Field Survey

1 Middle East Technical University, Civil Engineering Department, Ocean Engineering Reserach Center, Ankara, Turkey yalciner@metu.edu.tr ... 2 Applied Mathematics Department, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia enpeli@lmail.ru

... Eddy SW Ng, Management and Human Resources Department, College of Business Administration, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona ... an abundant of literature that focused on applicant attraction strategies and organisational recruitment practices (eg Barber ...

The estimation of runout distances on fans has a major role in assessing debris-flow hazards. Different methods have been devised for this purpose: volume balance, limiting topographic methods, empirical equations, and physical approaches. Data collected from field observations are the basis for developing, testing, and improving predictive methods, while laboratory tests on small-scale models are another suitable approach for studying debris-flow runout under controlled conditions and for developing predictive equations. This paper analyses the problem of assessing runout distance, focusing on six debris flows that were triggered on July 5th, 2006 by intense rainfall near Cortina d'Ampezzo (Dolomites, north-eastern Italy). Detailed field surveys were carried out immediately after the event in the triggering zone, along the channels, and in the deposition areas. A fine-scale digital terrain model of the study area was established by aerial LiDAR measurements. Total travel and runout distances on fans measured in the field were compared with the results of formulae from the literature (empirical/statistical and physically oriented), and samples of sediment collected from deposition lobes were used for laboratory tests. The experimental device employed in the tests consists of a tilting flume with an inclination from 0° to 38°, on which a steel tank with a removable gate was installed at variable distances from the outlet. A final horizontal plane works as the deposition area. Samples of different volumes and variable sediment concentrations were tested. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the length of the deposits as a function of both the potential energy of the mass and the sediment concentration of the flow. Our comparison of the results of laboratory tests with field data suggests that an energy-based runout formula might predict the runout distances of debris flows in the Dolomites.

The enclosed lift lobby distinguishes itself as a unique form of region categorised under building transitional spaces. This paper reports on an evaluation of thermal comfort conditions in a prominent transitional space in buildings which is the enclosed lift lobby of an educational institution in Malaysia, using field survey which included objective measurement and subjective assessment. The temperature set-point of air conditioner was increased and maintained at 26°C to investigate the human thermal perceptions in the enclosed region. Comparison was made on the percentage of thermal sensation, preference, acceptability and general comfort votes obtained from field survey. The outcomes clearly indicated that the human thermal perception in the enclosed lift lobby would be directly proportional to the level of human occupancy, and any sudden temperature change could lead to thermal discomfort of occupants. The respondents generally preferred to have cooler environment, rather than w...

A study was carried out to estimate the accuracy of crop discrimination and area inventory for wheat and mustard using IRS LISS-II digital data of two acquisition dates D1 (Dec. 28, 1994) and D2 (Feb. 10, 1995) over a test site (1413 ha) comprising of two villages in Pali district, Rajasthan, The D1 and D2 were optimal acquisitions for mustard and wheat respectively with deviations in aereage estimates of less than five per cent in comparison to field survey. The percent correctly classified pixels ter training site for optimal dates of each crop ranged between 85 and 86 per cent and they were much lower for other dates. These results with lower accuracies than reported earlier for sites with single dominant crop are indicative of accuracies for discrimination and area inventory fot sites having two crops and also sensitivity to acquisition period.

Field survey was conducted in the main stream of Popovska River in the autumn of 2018. The territory was near Bolyarovo town, Voden, Dabavo, Malko Sharkovo, Popovo, and Stefan Karadzhovo villages.
During the field survey were registered already known archaeological sites and new archaeological sites (Fig. 1). The prehistoric tell near Bolyarovo town, the Antique and Medieval fortress Golyamoto kale near Voden village, and Medieval fortress Pashakyoisko kale near Bolyarovo town were visited. Twenty-seven open-air settlements were registered: four of them dated to prehistory, fourteen – to Antiquity, seven – to Medieval period and two – to Ottoman period. The area of all open-air settlements was marked by GPS points. Twenty-two burial mounds were registered. All of them were marked by GPS points. During the field survey structures from the period of Cold war (bunkers and trenches) were located.
The field survey gave important scientific data about the archaeological map of Bolyarovo municipality.

Opium is a narcotic obtained from opium poppy and is the raw material of heroin for the illegal drug trade. Monitoring the illegal concentrated cultivation of opium poppy in major regions is critical for the understanding by governments and international communities of the scale of illegal drug trade. This paper investigates whether opium poppy can be discriminated from its coexisting plants using analytical-spectral-device field spectrometer data in the visible to short-wave infrared spectral range. Canopy spectral measurements were conducted during three different growth periods of opium poppy. A synthetic method with three analysis levels was applied to discriminate opium poppy from other species and to select optimal bands for opium poppy discrimination. First, the Mann-Whitney U-test method was used to test the spectral reflectance difference between opium poppy and coexisting crops at each wavelength. Then, the Jeffries-Matusita distance and band correlation analysis were conducted to select the optimal wavebands for discriminating opium poppy using the significant wavebands from the test results. Finally, classification and regression tree analysis was employed to validate the classification accuracy based on the selected optimal wavebands. The results indicated that the spectral reflectance of opium poppy was significantly different from that of coexisting crops in many surveyed wavebands, and opium poppy could be discriminated using a field survey spectrum at canopy level. The best time for discriminating opium poppy from coexisting crops was around flowering time. This paper provided the prerequisite for monitoring opium poppy using satellite remote sensing data in some regions of concern.

The present article is based on the training cum workshop organized by Applied Environmental Research Foundation (AERF), Pune, India, based on field survey in March 2008. In the workshop some strategies for conservation of biodiversity has been developed in Konkan region of coastal Maharashtra, India and were assessed. (New York Science Journal. 2009;2(4):31-32). (ISSN: 1554-0200).

Port Phillip Bay (PPB) is a large (1,930 km2), temperate embayment in southern Victoria, Australia. Extensive bay-wide surveys of PPB have occurred since 1840. In 1995/1996 the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) undertook an intensive evaluation of the region with the aims of developing a comprehensive species list of native and introduced biota and contrasting previous bay-wide assessments with a current field survey in order to detect new incursions and discern alterations to native communities. Two methods were used to meet these aims: a re-evaluation of regional museum collections and published research in PPB to identify and determine the timing of introductions; and field surveys for benthic (infauna, epifauna and encrusting) organisms between September 1995 to March 1996. One hundred and sixty introduced (99) and cryptogenic (61) species were identified representing over 13% of the recorded species of PPB. As expected, the majority of these are concentrated around the shipping ports of Geelong and Melbourne. Invasions within PPB appear to be increasing, possibly due to an increase in modern shipping traffic and an increase in aquaculture (historically associated with incidental introductions); however the records of extensive biological surveys suggest that this may, in part, be an artefact of sampling effort. In contrast to Northern Hemisphere studies, PPB (and Southern Hemisphere introductions in general) have significantly different suites of successfully invading taxa. PPB is presented as one of the most invaded marine ecosystems in the Southern Hemisphere.

North American coastal sandplain heathlands are unique in species composition and vegetation, but the extent to which edaphic factors influence the structure of these communities is currently debated. It was hypothesized that salt spray and edaphic factors maintain the dwarf stature and community composition of heathlands by limiting plant growth and excluding competitively dominant woody species close to the ocean. Field surveys were carried out to investigate the spatial patterns of salt spray accumulation, soil salt and soil moisture. High salt spray correlated significantly with increased leaf necrosis and water stress in Myrica pensylvanica and with decreased plant height. Plant community composition changed across a salt spray and soil gradient, as well. Distinctive sub-communities were identified that separated according to soil salt and soil moisture but salt spray was the main factor affecting sites occupied only by heathland vegetation. Results from this study suggest that salt spray suppresses the growth of heathland plants in close proximity to the ocean, and therefore maintains the low stature in these dwarf shrublands. This research also demonstrates that the physical environment influences the community structure in heathlands, particularly by limiting tree species from growing in high salt spray, low water availability sites.

For naturally ventilated buildings (NVB) located in the tropical regions, thermal comfort (TC) prediction based on predicted mean vote (PMV) standard has shown some deviations from the observed results. Hot and humid environmental conditions throughout the year and personal ...

Despite the increasing interest in specific forms of proactive employee behavior in domains such as career development and organizational change, little research has investigated proactive behavior in the realm of customer service. Based on a review of the literatures on proactive behavior, customer service, and job performance, this study investigated relationships between a relevant set of individual and situational predictor