Harvest

Abstract To focus white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) management within a chronic wasting disease–infected area in south-central Wisconsin, USA, we assessed deer movements and related dispersal to variation in landscape pattern, deer density, and harvest intensity. We radiocollared and monitored 165 deer between 2003 and 2005. Yearling males that dispersed (45%) had greater forest edge (i.e., fragmentation) within natal home ranges. Exploratory movements were rare for adult females. Transient and migratory movements were rare among all deer (<5%). Although yearling males have low chronic wasting disease prevalence rates, they may be infected before dispersal due to variable incubation times. Managers should increase yearling male harvest and consider removing young males in areas of higher forest edge.

Recent observations suggest fishing pressure is driving the evolution of smaller female maturation size in some fish stocks. We construct a general size-based theoretical framework to derive the rate and ultimate destination of this evolution based on life-history, community ecology and evolutionary theory. For Baltic cod (Gadus morhua), we find a maximum evolutionary rate of approximately −36 g/generation (−0.072 Haldanes) and optimum maturation size <250 g (mean≈50 g). Whilst this is consistent with many previous observations, it is substantially less than observed in rapidly declining cod stocks, suggesting additional evolutionary processes may affect them. Analysis of management remedies finds only an effective ban on fishing will halt the evolution. Unable to maximise fitness, the fish will remain under evolutionary stress for the foreseeable future.

India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world after China. Since the 1980s, the international trade in fruits and vegetables has expanded rapidly. The number of commodities as well as the number of varieties produced and traded have increased manifold during the past 25 years. There is an overall increase in the demand for fruits and vegetables for consumption both in the fresh and the processed form. Also there is a wide diversification in production pattern globally. Income in this sector is increasing which is indeed driving the supply. In spite of being one of the largest producers of fruits and vegetables in the world, the export competitiveness among the Indian producers remains low. But with new marketing initiatives, the post-harvest losses and the wastage due to poor infrastructure facilities, such as storage and transportation, have been reduced to a considerable extent. Yet a lot needs to be done in this sector. In an effort to overcome some o...

... The adoption and practice of agriculture in Europe has provided a focus for archaeological research for decades (see reviews by Barker 1985; Dennell 1992). ... The best-known example is the work of Peter Reynolds at the reconstructed 'Iron Age' farm at Butser Hill in Hampshire. ...

... Peter B. Richardson 1, 2 , Michael W. Bruford 3 , Marta C. Calosso 6 , Lisa M. Campbell 4 , Wesley Clerveaux 5 , Angela ... host remnant nesting populations of turtles, with hawksbill turtle nests recorded more frequently than green and loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nests. ...

ABSTRACT Rapid change in wildlife populations can challenge managers to promote species conservation while maintaining public support for wildlife. Wolf management during re-colonization in Wisconsin, USA demonstrates the complexities of inconsistent management authority, public attitudes, and illegal killing of wolves. State management authority to control depredating wolves oscillated during a period of intense sociopolitical conflict over wolf status under the federal Endangered Species Act. We demonstrate that swings in wolf status led to inconsistent management authority, declining local public support for wolves, and possibly the unintended backlash of more illegal kills and a legislatively-mandated public wolf hunt. A new Wildlife Management Matrix illustrates an idealized relationship between lethal control options and perceptions of wildlife. Moderating the sociopolitical drivers of swings in policy over short periods is essential to allow wildlife managers greater flexibility in achieving species-specific goals. This research provides the first demonstrated link between illegal wildlife killing and management authority under the Endangered Species Act, and suggests that illegal behavior may be moderated with responsible and effective wildlife management programs. We recommend states avoid prescriptive harvest legislation, and we suggest a more incremental shift from federal to state management authority.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Abstract : This paper presents an analysis of the large Natufian tool assemblage (N = 10,378) from the excavations ofM. Stekelis (1954-1957, 1959-1960) at the site of Nahal Oren Terrace. The site is located on the western escarpment of Mt. Carmel, situated amidst ...

As large, long-lived seabirds with delayed and slow reproduction, albatrosses have low intrinsic mortality rates and are especially vulnerable to extinction from extrinsic sources of mortality such as fishery bycatch. Leg-band recovery information for waved albatrosses revealed mortality from both incidental catch and intentional catch for human consumption. Annual adult survival in 1999–2005, estimated from capture-mark-recapture data, was lower than historical estimates. This recent increase in adult mortality probably contributed to recent and dramatic shrinkage of the breeding population; periodic matrix models confirm that population growth rate is most sensitive to changes in adult survival. Banding data and recovery information also suggest that capture by fisheries is male-biased, which should reduce fecundity in this species with obligate bi-parental care. This new documentation of bycatch, harvesting, and associated demographic consequences provides reason for serious concern about the persistence of the single breeding population of the waved albatross.

Periosteum has been promoted as a potential substrate for tissue engineering. Its principal virtues are that it has a source of pluripotential mesenchymal cells and chondrogenic growth factors located in the cambium layer, and it can serve as a template for directional evolution of neo-tissue. The clinical use and in vitro study of periosteum-derived neo-tissue has been limited by the level of surgical skill required for harvest. Precise surgical technique, task-specific experience, adequate volume of procedures, and general surgical expertise are required for optimal harvest using the traditional periosteal elevator method. This report describes an easily mastered technique that preserves viability while providing the harvest of relatively large amounts of periosteum. Skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits (11 males/20 tibias; 4 females/8 tibias; approximate weight 3.5 kg) and one Yucatan miniature pig were used for harvest of periosteum from the tibia using the traditional periosteal elevator and the developed hydraulic elevation approach. Histologic examination of the periosteal explants obtained by the developed method showed preservation of the cambium layer containing the progenitor cells necessary for the generation of neo-cartilage. This technique provides a simple method of harvesting large segments (>5 cm x 1 cm) of periosteum in a single procedure and may facilitate better exploitation of periosteum in tissue engineering.

" Integrating research into freshwater biodiversity and the role of keystone species, this fascinating book presents freshwater crayfish as representatives of human-exacerbated threats to biodiversity and conservation. It uses examples from these and other large ...