Experience of Work

Today, no one is safe from forces and pressures, which are exerted on it, because of a significant number of the requirements in particular as regards competitiveness, the need for change, or the crises and the deregulations. In front of the economic and social turbulences which we know, the creation of new company appears as a cause of general interest. This research papers focuses on the problematic of the entrepreneurship, and more particularly on the stake which this domain represents in our society, by treating the determinants of the entrepreneurial intention. To face this news gives, students must reconsider their behaviors and their practices to renew themselves, to open out and reinforce their position in the market. Some of these practices form what one calls the entrepreneurial orientation. For this reason, we will devote this paper for better encircling and apprehending the concept of individual factors, and we tried to know how the individual factors (motivations, need ...

Num contexto global, muitos fenómenos têm assumido um especial interesse por parte dos investigadores e dos agentes locais. Um aspeto que tem ganho um crescente interesse na literatura prende-se na influência do género no acesso aos cargos de liderança. Verifica-se que a maioria das empresas é de pequena dimensão, possuindo um conjunto restrito de recursos humanos e focalizando os seus recursos num contexto local. Mesmo assim, constata-se que não há propriamente a existência de um clima justo para ambos os géneros. As mulheres tendem a exercer os cargos menos relevantes num seio empresarial e os homens ocupam os cargos de chefia. Este artigo baseia-se numa aprofundada revisão de literatura acerca dos conceitos de liderança e género, procurando realçar as principais variáveis que são abordadas, bem como os resultados que têm sido destacados nas principais publicações. Pretendem-se destacar, igualmente, estudos futuros e recomendações que tenham como base as principais conclusões deste artigo.

The jury is still out on the measurable influence of working from home on worker ‘productivity’. There is a minority of knowledge workers though, who cannot work at home at all. For many, libraries of cafes serve as inclusive, accessible, and virtually free public workplaces. The experience of losing the ability to work in such places under strict pandemic lockdown serves as a point of departure for reflection on sociographic storytelling and a critique of the rising interest in autoethnography. The text is complemented by a photographic essay shot in the Warsaw University Library in May 2021.

The paper includes a reflection on compositional and literary aspects of writing sociology, cases and workshop advice found in seminal works and remarks on recent technological developments in academic tools.
Possibilities of introducing audio-visual research techniques into biographical research are also explored, as well as prospects for taking into account the new audio-visual digital online forms of autobiographical expression.

These remarks will be grounded mainly in a study based on narrative autobiographical interviews on becoming a renown contemporary visual artist. In order to showcase some of the discussed strategies of enhancing sociographic story-telling, the paper includes fragments of an autoethnographic account as well as a photographic essay on doing research and teaching during the pandemic lockdown.

"In 1983, the artist Daniel Spoerri created "Lunch on the Grass", a work designed to be excavated decades later. between archeology and contemporary art ...

En 1983, le plasticien Daniel Spoerri crée "Le déjeuner sous l'herbe", une oeuvre conçue pour être fouillée quelques décennies plus tard entre archéologie et art contemporain..."

Very few leaders are born: most need experience and the earlier one starts, the better. But, if leaders need exposure, they must seek or be presented with a wide variety of work experiences and truly learn from these. This précis discusses how effective leaders learn, distinguishes social and personal contexts of learning, and illustrates theory with a quick example.

Today, no one is safe from forces and pressures, which are exerted on it, because of a significant number of the requirements in particular as regards competitiveness, the need for change, or the crises and the deregulations. In front of the economic and social turbulences which we know, the creation of new company appears as a cause of general interest. This research papers focuses on the problematic of the entrepreneurship, and more particularly on the stake which this domain represents in our society, by treating the determinants of the entrepreneurial intention. To face this news gives, students must reconsider their behaviors and their practices to renew themselves, to open out and reinforce their position in the market. Some of these practices form what one calls the entrepreneurial orientation. For this reason, we will devote this paper for better encircling and apprehending the concept of individual factors, and we tried to know how the individual factors (motivations, need for accomplishment, need for autonomy, passion to develop its own idea, individual characteristics, work experience, teaching) can influence the intention of the entrepreneur to create his own project. We focused on review literature through a survey of a sample of students from the Higher Institute of Business Administration of Sfax (Tunisia). KEYWORDS individual factors, motivational, need for achievement, need for autonomy, passion to develop its own idea, individual characteristics, work experience, teaching, intention.

Objective: We investigated the risk factors for falls when egressing from agricultural tractors, analyzing the role played by worked hours, work experience, opera-tors' behavior, and near misses. Background: Many accidents occur within the agricultural sector each year. Among them, falls while dismounting the tractor represent a major source of injuries. Previous studies pointed out frequent hazardous movements and incorrect behaviors adopted by operators to exit the tractor cab. However, less is known about the determinants of such behaviors. In addition, near misses are known to be important predictors of accidents, but they have been under-investigated in the agricultural sector in general and as concerns falls in particular. Method: A questionnaire assessing dismounting behaviors, previous accidents and near misses, and partici-pants' relation with work was administered to a sample of Italian tractor operators (n = 286). Results: A mediated model showed that worked hours increase unsafe behaviors, whereas work experience decreases them. Unsafe behaviors in turn show a positive association with accidents, via the mediation of near misses. Conclusions: We gave a novel contribution to the knowledge of the chain of events leading to fall accidents in the agricultural sector, which is one of the most hazardous industries. Applications: Besides tractor design improvements, preventive training interventions may focus on the redesign of the actual working strategies and the adoption of engaging training methods in the use of machinery to optimize the learning of safety practices and safe behaviors.

Individuals with adaptive expertise possess the skills to deal with novel problems. Whereas this concept has been around since the mid-1980s, no instrument exists that provides a good operationalization of the theoretical construct. This inhibits the further development of research on adaptive expertise and the evaluation of employees’ adaptive expertise levels. Adaptive expertise has been unanimously described as a composition of domain-specific and innovative skills. Some researchers argue that metacognitive skills are also crucial. This study aimed to establish whether an instrument measuring adaptive expertise is composed of these three dimensions. In addition, it was tested whether such an instrument is influenced by task variety and work experience, as previously reported in literature. A sample of 383 professionals and graduates were used to test the Adaptive Expertise Inventory. Through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), (E/CFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the quality of the instrument was evaluated. Good model fit was achieved. The final instrument consisted of two dimensions—i.e., domain-specific and innovative skills—with five items each. Regression analysis showed that not work experience, but task variety is related to level of adaptive expertise. The Adaptive Expertise Inventory proved to be a valid instrument for measuring adaptive expertise.

The integration of work experience and learning in tertiary education is a complex issue for different stakeholders, including students, institutions, and employers. The provision of course-related work experience for international students is far more challenging as it involves issues of visa status, different cultural expectations, recognition/misrecognition of skills and experiences across cultures, English language competency, and local employers’ attitudes toward international students. Even though there is a significant body of scholarly research on work-integrated learning in tertiary education, empirical research on this issue related to international students remains scarce. This article responds to a critical gap in the literature by examining the provision of course-related work experience for international students from both the teachers’ and students’ perspectives. It is derived from a 4-year research project funded by the Australian Research Council that includes 155 interviews with staff and international students and fieldwork from the Australian vocational education and training (VET) sector. Drawing on Bourdieu’s notions of habitus and field as conceptual tools to interpret the empirical data, the research found work-integrated learning is unevenly distributed and inconsistently implemented across institutions. The article addresses the complex interplay between the student habitus and the habitus within the institutional field and the workplace field in shaping international students’ work-integrated learning access and experience. Practical implications for institutions on how to improve access and experience to course-related work experience for international students are discussed in light of the findings of this research.

The authors discuss a new approach to employer engagement with young people in schools. An overview of the programme and its underpinning
rationale in experiential and co-operative learning is provided, along with an explanation of how an invitation to play the role of ‘Young Consultant’ led to the students engaging in research and making recommendations to the
company. The role of the employees as co-learners is also extensively considered.

This paper considers the possibilities for transformational workplace learning opportunities to support European young people in transition to sustainable employment in the post-GFC context. The GFC has created a context where the youth labour market — always more tenuous than the adult labour market — has reached new levels of precarity. Commentators suggest that many youth, even those who once would have fared well, now face the prospect of becoming part of a ‘lost generation’. The paper suggests that the opportunities for those young people
who appear to have little prospect of sustainable employment in this context are, in part, defined by the learning ethos of the workplaces in which they engage. In acknowledging common social inclusion policy commitments, the paper opens with the ‘call to action’ by providing an overview of the youth employment situation and, secondly, argues for a broader engagement with the idea of a new educational settlement where education and employment must now be fundamentally linked. Drawing on research into an alternative approach to pre-service teaching training in Australia, the paper argues for the need to link workplace learning opportunities with critical reflection by ‘teachers’ within workplaces. The paper closes with a consideration of the implications of and possibilities for such a commitment