Guardian

The late nineteenth and early twentieth century occultists saw themselves, more than ever before, confronted with the intrusion of science on their traditional turfs. While occult phenomena were more and more explained by scientific discovery, the new science, psychology, took a stab at the workings of occult ritual. Under influence of these new challenges many occultists moved towards a more psychological interpretation of their rituals. In this paper I will demonstrate how “the great beast 666”, Aleister Crowley, dealt with these challenges and how they effected both his ideas and the development of his final philosophy.

Devletler mensup oldukları din ve gelenek-görenekleri doğrultusunda oluşturdukları hukuk kuralları çerçevesinde yetimlerin yaşama koşullarını mümkün olduğunca üst seviyelerde tutmaya özen göstermişlerdir. Osmanlı'da ise yetimler; yakın akrabaların gözetimi, koruyucu aile uygulaması, hayırseverlerin ve devlet kurumlarının desteği, evlat edindirme politikaları ile rüşt yaşına gelene kadar maddi-manevi korunmuşlardır. Kendilerine mülk-para kalan yetimlerin dışarıdan herhangi bir maddi desteğe ihtiyaç duymadan yaşantılarını devam ettirmek için hukuki düzenlemelerin yanı sıra vasi uygulaması devreye sokulmuştur. Çalışma, Osmanlı Devleti'nde 16. ve 17. yüzyıllarda yetimlere kalan mülk ve paralar üzerine odaklanmıştır. Bu kapsamda yetim ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması amacı ile mülklerin yıpranmadan işlevini sürdürebilmesi, paraların değerini kaybetmeden korunabilmesi için alınan önlemlere dikkat çekilmiştir. Paraları değerlendirme usulleri, gerektiğinde satılan, kiralanan ya da tamir edilen mallar, hisselere ayrılmış olanlar ve mülk dışındaki yetim malları araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada esas kaynak olarak İstanbul Kadı Sicillerinin latinize edilmiş 40 cildinden yetim-vasi-eytam gibi referans kelimelerin geçtiği hüccetler kullanılmıştır.
States have cared to keep the living conditions of orphans as high as possible within the framework of the rules of law established in line with their religion and customs-traditions. As for the orphans in the Ottoman Empire, they were materially and spiritually protected until they reached lawful age within the supervision of close relatives, foster family practice, the support of philanthropists and government agencies as well as the adoption policies. In addition to legal arrangements, a guardian practice was put into action in order to maintain the lives of orphans who inherited property-money without the need for any external financial support. This study focuses on the property and money bequested to orphans in the Ottoman Empire during the 16th and 17th centuries. In this context, special attention has been paid to the measures taken to maintain the function of the property without fraying out and to preserve the money without monetary depreciation in order to meet the needs of orphans. Procedures for assessing money, items sold, rented or repaired when needed, divided shares and the orphan goods other than property have been examined. Out of the 40 latinized volumes of İstanbul Kadi Records, the documents which involve reference words like orphan-guardian have been used as a resource.

The aim of this chapter is to see whether online discussion forums dedicated to popular culture (reality TV) provide a communicative space, content and style for politics that extends the public sphere. Given their typically casual, chatty and frivolous nature, we might assume that political talk doesn’t emerge in such spaces, and if it does, it would fall well short of the type of talk crucial to the public sphere. To what extent does political talk emerge in such spaces? If so, do such forums fulfil the requirements of rationality and ‘decent’ deliberation? Given the nature of the forums, the analysis moves beyond a formal notion of deliberation by also taking into account the use of expressive speech acts: emotion, humour and acknowledgements. What role do ‘expressives’ play within online political talk and how do they impact the normative conditions of deliberation? Moreover, comparing these spaces with a space dedicated to high politics – the Guardian political discussion forum – allows us to see whether, as critics would expect, deliberative talk is taking place in the one and emotional and irrational talk in the other.

The purpose of the study. To examine the social composition of medical students of the Erzsébet University of Pécs (ETE) between 1930 and 1945 based on statistics about religion, place of birth and father/guardian occupation. To present the external processes affecting the admission of students based on the minutes of the university governing body. To present some typical individual careers of students of the examined period. Applied methods. Statistical analysis of student enrolment and diploma books. Analysis of major processes using the minutes of the medical faculty and university council meetings and literature. Presenting and categorising careers using all available archival and library data. Outcomes. Compared to the previous decade and a half, the number of medical students at ETE decreased for demographic and political reasons. The religious composition of the students changed due to measures restricting Jewish students’ university admission, and disenfranchising them. The ...

San Diego did not easily become the home port of America’s Pacific fleet. It was two decades after the US acquisition of the Philippines, Guam, and Hawai‘i before a combination of imperialist naval strategy, Japanese expansionism, the Great White Fleet, unrest in Mexico and Central America, the completion of the Panama Canal, the Panama-California Exposition, a supportive congressman, and energetic civic leadership coalesced on the issue. Together, these factors led to the establishment of major naval facilities in this southern California city.

As much as news websites news can be characterised by speed and immediacy, they are also recognisable online periodicals, which accumulate preceding news items. This is, as with the constitution of time in general, linked to relations between change and continuity. This article aims to understand how the temporalities of online news have developed since the first news sites in the mid-1990s. The analytical starting point for this is that such temporalities must be understood as a complex interplay between textual elements on different and overlapping levels of the webpage. This article consequently employs a framework for webpage analysis that primarily focuses on the syntactical level where temporalities emerge as relations between textual elements that change at very different intervals. This framework is applied to examples from the different stages of The Guardian’s webpage from 1996 to the present retrieved from the Internet Archive ( www.archive.org ). The shifting constitutio...

This learning module educates parents/guardians and teachers new to the practice to understand what standards-based learning is, why a school system would use it, how to know when students are learning the standards, and the difference from traditional learning. View professional learning module.https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/improve/1032/thumbnail.jp

Net-based public sphere researchers have questioned whether the internet presents the public sphere with a new opportunity for the development of public spaces where free, equal and open deliberation among citizens can flourish. However, much of the research has operationalized a formal notion of deliberation thereby neglecting the expressive nature of everyday political talk. This study moved beyond a formal notion by also investigating the use of expressives within The Guardian (UK) political discussion forum. A content analysis was employed as the primary instrument for examination. Additional textual analyses were conducted on the use of expressives. The findings suggest that with the exception of humour expressives tended to impede political talk rather than facilitating it.