Ijaret Iaeme

Concrete is a widely used construction material all over the world. The nonavailability or shortage of river sand will affect the construction industry. Hence there is a need to find the new alternative material to replace the present fine aggregate (Msand). However, the raw material resources used for making concrete are degrading day by day. Moreover a lot of modern-day constructions require the development of high-performance concrete (HPC). Partial replacement of cement in HPC with silica fume and again replacement of reinforced steel in HPC with asbestos fiber, steel fiber presents an environmentally friendly way of dealing with increased constructions demands. This paper deals with the study of compressive strength, tensile strength and durability of M20 grade concrete partially replacement of concrete material with combinations of different mineral admixtures. This paper is an attempt to study the behavior of silica fume (8%, 10% & 12% replacement by weight of cement). For hardened concrete the development of compressive strength of Minerals at the age of 1, 3, 7 and 28 days are investigated and compared with respect to mineral dosage variations.

Demolition of old structures to make way for new and modern ones are common features inmetropolitan areas due to rapid urbanization. However, very little demolished concrete is recycled or reused. The strict environmental laws and lack of dumping sites in urban areas, on one hand, are makingthe disposal of demolition wastes problematic while, on the other hand, the quarrying of raw materials is becoming dif icult. The present work presents the results of experimental investigations carried out toevaluate the effect of partial replacement of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate by dif erent partsof demolished wastes on strength and workability of concrete made. For the study, design mix concrete ofgrade M-30 was prepared using IS 10262-2009. Thereafter, the replacement of dif erent constituents ofconcrete, one at a time was carried out by replacing these with the dif erent sieved fractions of crusheddemolition waste. The compressive strength at 7, 14 and 28 days and workability in terms of slump valuewere measured. The compressive strength of these mixes was measured on 150mm cubes. Test resultsshow that the behavior of recycled waste concrete The compressive strength of recycled concrete with 0%, 20% 25% and 30% coarse aggregate replacement by demolition waste coarse aggregate at 7,14 and28 days is comparable to that of referral concrete. The compressive strength of recycled concrete madeusing 5% of demolition waste coarse aggregate is almostsimilar to referral concrete. Further, the resultsindicate that still higher replacement of the constituent materials is possible without much compromisingthe 28 days strength and workability

In this paper a linear programming technique is applied to determine the optimise other process cost of cultivation of major veg - tables in Coimbatore by using TNAU Horticulture department data with respect to various factors. In this paper we are using simplex method to maximizing the profit. Linear programming technique is relevant in optimization of resource allocation & achieving effectively in production planning particularly in achieving increased agriculture production of food crops (tomato, bhendi, chilli).

In our project work, the possibilities of using fly ash and copper slag in concrete as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate was investigated. The advancements in concrete can reduce the consumption of natural and energy sources and lessen the burden of pollutants on environment. Copper slag is an industrial by-product material produced from the process of manufacturing copper. Presently large amounts of fly ash are generated in thermal industries with an important impact on environment and humans. The ef ect of fly ash on soils and microorganisms in the soils are influenced by the pH of the ash and trace metal concentration in the ash. Fly ash can become lodged in the deepest part of your lungs, where they trigger asthma, inflammation and immunological reaction. In the present investigation, the incorporation of fly ash and copper slag is studied.

In the field of science and industry and updating them the accuracy of the calculations and operations, need to meet the exact way. As organizations become more complex and specialized, and gradually grew to become competitive environment, they need to react and make decisions quickly and accurately. The potential of application of operations research provide techniques in the field of space such as an efficient means. Today disposal of Operations Research models significantly expanded. This article will impact the use of Operations Research in science and industry and deals with it.

Wellbeing has prime significance in our everyday life. Sound wellbeing is important to accomplish the day by day work appropriately. With huge amounts of new human services innovation new businesses, IoT is quickly altering the social insurance diligence. IoT Based Patient Monitoring System utilizing ESP8266 and Arduino. Wellbeing checking is the serious issue in this day and age. Heartbeat rate and internal heat level readings are recorded over ThingSpeak and Google sheets with the goal that quiet wellbeing can be checked from anyplace on the planet over web. we have structured the IoT Based Patient Health Monitoring System utilizing gadgets. This IoT gadget could peruse the beat rate and measure the encompassing temperature. It constantly screens the beat rate and encompassing temperature and updates them to an IoT stage. We are observing different parameters of the patient utilizing web of things. In the patient checking framework dependent on Internet of things venture, the ongoing parameters of patient's wellbeing are sent to cloud utilizing Internet availability. These parameters are sent to a remote Internet area so client can see these subtleties from anyplace on the planet. There is a significant distinction among customary and IOT based patient observing framework. In IOT based framework, subtleties of the patient wellbeing can be seen by numerous clients. The explanation for this is the information should be observed by visiting a site or URL. Though, in GSM based patient checking, the wellbeing parameters are sent utilizing GSM by means of SMS. Health is the most important part of any human’s life without health it is useless to any treasure of life. Most humans live a busy life in which going to a doctor for weekly or even monthly checkup is an impossible task. Without monitoring your health it is not possible to whether you are a healthy or sick person. This problem leads to the design of a product which monitors your health every day without going to a doctor. In this paper, a system is designed as Wellbeing has prime significance in our everyday life. Sound wellbeing is important to accomplish the day by day work appropriately. With huge amounts of new human services innovation new businesses, IoT is quickly altering the social insurance diligence. IoT Based Patient Monitoring System utilizing ESP8266 and Arduino. Wellbeing checking is the serious issue in this day and age. Heartbeat rate and internal heat level readings are recorded over ThingSpeak and Google sheets with the goal that quiet wellbeing can be checked from anyplace on the planet over web. we have structured the IoT Based Patient Health Monitoring System utilizing gadgets. This IoT gadget could peruse the beat rate and measure the encompassing temperature. It constantly screens the beat rate and encompassing temperature and updates them to an IoT stage. We are observing different parameters of the patient utilizing web of things. In the patient checking framework dependent on Internet of things venture, the ongoing parameters of patient's wellbeing are sent to cloud utilizing Internet availability. These parameters are sent to a remote Internet area so client can see these subtleties from anyplace on the planet. There is a significant distinction among customary and IOT based patient observing framework. In IOT based framework, subtleties of the patient wellbeing can be seen by numerous clients. The explanation for this is the information should be observed by visiting a site or URL. Though, in GSM based patient checking, the wellbeing parameters are sent utilizing GSM by means of SMS. Health is the most important part of any human’s life without health it is useless to any treasure of life. Most humans live a busy life in which going to a doctor for weekly or even monthly checkup is an impossible task. Without monitoring your health it is not possible to whether you are a healthy or sick person. This problem leads to the design of a product which monitors your health every day without going to a doctor. In this paper, a system is designed as a prototype for monitoring alerting based on the health of a person. This system is fully automated little or no human help is needed. Any doctor can monitor this person from anywhere through the internet.

Throughout the world, concrete is being widely used for the construction of most of the buildings, bridges etc. Hence, it has been properly labeled as the backbone to the infrastructure development of a nation. Currently, our country is taking major initiatives to improve and develop its infrastructure by constructing express highways, power projects and industrial structures to emerge as a major economic power and it has been estimated that the infrastructure segment in our country is expected to see investments to the tune of Rs.4356 billion by the year2015.
To meet out this rapid infrastructure development a huge quantity of concrete is required. Unfortunately, India is not having suf icient sources of sand. The main ingredient of concrete and the demand for exceeds the supply and make the construction activities very costlier. Hence, currently, the entire construction industry is in search of a suitable and effective the waste product that would considerably minimize the use of sand and ultimately reduce the construction cost.
Nature common river sand is expensive due to excessive cost of transportation from natural sources. Also large scale depletion of these sources creates environment problems and other constrains which make the availability and use of river sand less attractive. Therefore in order to overcome this drawback, a substitute for sand needs to be found out. Eco-sand and foundry sand is such product attempted in this project.

Expansive soil covers nearly 20% of the land mass in India. It shows major volume change due to change in moisture content. When the soil is dry it shrinks’ and with increase moisture content swells.
This is the major problem for geotechnical engineers. The stabilization is more advantageous method to treat the soft soil. It reduces the cost of the project using industrial waste materials. Utilization of industrial waste materials in the improvement of problematic soils is a cost efficient and environmental friendly method. It helps in reducing disposal problems caused by variousindustrial wastes. However, it is essential to understand the performance of these waste products prior to use.
The present paper evaluates the potential of steel slag with fly ash to stabilize a soft soil. Soil sample were collected from Poondi, Coimbatore district. This soil was classified as per Indian Standard Classification System (ISCS). Dif erent amount of steel slag, i.e. 4, 8 and 12% with dif erent amount of fly ash, i.e. 3, 6 and 9% were used to stabilize the soft soil.
The performance of steel slag with fly ash modified soil was evaluated using compaction compression permeability and index properties test

The management of surface water quality is a major environmental challenge. Monitoring dif erent sources of pollutant load contribution to the surface water is quite a dif icult, laborious and expensive process which sometimes leads to analytical errors also. In the current study, lake water were collected from dif erent locations in the Coimbatore urban to assess water quality for drinking purpose as well as for irrigation purpose by analysing the major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) and anions (HCO3−, Cl−, F−, SO42−, NO3−, CO32−) besides some physical and chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, and total hardness). It is clearly observed that the Kurichi Lake is less contaminated than other lakes because as it is directly connected to Noyyal river whereas Periyakulam Lake is more concentration in potassium, Nitrite, Free ammonia and magnesium due to disposal of domestic sewage water and industrial wastes. Vallankulam, Singanallur and Selvampathy lakes are highly contaminated due to disposal of domestic wastes by the surrounding area. The WQI showed that nearly 30% of the samples were good and the remaining was poor for drinking purpose. Through hierarchical cluster analysis two major groups of cluster were obtained from the sampling. Analysis based on sodium percentage, SAR and Kelley’s ratio showed that 60% of the samples are suitable for irrigation purpose. Statistical analysis like correlation and factor analysis have performed for delineation of ionic relationship.

Groundwater quality of southern India is strongly dependent on bedrock geology and climate but may also be impacted in parts by pollution, particularly from agricultural and industrial sources. Current study, 15 groundwater Samples were collected from dif erent locations in the Kinathukkadavu Taluk, Coimbatore to assess water quality for drinking purpose as well as for irrigation purpose by analyzing the major cations (Ca2+ , Mg 2+ , Na+ , K + ) and anions (HCO3− , Cl− , F − , SO4 2− , NO3− , CO3 2− ) besides some physical and chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, and total hardness). Geographic information system-based groundwater quality mapping in the form of visually communicating contour maps was developed to delineate spatial variation in physico-chemical characteristics of groundwatersamples. Analysis based on sodium percentage shows that 73.33% of samples were unsuitable forirrigation purpose. Computed SAR value shows that 80% of samples are suitable for irrigation, Kelley’s ratio showed that 100% of the samples are suitable for irrigation purpose. GIS based spatial variation Physico-chemical parametersresult indicates that northern east part of the study area have more ionic concentration, which was found to be mainly due to industrial establishment and over-exploitation of ground water

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an important semiconductor material that is used in the production of various industrial products. This paper describes the preparation of ZnO nanoparticles via chemical precipitation method. In precipitation method, the zinc nitrate solution is drop into aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH as precipitating agent. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method and calcinated at 500°C. The structural and optical characterization of ZnO nanoparticles were studied with X-ray Dif ractometer and UV-Visible spectroscopy respectively. X- ray dif raction pattern exhibit the polycrystalline nature with hexagonal wurtzite structure having the preferred orientation along (002) plane. The optical results describe the maximum absorption wavelength at 388 nm and the optical band gap is3.19 eV

In this paper we discuss about a various Operations Research theories and models applied to agriculture, demonstrating them with cases and problems. The purpose of study we have to take the 2 major techniques, linear programming and game theory.

This research study reports the results of analytical findings on forced convection heat transfer & coefficient of friction characteristics of heated tube fitted with plus shape turbulator (PST) inserts. The working fluid used in this study is atmospheric air at 30°C temperature. The analytical tests were conducted for turbulent flow region within the Reynolds number range of 6000 to 24000 using Ansys fluent software. The parameters investigated were the inclination angle (θ=0°, 10°, 15°, 20° & 25°) and direction of inclination (positive and negative). Parameters like pitch to diameter ratio of 2 and blockage area of 40% are kept constant along with the pipe diameter. The study shows that at an inclination angle of 25° in positive direction at Reynolds number of 24000 gives the maximum rate of convective heat transfer in given range of Reynolds number. It is also established that with increment in Reynolds number the Nusselt number also increases. The increment in the Nusselt number is attributed to dividing flow in four ways.

The study aims at identifying the factors affecting time overrun in public construction projects Saudi Arabia from consultants’ viewpoint. To do so, 70 consultants working in public construction completed a structured questionnaire survey and the factors were ranked according to their levels of severity, frequency, and importance. 34 factors were identified through interview with some local construction experts and deep literature review. The analysis of the identified 34 factors indicates that the top five important factors affecting time overrun in public construction projects are: improper planning, poor labor productivity, additional works, rework, and lack of contractor experience. The results also indicate that the top five severe factors affecting time overrun in public construction projects in Saudi Arabia are: bid award for lowest price, poor labor productivity, improper planning, additional work, and lack of contractor experience. While the top five frequent factors are: rework, improper planning, changes in material types and specifications during construction, poor contract management, and poor resource management.

Concrete is the most widely used building material. In worldwide the high rise buildings are constructed by using high strength concrete mode only. Growing demand for construction materials necessitated the usage of alternative materials in the production of conventional concrete. Now a day’s fine aggregate source is reduced due to high consumption, so some material is needed to replacing of sand. The objective of this work is to study the strength and durability properties of concrete. Here M 70 grade concrete used and concrete containing copper slag as partial replacement of fine aggregate and mineral admixture as partial replacement of cement in the concrete mix design. Copper slag content has been 40%as a replacement of fine aggregate and silica fume 5%,10%,15% & 20% and GGBS 5%,10%,15% & 20% as a replacement of cement respectively. This research paper study on strength test& Durability test. The testresults shows 40% replacement of fine aggregate as copper slag gives the more strength. And Silica fume &GGBS as partial replacement of cement (up to 15%). From the results, it was observed that the use of copper slag and mineral admixture in concrete has shown considerable increase in strength and reduction of cost when compared with normal concrete

In this paper, we introduce the concept of soft gβ open sets. Also, we study and introduce the characterization of soft β -normal space based on soft gβ -open sets. These results will be helpful for the future study on soft topology to carry out the general framework for the practical applications and to solve the complicated problems with uncertainities in various fields.

The present work is performed for the manufacturing of bricks or building block from sand, saw dust and waste plastic. The bricks or building blocks are manufactured by mixing m- sand, saw dust and waste plastic by heating at 200 oc. It is an innovation technique in manufacturing the brick. In this study, waste plastic has been used for the preparation of plastic bricks. In this manufacture of plastic bricks sand is used as a replacement of saw dust by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% respectively. 5 mix ratio is used for finding ultimate strength. All the five types of bricks were manufactured with the 1:4 Ratio of bricks. The compressive strength should be find out by using Compressive Testing Machine. The water absorption of plastic bricks decreased with increase in the percentage replacement of sand by saw dust of the plastic bricks. These Bricks are light weight and economically low

The energy exhaust recovery in engines is obtained using turbochargers which are widely used in the automotive industry. A turbocharged engine leads to a better overall system efficiency and a reduction in exhaust emissions compared, at constant power, with a naturally aspirated engine. The numerical approach in the present work is to explore ways of improving the performances of the radial inflow turbine. This work investigates the performances of a radial inflow turbine under steady states conditions and how they are affected by the rotor geometry. The radial inflow turbine is investigated numerically using 3D Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations, the objective hear is to determine the optimum of performance characteristics of the turbine. The building of the geometry and the generation of unstructured meshes are achieved using ANSYS-ICEM software whereas in order to simulate the flow, the ANSYS-CFX code is applied. The numerical method is also used to determine optimum geometrical characteristics such as the optimum of blade number. It has been found that the rotor with 12 blades gives better performances.

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of steel fiber of M20 grade HVFA (High Volume Fly Ash Concrete) concrete with proportion 0.48 water cement ratio. Here cement is partially replaced by 75%, 80%, and 85% of F- class fly ash of by weight. Also dosage of steel fiber in percentage of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight of concrete is used. Aspect ratio of steel fibre used us 60. Compression strength test, split tensile test were performed according to guidelines. The result were compared with results of control mix concrete. Due to addition ofsteel fiber Compression strength, split tensile strength has increased.

This project is achieved to study the ef ect of using solid plastic wastes that resulted from paver blocks. Disposal of plastic waste in an environment is considered to be a big problem due to its very low biodegradability and presence in large quantities. In recent time use of such, industrial wastes from polypropylene (PP) and bakelite (TSWP) were studied as alternative replacements of a part of the conventional plastics of paver blocks. Plastic recycling was taking place on a significant scale in India. As much as 60% of both industrial and urban plastic waste is recycled which obtained from various sources. People in India have released plastic wastes on large scale have huge economic value, as a result of this, recycling of waste plastics plays a major role in providing employment.

This research paper focuses on the biofilm formation can be inhibited on treatment with Supra MIC, MIC and Sub MIC of peptide in dif erent incubation time. Supra MIC of peptide is more potent to eradicate biofilm than MIC and Sub MIC of peptide. The percentage of biofilm concentration gradually decreased when treated with Supra MIC and MIC of peptide in 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Peptides are involved in many biochemical processes and physiological functions in human and other organisms. Within last few years therapeutic peptides are emerged and expanded rapidly relative to overall drugs in the global market

Humans share a universal and fundamental set of emotions which are exhibited through consistent facial expressions. Recognition of human emotions from the imaging templates is useful in a wide variety of human-computer interaction and intelligent systems applications. However, the automatic recognition of facial expressions using image template matching techniques suffer from the natural variability with facial features and recording conditions. In spite of the progress achieved in facial emotion recognition in recent years, the effective and computationally simple feature extraction and classification technique for emotion recognition is still an open problem. Image pre-processing and normalization is significant part of face recognition systems. Changes in lighting conditions produces dramatically decrease of recognition performance. In this paper, the image pre-processing techniques like K-Nearest Neighbor, Cultural Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm are used to remove the noise in the facial image for enhancing the emotion recognition. The performance of the preprocessing techniques are evaluated with various performance metrics

The increasing utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) plays a vital role within the modern grid. The high penetration of the RESs within the electric power network results in challenges to the system’s stability. This paper presents a multifunctional grid connected converter, controlled using current loop control. The multifunctional converter acts as an interface between various non-conventional sources and also the grid. The battery is employed to either supply or store power surges or transients. Multifunctional features of the converter includes active power injection, active power compensation, reactive compensation, harmonics compensation and other modes. The validity of the proposed model is verified within the real-time simulation of Typhoon HIL software.

The increasing utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) plays a vital role within the modern grid. The high penetration of the RESs within the electric power network results in challenges to the system’s stability. This paper presents a multifunctional grid connected converter, controlled using current loop control. The multifunctional converter acts as an interface between various non-conventional sources and also the grid. The battery is employed to either supply or store power surges or transients. Multifunctional features of the converter includes active power injection, active power compensation, reactive compensation, harmonics compensation and other modes. The validity of the proposed model is verified within the real-time simulation of Typhoon HIL software.

Green buildings have developed rapidly around the world due to their efficient features in energy conservation and ability to generate high rental value compared with conventional buildings. However, in Malaysia, few investors want to take the risk of putting money in green buildings due to a lack of local specialists and demand from tenants. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the factors that affect rental depreciation involved in purpose-built of ices (PBOs). This study uses a digital questionnaire that is distributed randomly to local specialists in every field related to the evaluation and construction of buildings throughout the country. The research findings show that site location is ranked as the top factor that influences the depreciation of buildings followed by finishing system and building materials, sound system, building management system, lighting and ventilation system, building design, internal environment monitoring system, building energy-efficiency system and water saving system. This result proves that passive design has a stronger effect on the depreciation rate than active design. The originality of this study lies in the fact that it aims to measure the extent of survival of green buildings in Malaysia from an economic perspective because green development has not been fully adapted as many tenants prefer affordable buildings. The findings provide knowledge of PBO green buildings to enable property managers, investors and researchers to minimise the depreciation effect.

Concrete is a composite material composed of both coarse and fine aggregates (River sand is considered as one of the most used fine aggregate in the world, but with the expansion of the Construction scale of our country, the shortage of river sand resources is becoming more prominent. The P-SAND, it can ease the shortage of river sand and avoid excessive sand mining which can bring ecological environment problems. The composition of sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and conditions. P-SAND is used for plastering and creating renders both internally and externally, its fine particles of plastering sand creates a very smooth and even surface. The P-SAND contains natural sand, crushed stone sand or a combination of any of these. The sand will be hard, durable, clean and free from adherent coating and organic matter and shall not contain clay, silt and dust more than specified. So the strength and properties of the P-SAND is tested before it is utilized in this project. The river sand (fine aggregate) is replaced by sea sand in terms of 100% and 50%. Another test is carried out with replacing river sand with sea sand along with GGBS as coarse aggregate and then several tests were carried out to check its durability. The test results found that it is more significant to use sea sand by partially replacing with river sand

Next to water, concrete is the most used material worldwide for construction of any desired shape or dif erent structure. Concrete has low strength, low ductility and energy absorption. Dif erent concrete require dif erent degrees of durability depending on the exposure environment and properties desired. Concrete ingredients, their proportioning, placing and curing practices, and the service environment determine the ultimate durability and life of concrete. For this purpose to improve the concrete toughness and reduce the amount of defects by adding a some fibers to the concrete for this situation SIFCON type concrete is preferred and the fiber are uniformly distributed and it is dif erent from fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). Slurry-infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) can be considered as a special type of fiber concrete with high fiber content. The fiber content of FRC generally varies from 1to3 percent by volume, but the Fiber content of SIFCON varies between 5 and 20 percent. The network is then infiltrated by a fine liquid cement-based slurry or mortar. It is not having coarse aggregate only have cement and sand or any cementitious material. In view of the above, the objectives of this study are to investigate and provide information about strength of SIFCON, mainly resistance to abnormal loads, impact loads and earthquake loads. Here straight stainless steel and E type glass fiber are used with dif erent volume of fraction, i.e. 6%,8%,10%,12% and cement, sand, fly ash are used 1:1:0.5. The compressive strength of SIFCON is increased 26% when comparing to M30 concrete.

Sugarcane bagasse ash is a byproduct of sugar factories found after burning sugarcane bagasse which itself is found after the extraction of all economical sugar from sugarcane. The disposal of this material is already causing environmental problems around the sugar factories. On the other hand, the boost in construction activities in the country created shortage in most of concrete making materials especially cement, resulting in an increase in price. This study examined the potential use of sugarcane bagasse ash as a partial cement replacement material. In this study, bagasse ash sample was collected from Wonji sugar factory and its chemical properties were investigated. The bagasse ash was then ground until the particles passing the 63μm sieve size reach about 85% and the specific surface area about 4716 cm2/gm. Ordinary Portland cement and Portland Pozzolana cement were replaced by ground bagasse ash at dif erent percentage ratios.
Normal consistency and setting time of the pastes containing Ordinary Portland cement and bagasse ash from 5% to 30% replacement were investigated. The compressive strengths of dif erent mortars with bagasse ash addition were also investigated. Four dif erent C-35 concrete mixes with bagasse ash replacements of 0%, 5%, 15% and 25% of the Ordinary Portland cement were prepared with water to cement ratio of 0.55 and cement content of 350kg/m3 for the control mix.
The test results indicated that up to 10% replacement of cement by bagasse ash results in better or similar concrete properties and further environmental and economic advantages can also be exploited by using bagasse ash as a partial cement replacement material.

This paper analyzes risk-taking on serve to maximize a player’s chances of winning a point on the second serve by either serving a common low risk second serve (with a high second serve percentage) or a high risk second serve by decreasing the second serve percentage but increasing the proportion of points won if the second serve goes in. The notion of “importance” of points is defined and there is evidence to suggest that servers could be encouraged to take more risk on the more “important” points.