, peoples, and places of the human condition, and thereby, the collective memory I have so long sought to capture through the eyes of the ancestors. It is from within this juggernaut of globalization that a new phoenix has arisen from the ashes into the light through the art, vision, and humanity of photographer Jan C. Schlegel of Nuremberg, Germany. Available from http://jan-schlegel-photography.squarespace.com/shop/ See also http://www.bernheimer.com/photography/en/exhibition/paris-photo-2016

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Foreword by Rubén G. Mendoza
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From the Germans of Danzig (now Gdansk, in Poland) to the Turks of Rhodes: the «Europa etnografica» map (1:6.000.000) of the Atlante internazionale del TCI (1st ed., 1927). For a later version of this map (3rd ed., 1929) you can see www.davidrumsey.com