Geographic Mobility

Under the planned economy China’s urban population was largely immobile and governed through the socialist workunit (danwei). Market reforms begun in the 1980s have culminated in the last decade with a dramatic decline of the state-sector and the emergence of a more mobile, heterogeneous and economically independent urban population. In rendering the old system obsolete, these trends have led the Chinese government to rethink its strategies for urban governance. At the turn of the millennium, a new campaign to ‘build communities’ was launched throughout the nation with the objective of establishing the residential ‘community’ as the new basic unit of urban governance. This paper explores the logic behind this policy innovation and analyzes the techniques adopted to operationalize ‘community governance’.

Although the spatial assimilation of immigrants to the United States has important implications for social theory and social policy, few studies have explored the atterns and determinants of interneighborhood geographic mobility that lead to immigrants’residential proximity to the white, non-Hispanic majority. We explore this issue by merging data from three different sources - the Latino National Political Survey, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, and tract-level census data - to begin unraveling causal relationships among indicators of socioeconomic, social, cultural, segmented, and spatial assimilation. Our longitudinal analysis of 700 Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban immigrants followed from 1990 to 1995 finds broad support for hypotheses derived from the classical account of minority assimilation. High income, English language use, and embeddedness in Anglo social contexts increase Latino immigrants’geographic mobility into Anglo neighborhoods. U. S. citizenship and years spent in the United Stares are ppsidvely associated with geographic mobility into more Anglo neighbor oods, and coethnic contact is inversely associated with this form of mobility, but these associations operate largely through other redictors. Prior experiences of ethnic discrimination increase and residence in public housing decreases the likelihood that Latino immigrants will move from their origin neighborhoods, while residing in metropolitan areas with large Latino populations leads to geographic moves into “less Anglo” census tracts.

Résumé

Dans une société marquée par l’individualisme, les jeunes doivent de plus en plus porter la responsabilité de la réussite ou de l’échec de leur insertion professionnelle. À cet effet, ils sont enjoints à la participation et à la mobilité géographique afin d’augmenter leurs chances de décrocher un bon emploi. Or, les données présentées semblent nuancer fortement ces propos haussés au rang de prétendue évidence. À la limite, nos données permettraient probablement d’affirmer qu’une personne détenant un fort capital social n’a même pas besoin de participer pour se décrocher un bon emploi. Ces constats viennent nuancer la portée du discours individualiste, car ils ramènent l’idée qu’un individu ne peut tout faire seul…

Abstract

Do social participation and geographic mobility guarantee a good job?

In an individualistic society, young people are expected to be responsible for their own employment success or failure. In order to increase their chances obtaining a good job, they are encouraged to be active and to move. The evidence, however, raises questions about this wide-spread belief. Indeed, our data suggest that someone with a high level of social capital can find a good job without social participation. Such findings lead us to nuance the discourse of individualism, with the reminder individuals can not do everything by themselves.

Intra-Asian student mobility is an emerging phenomenon little studied in the literature on the globalization of tertiary education. This paper examines the flow of students from the People's Republic of China to Malaysia, based on a large-scale survey of 888 respondents, as well as in-depth interviews with 80 informants. It addresses three empirical questions: who comes, why Malaysia and what are the outcomes? Underlying these questions is the issue of the character of contemporary intra-Asian educational mobility, and the specificity of regional sites, such as Malaysia, in the global educational spatial order. The paper makes two main arguments. Firstly, this trans-Asian education mobility is largely circular in nature and represents the private-sector creation of a new industry and market, with commercialized market knowledge facilitating the rise of non-elite mass mobility from cities in the interior with no prior migration ties to the destination country. The key role of pro...

Even as concerns about nursing shortages continue nationwide and for individual states in the United States, there is little information on the impact of nursing shortages at substate levels, such as counties or groups of small counties. National and state level assessments can mask wide geographic variation in the distribution of registered nurses (RNs). The Center for Health Workforce Studies at the School of Public Health, University at Albany, developed a practical approach to projecting RN supply and demand at substate levels. The experimental model used in this research was adapted from a methodology utilized for the RN National Supply Model and National Demand Model developed by the Health Resources and Services Administration in the department of Health and Human Services to make RN supply and demand projections at the broader national and state levels. The Center's research highlighted the value of substate analyses in the identification of RN supply and demand gaps and...

Phénomène planétaire, le football et l’engouement qu’il suscite gagnent de nouveaux espaces et tendent, du même coup, à éloigner géographiquement les supporters des clubs qu’ils soutiennent. Dispersés sur l’ensemble du territoire national, et présents dans de nombreux pays étrangers, les « supporters à distance » de l’Olympique de Marseille, retenus ici comme terrain empirique, fondent ainsi l’essentiel de leur activité associative sur l’organisation de voyages collectifs afin d’assister en nombre aux matchs de leur équipe favorite depuis les tribunes des stades dans lesquels elle se produit. Parcourant régulièrement les routes, leurs déplacements sont alors propices au développement de nombreuses pratiques par lesquelles ils cultivent leurs différences vis‑à‑vis de leur milieu d’appartenance et s’appliquent à se rapprocher de l’environnement marseillais qu’ils escomptent intégrer. Méprisés par leur milieu d’origine pour leur refus de soutenir le club local le plus en vue, ils sont ...

This report follows the final years of secondary school and post-school pathways of young people residing in non-metropolitan areas. This includes geographic mobility, participation in education, training and employment. The study investigates why some young people leave these areas, who does so and whether some young people eventually return. The report indicates that the main reasons were to further education because of occupational aspirations mainly via university and TAFE study and less frequently through apprenticeships or traineeships. This report, published by the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER), is part of the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY) research program.

The intra-species polymorphism of E. histolytica and E. dispar species in endemic area is an important tool for geographic distribution and spread mechanism studies. Since E. dispar and E. histolytica shears ecological niche, cell cycle, and transmission mechanism for human host, we studied the intra-specie variation and distribution of E. dispar strains obtained from cyst passers, in two neighbor rural communities in Morelos Mexico. We analyzed the polymorphic region of the quitinase protein gene in isolates of E. dispar. In 45 isolates from one community we identified 12 different CHI patterns while in 15 isolates from the other community we identified 5 different patterns. However both communities share 4 patterns. This finding suggests the presence of strains with different geographic mobility.

Si les structurations des marchés du travail académique suisse et français demeurent nationales, des tendances convergentes sont à l’œuvre, largement portées par les processus d’européanisation des politiques de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche.