Fatphobia

Χοντρέλες: Διαθεματικός φεμινισμός, πρότυπα ομορφιάς και αντιρατσιστική εκπαίδευση.

Κατά το τρέχον σχολικό έτος, πραγματοποιήθηκαν ημερίδες και επιμορφωτικά προγράμματα για εκπαιδευτικούς της Π.Ε. σε θέματα ισότητας των φύλων και έμφυλων διακρίσεων.

Οι ημερίδες και τα προγράμματα αυτά πραγματοποιήθηκαν στο πλαίσιο υλοποίησης του Συμφώνου Συνεργασίας του Υπουργείου Παιδείας, Έρευνας και Θρησκευμάτων με το Ε.Κ.Δ.Δ.Α., τη Γενική Γραμματεία Ισότητας των Φύλων και το Κ.Ε.Θ.Ι., που υπογράφηκε στις 14/7/2015, όπως ανέφερε η σχετική εγκύκλιος του υπουργείου Παιδείας.

Η παρουσίαση βασίζεται στην πρωτότυπη παρουσίαση που εκπονήθηκε στο πλαίσιο ενός συγκεκριμένου από αυτά τα επιμορφωτικά προγράμματα, που πραγματοποιήθηκε στην κεντρική υπηρεσία του Ινστιτούτο Επιμόρφωσης (ΙΝ.ΕΠ.) του Ε.Κ.Δ.Δ.Α. την περίοδο από 18/03/2016 - 22/04/2016, και είχε συνολική διάρκεια 21 ωρών.

Σας ευχαριστώ για την προσοχή σας!

Σπύρος Πετρίτης
Θεατρολόγος, Υπ. Δρ 
Αν. Εκπαιδευτικός ΠΕ 32
2ο και 12ο ΔΣ Νέας Σμύρνης
Σχολικό έτος 2015-2016

Dicke, haarige, queere, alternde Körper, People of Colour , Menschen mit Behinderung: Wer in unserer Gesellschaft nicht der Norm entspricht, wer sich und seinen Körper nicht dem kommerzialisierten Zwang zur Selbstop-timierung unterwirft, wird marginalisiert, gemobbt und aus-gegrenzt. Doch wer definiert Schönheit und wem nützt das? Klar ist jedenfalls: Schönheit ist nicht nur ein Geschäft, sie ist vor allem eines: politisch. Wenn eine Frau wegen unrasierten Beinen Morddrohun-gen bekommt, wenn Jobbewerbungen nach dem Körper-gewicht beurteilt werden, wenn ein dunklerer Teint "in" ist, aber Schwarze Menschen weiterhin strukturell diskriminiert werden-dann ist ein Umdenken der Mehrheit und ein Auf-stand gerade für jene Menschen notwendig, die besonders unter dem Schönheitsdruck in den Medien und an unserem Umgang miteinander leiden. Elisabeth Lechner trifft Akti-vist*innen, zerlegt gekonnt gängige Vorurteile und legt einen ermutigenden 5-Punkte-Plan vor, wie echte Solidarität aus-sehen kann und wie wir alle unseren Begriff von Schönheit hinterfragen können.

The practice, theory, and critique of allyship have been central to feminist scholarship and activism. Identities once not regarded as identities at all but as neutral givens, such as maleness, whiteness, cisnormativity, heterosexuality, abledness, and settlerhood, have all become politicized planes of analysis and action. Yet little scholarship, praxis, and activism has held people with thin privilege accountable for the role they play in fueling the fires of fatphobia in the day to day. Even while fat studies and fat activisms have worked to dismantle fatphobia, thin people have rarely been asked to play pivotal roles in dismantling fatphobic worldviews. In this piece, we draw on anti-racist feminism, disability studies, and fat activism to think about what it might take to become a fat ally. Grounded in our collaborative corporeality as a (very) fat and (very) thin person, we hone the method of research-practice in this part theoretical essay and part action zine. Specifically, we argue that for fat allyhood to be possible, allies need to hone anti-rather than non-fatphobic commitments and practices grounded in what Mia Mingus frames as "access intimacy."

Cet article discute de l’institutionnalisation croissante du champ de recherche des fat studies. Entremêlant savoirs militants et connaissances universitaires, ce courant interdisciplinaire et intersectionnel veut dénoncer la discrimination basée sur le poids dans les sociétés occidentales en mettant en avant le vécu des personnes fat. Puisque ces théories et ces pratiques sont peu connues des communautés féministes francophones, en raison d’un déficit de traduction, l’auteure a choisi de présenter certains enjeux liés à la construction sociale des discours sur la « corpulence » et la reconnaissance des « corps gros » comme sujets épistémiques.

El artículo analiza la incongruente convivencia entre la normalización de las dietas y el discurso feminista en España a través del análisis de obras hechas por mujeres en una variedad de formatos desde la década de los 90 hasta hoy. Entre las obras gráficas estudiadas se encuentran A dieta de tíos de Las rayadas, Idiotizadas de Moderna de Pueblo y Mujeres alteradas de Maitena. Como ejemplo positivo se propone un análisis de "Malena, una vida hervida" de Almudena Grandes y el poemario El hambre de María González. Se explora también la contradictoria recepción del corto Cerdita, de María Pereda, en el marco de las políticas contra el acoso escolar.

Desde que comenzó la cuarentena, las menciones burlonas al tamaño corporal abundan en las redes. La activista de la gordura, Laura Contrera, analiza el terror al aumento de peso en el contexto de un aislamiento que solo aumenta la lupa del control de los cuerpos.

La gordofobia puede conceptualizarse, de modo general, como el miedo, rechazo e intolerancia a la gordura (propia o externa), la cual se refleja en distintas actitudes o comportamientos, siendo el principal de ellos la discriminación (directa o indirecta) hacia las corporalidades gordas. En este sentido, la premisa a desarrollar en el presente  artículo será que la gordofobia es un fenómeno social problemático y que, por lo tanto, se levanta como un desafío para el Trabajo Social. De ahí que se buscará, en una
primera instancia, comprender la gordofobia como una serie de lógicas internalizadas en la sociedad, desarrollando sus implicancias en un nivel psicosocial y contemplando la configuración de exclusión y violencia; en una segunda instancia, levantar una discusión que interpele al Trabajo Social a repensarse a sí mismo, evaluar sus propios patrones de intervención y considerar a la gordofobia como un fenómeno a intervenir.

In Anthropology, the body is perceived as something which can be influenced  by culture and society. The ‘physical’ body is constantly modified by social categories, and there can “be no naturally way of considering the body that does not involve a social dimension” (Douglas 2003,7). The body then becomes a medium of expression and perception .With increasing globalization and consumerism,  the body is being objectified and commodified , especially the female body. The  Female body which has been historically seen as something to be gazed at, through films, magazines and advertisements is subjected to scrutiny on the basis of its size and shape. The association of body size and shape with feminine beauty -is a near universal phenomenon. But if we were to talk in context of India, then beauty is primarily defined by euro-centric parameters. Women are expected to adhere to prescriptive norms of skin-colour, weight, personal grooming etc. One of the key platforms which reiterate such notions is the Hindi  film Industry (popularly known as Bollywood ), which is considered one of the largest  cinema hubs in the world.  The connection between cinema and the creation-perception of a body image is both multifaceted and fascinating . The female actors become a powerful tool of marketing tool of what an “ideal” body is.  This dissertation aims to look at  firstly, how the body size of  and promoted by female actors  impacts the norms of beauty in India. Secondly, I would present an ethnographic analysis of selected mainstream Hindi films which engage in body-shaming, in order to substantiate my pursuit of cinema  an object  of analysing the anthropology of body, gender and humour.

En el cuerpo se codifican marcadores somático-textuales que movilizan interpretaciones sexo-genéricas, raciales, de clase, de hábitos e ideales. La filósofa Samantha Murray en The fat female body utiliza el concepto de “lipoliteraturas” para referirse a las lecturas que se dan del cuerpo gordo. Su interpretación queda fijada por el saber-poder biomédico que construye al sujeto “obeso” como desviado corporal y mentalmente, su signo corporal es, a su vez, el signo de su degradación moral. Así, las personas gordas son interpretadas desde la mirada hegemónica como un sujeto transparente y unívoco en virtud de su cuerpo que deviene en texto confesional.

This special issue of Fat Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Body Weight and Society explores fatness in relation to femininity. The relationship between fatness and femininity is longstanding and fraught: fatness can be feminizing, and fat flesh is often feminized, while fatness is simultaneously a “failure” of feminine norms (Hoskin & Taylor, 2019). For example, existing scholarship on fat femininities, especially in the areas of feminist theory and fat studies, demonstrates how fat femininities are marginalized via their deviations from normative feminine ideals, particularly slenderness. The goal of this special issue is to build on this literature by centering critical analyses of the relationships between fatness and femininity, especially how these relationships are mediated by sexuality, race, class, disability, age, gender identity, and other axes of identity. This special issue will prioritize submissions that use a critical femininities lens, which challenges femininity’s associations with superficiality and oppression and, instead, centers intersectional and recuperative approaches to femininity.  It is our goal that this issue will illuminate: the complex relationships between femininity and fatness; how these relationships differ across intersectional axes; and the ways in which femininity and fatness intertwine to create unique experiences of gendered embodiment and being.  For full details visit ashleyhoskin.ca/fat-femininities

Öz: Amaç: Bu çalışma, bir üniversitedeki Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin yağ fobisi puanlarını
belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Bu amaçla
araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 311 öğrenciye demografik sorular ve 14 maddelik Yağ Fobisi Ölçeğinden oluşan veri formları verilmiştir. Veriler biyostatik
olarak analiz edilmiş ve öğrencilerin yağ fobisi puanları bulunmuştur. Bulgular: Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü öğrencilerinin yağ fobisi, Beslenme ve
Diyetetik ve Hemşirelik Bölümü öğrencilerinin yağ fobisi puanlarından anlamlı derecede düşük bulunmuştur.
Düşük kilolu öğrencilerin sağlıklı BMI aralığında olanlardan daha yüksek yağ fobisi skoru olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, obez insanları tedavi edebilecek öğrencilerin şişman fobisi olduğu bulunmuştur.
Bu, gelecekte bireylerin obezite tedavisini olumsuz
yönde etkileyebilir. Bu nedenle, yağ fobisinden kaçınmak veya azaltmak için, eğitimde ve halkın bilinçlendirilmesinde yeni stratejiler geliştirilmeli ve daha geniş
bilimsel araştırmalar yapılmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yağ Korkusu, Obezite, BKI, Öğreciler, Düşük Kilo
Abstract: Objective: This study was carried out to
determine fat phobia scores of Faculty of Health Sciences students in a university. Method: For this purpose, 311 students who accepted to participate in the
research were given data forms consisting of demographic questions and 14-item Fat Phobia Scale. Data
was biostatistically analyzed and fat phobia scores of
students were found. Results: Fat phobia score of students who are studying Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation was found significantly lower than fat phobia
scores of Nutrition and Dietetics and Nursing students.
Students who are underweight were found to be have
significantly higher fat phobia score than students being in healthy BMI range. Conclusion: Consequently,
students were found to have fat phobia that affects individuals’ obesity treatment negatively. Thus, for avoiding or decreasing fat phobia, public awareness and new
strategies should be developed and broader scientific
researches are needed.
Key Words: Fatphobia, Obesity, BMI, Students, Underweight

Publicado em 2019, o livro De gorda a plus size: a moda do tamanho grande propõe um desvendamento acerca dos corpos gordos femininos e a moda plus size como estratégia biopolítica. O livro propõe uma discussão sobre os significados contidos nos discursos sociais sobre o corpo feminino gordo e nos discursos midiáticos de marcas de moda que produzem tamanhos grandes. A leitura nos permite entender como os discursos de poder são construídos, a partir da preferência pela mulher magra, denunciando o estigma da gordofobia nesse cenário: a indústria da moda.Published in 2019, the book De gorda a plus size: a moda do tamanho grande (From fat to plus size: big size fashion) proposes an unveiling about female fat bodies and plus size fashion as a biopolitical strategy. The book proposes a discussion about the meanings contained in the social discourses about the fat female body and in media speeches by fashion brands that produce large size clothes. The reading allows us to understand how the...