High Rise Buildings

The advancements in engineering and technology, development of high strength structural materials, rise in population and lack of land area available due to the raise in land prices and rapid urbanization have led to the development of high rise buildings in the modern era. The tall buildings are the most susceptible to the lateral loadings due to the wind and seismic forces. The trend of taller and slender structures makes it necessary to develop the structural configuration which can resist the lateral loads effectively with minimum cost. The outrigger bracing system provides the solution to control excessive drift and displacement in such buildings. In this study, the conventional structural model having the central core of reinforced cement concrete and the models with outrigger at different heights of the building are modeled for the 20, 40 and 60 storey building heights. The aim of this paper is to suggest a suitable location of outrigger bracing system to control excessive top storey displacement.

In the present paper, a performance analysis of an 18 levels IMS system building, built in Santiago de Cuba city, which is classified as very high seismic hazard level for the new Cuban code, is carried out using the static nonlinear analysis method, known as the pushover analysis in the specialized literature. A retrospective of this method and their basic objectives are also given, and his use in Cuba as well. To perform the analysis, a characterization of their components, material used in the time of construction of the building, loads analysis, including the prestressed load was done. To obtain the structure´s response and his corresponding performance level, various artificial earthquakes compatibles with the seismicity of the region, according with the seismic demand levels specified by the Cuban code, were determined and included in the analysis, even the El Centro earthquake, which is recognized as a transcendental earthquake by specialists worldwide.
The potential formations of plastic hinges were defined according to the building´s characteristics, which their occurrence was corroborate according with the structure´s results. Geometric model was obtain using SAP2000 v16 software, and using the program´s capabilities, different  eatures of the structure were determined, including, dynamic response, capacity curve, hinge formation mechanism, story drifts, and
maximum building´s drift, according to different levels of demand. Remarkable results of the performance objectives in the analyzed structure were obtained for each earthquake, as follows: for the earthquakes compatible with the seismicity of the zone, the classification was Fully Operational for the Occasional event, and for the events Rare,
and Very Rare the classification was Operational, fulfilling the objectives established according to the importance of the building.

Although planned as the " City of Tomorrow " , the Bijlmer district in Amsterdam quickly became the quintessential symbol of urban decline. Today, even with half of the planned renewal of the Bijlmer completed, the alleged success of this urban revitalisation programme is questionable. Parts of the black middle class did not move out and some are even returning to the Bijlmer; the combination is producing a type of " black gentrification " , which forces the " undesirables " like drug users, homeless people and undocumented immigrants to leave. This revanchist renewal not only benefits the middle and lower-class population of the district, but it also serves the interests of private developers. European revanchism makes the city safe for corporate investment and aims to restore social order as well as stimulating the development of a strong middle class. This paper demonstrates how hard revanchist policies are demanded not only by private developers but also by the middle and lower classes, and they exist alongside soft " caring " policies, even for the " undesirables " . 
Keywords: revanchism, urban revitalisation, gentrification, Amsterdam, black middle class, homeless people, modernist urban planning, undesirables, drug use, public space, high-rise flats

Severe structural damage suffered by several modern buildings during recent earthquakes illustrates the importance of avoiding sudden changes in lateral stiffness and strength. Recent earthquakes that occurred have shown that a large number of existing reinforced concrete buildings are vulnerable to damage or even collapse during a strong earthquake. While damage and collapse due to soft story are most often observed in buildings, they can also be developed in other types of structures. The lower level containing the concrete columns behaved as a soft story in that the columns were unable to provide adequate shear resistance during the earthquake. So, in this paper highlights the importance for immediate measures to prevent the indiscriminate use of soft first story in buildings, which are designed without regard to the increased displacement, ductility and force demands in the first story and this paper argues the importance of novel design approach which has an advantage of interaction between rigid frames and shear walls. A combination of the two structural components leads to a highly efficient system, in which the shear wall resists the majority of the lateral loads in the lower portion of the building, and the frame supports the majority of the lateral loads in the upper portion of the building Keywords-High rise buildings, RC frame linear behavior of shear wall, Soft Story /Weak Story.

The article studied the application of facilities management practice in high rise commercial properties. Convenience sampling technique was used in administering questionnaires to the 60 respondents who responded to the survey. It was found out that the extent of application of facilities management in the subject properties is better described as below average. Similarly, the most frequently tools of facilities management in use and employed in the properties were outsourcing and in-house sourcing. This was influenced by the level of their familiarity with the tools. Planned and Preventive maintenance should be taken regularly in order to enhance the effectiveness of the facilities management and to satisfy both the owner and customers of the organization. Keywords: Commercial Properties, Facilities Management, High Rise Buildings, In-house Sourcing and Outsourcing.

شهر تهران قبل از اینکه دارای گسترش اساسی و اصولی باشد، با افزایش جمعیت مواجه شد. عدم محاسبه سرانه ها و تخصیص زمین ها و فضاهای لازم به کاربری های مختلف وآماده سازی زمین، تهران را به سرعت تبدیل به ساختمان های مسکونی میان کوچه‏ها و خیابان هایی برای رفت و آمد تبدیل کرد.

High-rise building construction, which is occuring at an expanding pace in many cities all over the world, is also accelarating in Istanbul. A large number of multistorey office, residential and multi-use buildings are being planned and constructed in the city center, as well as in the periphery. In addition to the historical character of the city, the geography has a special character with seven hills and several high peaks, and this character enhances the skyline of the city. Having a traditional skyline, Istanbul has largely been impacted by the erection of high-rise buildings in the past decades, whether they are built in the historical core or not. Today, it is unfortunate to state that the recently erected high-rise buildings, especially in the Boshorus Region, are not in harmony with the silhoutte of Istanbul. Although not erected within the Bosphorus region and historical core of the city, some of the high-rise buildings unfortunately impact the historical silhoutte because ...

One of the evocative structural design solutions for sustainable tall buildings is embraced by the diagrid (diagonal grid) structural scheme. Diagrid, with a perimeter structural configuration characterized by a narrow grid of diagonal members involved both in gravity and in lateral load resistance, has emerged as a new design trend for tall-shaped complex structures, and is becoming increasingly popular due to aesthetics and structural performance. Since it requires less structural steel than a conventional steel frame, it provides for a more sustainable structure. This study focuses on the structural performance of a steel tall building, using FEM nonlinear analyses. Numerical comparisons between a traditional outrigger system and different diagrid configurations (with three different diagrid inclinations) are presented for a building of 40 stories, with a total height of 160m, and a footprint of 36m x 36m. The sustainability of the building (in terms of structural steel weight sa...

This text examines the history of the skyscraper as a investment instrument and its current form, the typology of the pencil tower and investigates  - within the contemporary capitalist notion of architecture as an asset - possible alternative and novel building programs and typologies that can meaningfully contribute to the city's urban fabric, its ecology and its societal values and showcases design research projects from the 2015 MSD-AAD program at UPenn, putting them in a broader societal context.

Con il concretizzarsi di una serie di interventi di rigenerazione urbana, sollecitati dalle esigenze di maggiore densità di tessuti consolidati ed ambiti periurbani in trasformazione, l'edificio alto eruopeo è tornato in questi anni al centro del dibattito culturale. Contrapponendosi alle derive che hanno caratterizzato alcune operazioni recenti - la sola forma, la sola dimensione, la sola pelle -  la ricerca si interroga sui vantaggi e svantaggi dell'edificio alto rispetto ad altri tipi edilizi, attraverso l'analisi di 11 casi studio recenti esaminati secondo principi di sostenibilità, attrattività, comfort e rapporto col luogo. L'indagine mette in luce come l'edificio alto possa essere un dispositivo ancora utile per attuare strategie di sviluppo capaci di confrontarsi con le criticità del quadro contemporaneo, a condizione di essere esito di un processo in cui le specificità dovute alla configurazione veticale siano riconosciute in tutte le loro problematiche e potenzialità.

This paper examines the building in J.G. Ballard’s seminal novel High Rise as an expression of marginalization and class culture. Ballard’s dystopian vision holds within it traces of the history of buildings as expressions of power; from Victorian poorhouses, via Le Corbusier, to 1960’s public housing in Britain and the impact of post-war planning regulations. This paper explores the ways that housing has been used as a means of both control and an exertion of power by the dominant class.

Spaces double as both an effective means of control of the subordinate or working class, and as a constant reminder of the dominance of the ruling class. From confinement within poor houses to vertical slums, these spaces create a marginalised culture of subordination that culminates in Ballard’s tower. 

Deluze, Lefebvre and others can help us to understand the structural and theoretical implications of the fictional structure in High Rise. We can see how expressions of power in housing are linked to and re-enforced by fiction, but that some spaces have the ability to disrupt this relationship and push back against the dominant paradigm.

My approach builds on the works of authors such as Banham, Katz and Augé but, significantly, departs from that history through its emphasis on an examination of the way both real and fictional spaces can be seen as affective and reactive to each other. Fiction not only reacts to the real world, but fictional spaces can both re-enforce and disrupt the dominant power structures embedded within them.

The use of piled raft foundation for the high rise structures has increased recently because of its efficiency in reducing high stress concentrations, total and differential settlements of the foundation system economically. The main objective of this comparative study is to investigate the behaviour and performance of the combined piled raft foundation by changing the parameters like raft thickness, pile diameter, pile length and pile spacing. This helps in understanding the variation in total and differential settlement of the raft, maximum moment in raft and pile/raft load sharing ratios by varying the various parameters under consideration. For this purpose, a twenty storey building is modelled and analyzed in ETABS software and then foundation models with different geometrical configurations of piles and raft are prepared in SAFE software to analyze the behaviour of piled raft foundation under the loadings from the superstructure obtained from ETABS software. This parametric st...

This paper discuses the historical development of high rise structure and development of high rise structure in future .This paper tell about some famous high rise structure around the world and some high rise structure in Dubai and Mumbai. The present study highlights the various top rated building .This paper tell about the various aspects associated with the high rise structure, it include infrastructural, social, ecological and economical aspects and their various consequences and consideratio

Một số ý kiến gần đây cho rằng việc xây dựng nhà cao tầng là giúp xây dựng đô thị nén – một xu hướng lành mạnh của phát triển đô thị. Tuy nhiên, xây nhà cao tầng không đúng cách còn phản tác dụng khi xây dựng đô thị nén là các nỗ lực tổng hợp nhằm quản lý tăng trưởng thông minh hơn chống lại sự phát triển dàn trải và sự lệ thuộc vào phương tiện cá nhân. Bài viết thảo luận về đô thị nén với mục tiêu vận dụng kinh nghiệm cách thức quản lý phát triển thông minh hơn vào thực tiễn ở Việt Nam.

This study is concerned with reviewing and analyzing methods used in early design stages to mitigate wind effects on high-rise buildings. In order to mitigate wind effects on structures and specifically high-rise buildings, early stage aerodynamic design decisions are made. Architects try to mitigate the wind effects on buildings by choosing the right form configuration like tapering or setbacks, etc., or by making vital decisions in the early design stage. However, structural engineers utilize the structural system that can best counteract forces acting on the stability of the building. For both architects and engineers there are many tools which can be used in early design including advanced analysis methods, wind tunnel testing and wind studies combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. This study reviews general architectural and structural design configurations performed in the early phases of the design process, for achieving structural stability, comfort and cost control. The research methodology depends on the study and analysis of different international building examples, and also by reviewing two local high-rise building cases in Amman, Jordan. The study concludes that there are many architectural aerodynamic configurations for the purpose of mitigating wind loads, which can be used as guidelines in the early design phases.

High-rise buildings, which have become a significant part of the urban habitat, is particularly notorious for their delayed completion times. Though, there exists a plethora of studies on construction delays, the problem however is insufficient research on prescriptive methods to mitigate delays. Thus, this study sought to employ Machine Learning (ML) techniques to learn from historical data on high-rise construction to forecast potential delay times. An input data containing 9 features, and 12 cases was used. Initially five feature sets were built based on the recursive feature elimination process. Further to that was the classification process that employs the following ML techniques: Multi-Linear Regression Analysis (MLRA), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) to determine delay times. The predictive performance of these techniques was measured using their correlation co-efficient (R2) and their Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSE). The best three models according to the ML techniques used was SVM with 2 features (R2 0.56, RMSE 1.6), ANN with 2 features (R2 0.49, RMSE 1.83), and KNN with all features (R2 0.46, RMSE 1.71). To seek improvement of the predictive performance of the models developed, the three best performing models were combined using fixed and trained rules. The results showed an improvement for a fixed rule based on the minimum values with (R2 0.59, RMSE 1.65). The study has significant implications in the risk management process of high-rise projects to avoid delays. The originality is evident in that this is the first study that employs ML in predicting construction delay times.

The explicit use of references in Steven Holl's oeuvre allows for the review of his design process, interests and influences. By connecting these to disciplinary imagery, the text dives in those references - both internal and external to architecture - to explain how they define, in Holl's work, a notion of form and program that is something much more complex than just fulfilling specific requirements of use or function.

There are few types of building where
construction method, design of the spaces
and architectural expression are as closely
linked as in tower blocks. And this link is
so strong mainly because of the growing
importance of structure in the design.
The text aims to show how architects
appropriated technical aspects in their
formal research, for both spaces and
the expression of the building, and how
engineers rely on formal aspirations to
advance construction techniques. Thus,
for office buildings, attention is focused
on the shape and position of the central
core relative to the peripheral structural
elements, while housing projects favour
elongated and shallow volumes, where
the shape of the load-bearing elements matches the partitioning of the various housing units. This joint research for optimising the project arises out of a rich and varied tradition, over more than half a century, of high-rise building in Brussels.

Nowadays, societies are not able to live without energy. After 1970׳s energy crises, energy has become a more serious issue and environmental protection is one of the most important considerations in countries׳ sustainable development. Different types of energies such as thermal, electricity and so on are used in people׳s daily lives. Many of these energy types are derived from sedimentary sources like oil, gas and coal, which are not interminable. So, one of the fundamental challenges of today׳s world is seeking renewable energy alternatives such as solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal and so on, to replace the fossil fuels. This attempt should be done in all sections like transportation, industry, buildings and etc. Building section is one of the greatest energy consumer sectors. In this sector, high-rise buildings with their vast facades have a great potential to consume sustainable energies. For instance they can easily gain solar radiations. Thus, here, the emphasis has been put on the practices and attempts done to take advantages of solar radiation as an energy source in high-rise buildings.

Although there are many appreciable scientific solutions for energy efficiency problems, there are still huge gaps, especially negligence in analyzing the effectiveness of different passive solar strategy criteria, found in high-rise buildings as an imminent part of a new society. Therefore, the authors׳ main attempt is to understand how passive solar design strategies are implemented in the case study, the Frankfurt Commerzbank Tower. This has been done to obtain an environmental friendly pattern of high-rise buildings. This study is based on a theoretical approach supported mainly by the outcomes of literature review and case study analysis from the solar design aspects. The results of this research show that sustainable skyscrapers, which benefit from solar energy design, can be more energy efficient, using different solar passive strategies.

The paper presents an educational method used in teaching design of high-rise buildings in the city center. The author outlines the processes developed by students, the tools they used and the final results of design studio project and the supporting seminar, focused on exploring information processes in design. For the purpose of the design studio the students developed their own generative strategies that allowed incorporating optimization procedures into the design process. Within the framework of the seminar classes students developed individual optimization tools with the use of genetic algorithms in order to explore the search space and select the best possible architectural solutions for the specified criteria. The students used the above-mentioned tools mostly during the building's form-finding design stage or attempted to optimize just the building structure.

Across the country, luxury and high-rise residential buildings have the highest comfort level and luxury living conditions. In these types of buildings, heating and cooling are carried out by high capacity mechanical systems during the year in order to ensure highest thermal comfort. Especially, these buildings are ventilated by mechanical ventilation systems generally for supplying fresh air and the humidity of supplied air is controlled by humidification and dehumidification systems. As general, all these HVAC systems are controlled by building automation systems in these types of buildings. Moreover, initial investment costs of these HVAC systems are quite high due to their high capacity and complexity so annual energy consumptions are much higher than HVAC systems of other residential building types. Besides, energy consumptions of all these systems depend on fossil resources generally and this dependence brings greater damage to atmosphere and environment due to the high amount of carbon emissions. Consequently, the reduction of energy consumption of these buildings is very necessary improving the energy performance of their HVAC systems. The European Union published Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) to develop the energy efficiency of the buildings assessing energy performance and certificate them. In line with this directive, the case study luxury and high-rise residential building was selected in pilot area in Turkey and analyzed its current energy performance. Then optimum energy efficiency level of this building was determined performing improvement packages considering building complex structure and / or construction site and feasible renewable energy technologies.

There has been a growth in extensive research aimed at examining the effects of seismic events on the performance of a structure. Buildings have a tendency to exhibit inelastic deformation in during seismic activities and post-elastic behavior. Hence, better insights of the performance of structure can be obtained by examining its post-elastic behavior. Non-linear static analysis (also known as Pushover Analysis) is an improved and effective modern way of examining structural performance in the event of potential seismic impact. Such an approach involves horizontally pushing a structure using a predetermined loading pattern which constantly increases over time thereby making it possible to determine the collapse conditions, associated lateral displacement and total applied shear force. It offers a sound Perception of Structural Performance against earthquake as well as damages suffered. Thus, pushover analysis makes it feasible to ascertain the responsive behavior of buildings in non-linear zones which is not catered for by conventional elastic designs.

در این مطالعه به بررسی عملکرد لرزه ای یکی از سیستم های سازه‌ای برای ساختمانهای بلند پرداخته شده است . نوع سیستم مورد بررسی  قرار گرفته سيستم با هسته برشي و مهار بازويي  است كه جزو سيستم هاي داخلي محسوب مي‌شود ، اين سيستم شكل اصلاح شده قاب مهاربندي و قاب با ديوار برشي مي باشد . به عنوان يك سيستم مؤثر ، سيستم هسته برشي با مهار بازويي ، متشكل از يك هسته مركزي با خرپاهاي بازويي است كه هسته را به ستونهاي خارجي متصل مي‌كنند.
در اين تحقيق هدف بررسي عملكرد لرزه‌اي چنين سيستم اي بوده است به طوريكه  سازه‌ای 42 طبقه بتنی به ارتفاع 150 متر برای بارهای محتمل با روش تحلیل دینامیکی طیفی  آنالیز و طراحی گردیده است سپس با نتایج بدست آمده از تحلیل استاتیکی غیر خطی، به بررسی توالی ايجاد مفاصل پلاستيك  پرداخته شده است بطوریکه، ایجاد مفاصل پلاستیک در مهار‌بازویی را نشان می‌دهد و همچنین، هیچ کدام از مفاصل ایجاد شده در پوش سازه تا تغییر مکان هدف، به ناحیه فرو‌ریزش وارد نشدند‌. در ترازهای دارای مهار بازویی دریفت طبقات کاهش پیدا کرد و عملکرد این سیستم در کنترل تغییر مکان‌های جانبی بسیار ملموس می‌باشد.

Construction of tall buildings in societies is rising up for the increased population and limitation in horizontal expansion of cities. Therefore, behavior of these structures against earthquake essentially requires investigation. Recent research has shown that frequency content parameter of an earthquake has remarkable impacts on seismic response of buildings. This study aimed to investigate direct effects of frequency content on high – rise buildings. Thus, six Reinforced Concrete (RC) central core 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35- story buildings were built in open source software OpenSees, and their seismic behavior under seismic records with various frequency contents were investigated. In this research, non – linear dynamic Time – History was carried out and also behavior of buildings was compared in drift, shear force of stories, and maximum displacement of stories. Results of Time – History analysis showed that low – frequency content records have the highest effects on buildings. Most of the responses of drift and displacement of stories pertained to low – frequency contents in low – rise 10 and 15-story buildings. Although the most shear force of stories was related to low – frequency contents, with increasing height of buildings, shear force of stories increased, too. So that under Kobe Japan record which has the lowest frequency content among all records in this paper. Maximum shear force of stories was 6840 ton in 10-story building, whereas it was 12332 ton in 35- story building.

The paper presents an educational method used in teaching design of high-rise buildings in the city center. The author outlines the processes developed by students, the tools they used and the final results of design studio project and the supporting seminar, focused on exploring information processes in design. For the purpose of the design studio the students developed their own generative strategies that allowed incorporating optimization procedures into the design process. Within the framework of the seminar classes students developed individual optimization tools with the use of genetic algorithms in order to explore the search space and select the best possible architectural solutions for the specified criteria. The students used the above-mentioned tools mostly during the building's form-finding design stage or attempted to optimize just the building structure.

This article paper is one of the “Most Read” in the LinkedIn Publishing platform, which has been made and provides a course background based on hands-on experiences with the requirement of Fire System Design and Analysis as part of the building built design and construction involving any facilities, which is an environmental design process and management from start to finish methodology. An introduction that will give a glimpse concerning the Fire System design within the building construction based on the client requirement and purpose of the development that explains and discuss the critical phases, elements, usage, and functions of every detail of the project. Moreover, this article talked about fire scenario that was happened in the Europe region within the two high rise building aspects due to the negligence of concerned parties and developer that caused residents fatalities and accidents drastically.
This article is an excerpt topic and edited from "Fire System Design and Analysis" approved AIUs Master Subject Curriculum Course of a research thesis submitted to the Atlantic International University School of Science and Engineering (AIU SCE USA) with a Grade of 4.00 ("A+") earned the Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering in 2010-2012 with 3.78 GPA. However, this thesis write-up is one of the sources in the Thesis Dissertation from PUP (Polytechnic University of the Philippines) Master of Science in Construction Management (MSCM). Also, a theoretical background of Ph.D. Course Thesis, “Building Fire Protection and Safety Engineering,” from the AIU SCE USA with an excellent marked “A+” (4.00) grade earned for this doctoral course subject, 2016-18 – Ph.D.in Building and Construction Engineering.

At present buildings with floating column is a typical feature in the modern multistory construction in urban India. There are many projects in which floating columns are adopted, especially above the ground floor, where transfer girders are employed, so that more open space is available in the ground floor. As the load path in the floating columns is not continuous, they are more vulnerable to the seismic activity. Sometimes, to meet the requirements these type of aspects cannot be avoided though these are not found to be of safe. Hence, an attempt is taken to study the behavior of a G+15 multi storey building in which some storey’s are considered for commercial purpose and remaining storey’s are for residential purpose. This paper studies the comparison & seismic analysis of the multistory buildings with floating column and without floating column. Finally, analysis & results in the high rise building such as storey drifts, storey displacement, and Base shear were shown in this study. Design and Analysis was carried out by using Extended Three Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems (ETABS) Software.

This study is concerned with reviewing and analyzing methods used in early design stages to mitigate wind effects on high-rise buildings. In order to mitigate wind effects on structures and specifically high-rise buildings, early stage aerodynamic design decisions are made. Architects try to mitigate the wind effects on buildings by choosing the right form configuration like tapering or setbacks, etc., or by making vital decisions in the early design stage. However, structural engineers utilize the structural system that can best counteract forces acting on the stability of the building. For both architects and engineers there are many tools which can be used in early design including advanced analysis methods, wind tunnel testing and wind studies combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. This study reviews general architectural and structural design configurations performed in the early phases of the design process, for achieving structural stability, comfort an...

In the early structures at the beginning of the 20th century, the building height is observed more and more slender,
and more susceptible to sway and hence dangerous in the earthquake and the world’s population growth rate is increasing day
by day. Meeting to the demands of population growth, the decrease of available free land and increase of land prices especially
in urban areas has tended to develop buildings vertically.it has been a task of a structural engineer to come out with a good
structural system. In the seismic design of the buildings, reinforced concrete structural walls or shear-wall, act as major
earthquake resisting members. Structural walls provide an efficient bracing system and offer great potential for lateral load
resistance. In the present study, various lateral load resistance systems have been introduced that can inhibit lateral forces which
improves the strength and stiffness of column such as Shear wall system, Tube system, Beam Column System & Diagrid System.

Ova knjiga je nastala kao rezultat višegodišnjeg rada na predmetu i diplomskom modulu „Visoki objekti u arhitekturi“ koji se izučava u oviru master studija na Arhitektonskom fakultetu Univerziteta u Sarajevu i kroz više različitih kolegija na Katedri za konstruktivne sisteme i Katedri za arhitektonske konstrukcije i tehnologiju građenja. Problematika visokih objekata izuzetno je kompleksna u cjelokupnom procesu realizacije, od planiranja, projektovanja, izvođenja i održavanja. Zahtijevi koji se postavljaju pred ovakve građevine višestruko prevazilaze standardne propise, normative i pravilnike i zahtijevaju poseban pristup. Projektovanje i izvođenje ovih konstrukcija zahtijeva jedan ogroman napor, istraživački rad, nove i inovativne tehnologije, jače i pouzdanije građevinske materijale koje treba razviti, volju i odlučnost da se poduzme rizičan korak da objekat bude viši, ali i sigurniji za korištenje. Prepostavlja se da je utrka u postizanju što veće visine tornjeva započela prije nekih 5000 godina u Mezopotamiji i pretvorila se u stalnu borbu koja i dalje traje. ...

Diagrid structures are an exterior structures which is consisting of diagonal struts and ties in the periphery and an interior core. These diagonal members carry gravity load and lateral load by the axial action of member. Due to the structural efficiency of diagrids, interior and corner columns can be eliminated thereby providing flexibility in the floor plan. The diagrid structures are emerging as popular structural system in many developed countries of the world, but in India it is yet to gain importance. This paper presents a review on the literature of diagrid structures. Studies conducted on diagrid structures to determine the diagrid angle for most economical design. The objective of this paper is to study the performance of diagird structural system in high rise building subjected to lateral load. Study of the literature is reviewed in this paper on behavior of diagrid structure by compare with conventional structure for parameter like time period, top storey displacement, storey shear, storey drift and steel weight.

For the construction of high rise buildings in mega projects where the quantum of work is more, the construction and execution process must be efficient. Various methods of construction are available, and the choice must be made. This paper determines the criteria for selection of construction method based on Speed, Cost, and Quality. The analysis is made by comparing the Conventional Formwork System, Aluminium Formwork System, and Tunnel Formwork System. Productivity is the parameter of the quantum of work involved in a project which considers the speed of construction, cost of construction and reusability of the formwork in the above-mentioned construction methods. Variation in the productivity with a change in its parameters gives the threshold value to serve as the formwork selection criteria. This threshold of the quantum of work is compared with the estimated work of the proposed project to make the decision. The formwork cost and the rate of development for a square meter of the built-up area are calculated and verified from the data obtained at the case study for various formwork systems. It is compared with results obtained by the thumb Rule analysis made by considering the cost and market value for development. The justification and inference are made based on the results obtained by Rate Analysis, Thumb Rule Analysis, and Productivity Analysis. The paper gives the summarized report on the Interpretation of the Productivity Threshold and its comparison with the obtained and analyzed data.

See also above in Articles section: Charles Correa: An Infinity of Traces (Illustrated) ArchitectureLive! , 2022

The chapter, commissioned during India's Golden Jubilee, reviews the contribution of Architect Charles Correa to nation-building, against the backdrop of 50 years of modern architecture in post-Independent India (1947-1997). Footnotes that went missing in the published piece have been reinstated as endnotes in this upload.

Some projects can be seen in the illustrated seed-essay "Style Maestro" below.

(Adjunct Professor H Masud Taj has conducted Asian Architecture seminars but is not "Professor, Asian Studies" p.65).

In building design, an outrigger denotes a rigid horizontal structural element used to improve strength and resistance to overturning. Because they don’t require closely spaced perimeter columns and spandrel beams, outrigger-braced systems have replaced the framed tube as the premier lateral system in tall buildings (Choi, 2012). These outriggers, comprised of multiple story deep trusses or girders, connect a building’s lateral-load resisting core to perimeter columns to prevent free cantilever rotation (Taranath, 1998). Outriggers can connect to perimeter columns on mechanical floors, saving the structural system from intruding on rentable floor space. An outrigger-braced building has less story drift and will have 30 to 40 percent less overturning moment in the core when compared to a free cantilever (Lame, 2008). In the case of supertall towers with mega columns designed for drift control, the reduction in core overturning can be up to 60 percent (Choi, 2012). Outriggers are an efficient structural solution that dramatically increases architectural possibilities. However, their use ushers in new space-planning complications and structural challenges associated with differential shortening between core and perimeter column members (Nair, 1998). This paper will highlight the benefits, challenges, and solutions associated with outrigger-braced systems in tall buildings.