Initial Conditions

In this paper, we estimate a model of labor market dynamics among individuals in Romania using panel data for three years, 1994 to 1996. Our motivation is to gain insight into the functioning of the labor market and how workers are coping during this period of economic liberalization and transformation that began in 1990. Our models of labor market transitions for men and women examine changing movements in and out of employment, unemployment, and self-employment, and incorporate speci…c features of the Romanian labor market, such as the role of unemployment bene…ts. We take into account demographic characteristics, state dependence, and individual unobserved heterogeneity by modeling the employment transitions with a dynamic mixed multinomial logit.

The nature of cosmological solutions for a homogeneous, anisotropic Universe given by a Bianchi type-I (BI) model in the presence of a Cosmological constant Λ is investigated by taking into account dissipative process due to viscosity. The system in question is thoroughly studied both analytically and numerically. It is shown the viscosity, as well as the Λ term exhibit essential influence on the character of the solutions. In particular a negative Λ gives rise to an ever-expanding Universe, whereas, a suitable choice of initial conditions plus a positive Λ can result in a singularity-free oscillatory mode of expansion. For some special cases it is possible to obtain oscillations in the exponential mode of expansion of the BI model even with a negative Λ, where oscillations arise by virtue of viscosity.

This paper examines the development of the University of Rhodesia (UR) and identifies a pattern that developed in a path dependent way.  Path dependency captures the notion that choices, that are made when an institution is being formed, tend to have a continuing and lasting influence on the institution far into the future (Sydow, Schreyögg & Koch, 2009).  It is the tendency for a step in one direction to encourage the next step to be in a similar direction, thus keeping the development of an organisation in the same path (Greener, 2002). This study examines initial conditions as a factor that was crucial in the emergence of UR, and helped to perpetuate its dominance over time. The paper is based on a case study of UR from 1945 to 1980. It used semi-structured interviews and document analysis to give in-depth understanding of contextual issues and dynamics shaping the development of UR, and its ensuing path dependency.  Interview data was collected from 73 former students, current and former academics and administrators over a 10-month period. The purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents, and the complete list of respondents evolved through the study using the snowballing technique. Qualitative data was collected and analysed (with the aid of data analysis software, Nvivo 8) according to the grounded theory approach. The study established that the evolution of UR was path dependent and influenced by initial conditions, increasing returns, self-reinforcement, positive feedback and lock-in. This paper looks at the influence of initial conditions as a source of competitive advantage in the evolution of UR.

A systematic study of HBT radii of pions, produced in heavy ion collisions in the intermediate energy regime (SPS), from an integrated (3 + 1)d Boltzmann + hydrodynamics approach is presented. The calculations in this hybrid approach, incorporating an hydrodynamic stage into the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics transport model, allow for a comparison of different equations of state retaining the same initial conditions and final freeze-out. The results are also compared to the pure cascade transport model calculations in the context of the available data. Furthermore, the effect of different treatments of the hydrodynamic freeze-out procedure on the HBT radii are investigated. It is found that the HBT radii are essentially insensitive to the details of the freeze-out prescription as long as the final hadronic interactions in the cascade are taken into account. The HBT radii RL and RO and the RO /RS ratio are sensitive to the EoS that is employed during the hydrodynamic evolution. We conclude that the increased lifetime in case of a phase transition to a QGP (via a Bag Model equation of state) is not supported by the available data.

Some exact solutions of boundary or initial conditions formulated for
Bogomolny equations (derived by using the strong necessary conditions
and associated with some ordinary equation and some partial differential
equations), have been found. Besides, a degeneracy of the hamiltonian
for the restricted baby Skyrme model has been established.

In this paper we investigate theoretically the numerical bias due to the truncation of structurally infinite time forward-looking models, by the means of various terminal conditions. On a general multivariate optimal growth model, we first analytically confirm some well-known heuristic properties for certain extreme spectral cases. However, we show that the heuristic findings stated in the literature, relying on intermediate

We study the asymptotics of solutions of the Boltzmann equation describing the kinetic limit of a lattice of classical interacting anharmonic oscillators. We prove that, if the initial condition is a small perturbation of an equilibrium state, and vanishes at infinity, the dynamics tends diffusively to equilibrium. The solution is the sum of a local equilibrium state, associated to conserved quantities that diffuse to zero, and fast variables that are slaved to the slow ones. This slaving implies the Fourier law, which relates the induced currents to the gradients of the conserved quantities.

The description of the abundance and clustering of haloes for non-Gaussian initial conditions has recently received renewed interest, motivated by the forthcoming large galaxy and cluster surveys, which can potentially yield constraints of the order of unity on the non-Gaussianity parameter fNL. We present tests on N-body simulations of analytical formulae describing the halo abundance and clustering for non-Gaussian initial conditions. We calibrate the analytic non-Gaussian mass function of Matarrese, Verde & Jimenez and LoVerde et al. and the analytic description of clustering of haloes for non-Gaussian initial conditions on N-body simulations. We find an excellent agreement between the simulations and the analytic predictions if we make the corrections and , where q≃ 0.75, in the density threshold for gravitational collapse and in the non-Gaussian fractional correction to the halo bias, respectively. We discuss the implications of this correction on present and forecasted primordial non-Gaussianity constraints. We confirm that the non-Gaussian halo bias offers a robust and highly competitive test of primordial non-Gaussianity.