Land Registry

The power of the Governor to give his consent in certain transactions is provided for in Section 22. Of the Land Use Act and it states:“It shall not be lawful for the holder of a statutory right of occupancy granted by the Governor to alienate his right of occupancy or any part thereof by assignment, mortgage, and transfer of possession, subleases or otherwise howsoever without the consent of the Governor first had and obtained”.

O presente trabalho procura delinear o papel do conservador, perante um pedido de inscrição de hipoteca voluntária, na aplicação do regime das cláusulas contratuais gerais. Nessa medida, os autores identificam casos onde a constituição de hipoteca ou do crédito garantido assenta num contrato de adesão, discutindo em que medida pode o regime jurídico das cláusulas contratuais gerais impedir a aceitação do registo definitivo da hipoteca.
This paper seeks to outline the role of the registrar concerning the Portuguese law on contractual standard terms, in the context of a mortgage registration. The Authors point out cases where the creation of a mortgage is sustained in a pre-formulated standard contract and they discuss to what extent the legal framework of general contractual clauses shall prevent the acceptance of the mortgage by the Land Registry official.

RESUMEN: La ciudad ha pasado a crecer de manera muy expansiva y de forma difusa impulsada por la especulación y el beneficio capitalista. Este hecho da lugar a un proceso de desestructuración urbana. Las estructuras urbanas resultantes son fragmentadas y dispersas. Es la consecuencia de una intensa urbanización capitalista. En este artículo se analiza el caso de Toledo, ciudad de origen histórico y hoy capital de la comunidad autónoma española de Castilla-La Mancha. A través de un método deductivo, basado en el trabajo bibliográfico, la observación y el uso del catastro inmobiliario urbano, se analiza el proceso de urbanización que ha originado una intensa fragmentación de la estructura urbana toledana. Ha sido a causa de un reciente urbanismo comercial y especulativo capitalista. La planificación urbanística de la ciudad ha facilitado este impulso constructivo. Entre 1990 y 2010 se edificaron el 55,5% de los bienes inmuebles de la ciudad. El resultado es una ciudad muy difusa y desarticulada y con grandes espacios intersticiales. El entendimiento del proceso debe servir para evitar en el futuro cometer los mismos errores y partir hacia otro modelo de ciudad.
ABSTRACT: The city has grown in a very expansive and diffuse way driven by speculation and capitalist profit. This fact gives rise to a process of urban disintegration. Capitalist urbanization, construction and property speculation, generate a model of diffuse intense urban expansion. The resulting urban structures are fragmented and scattered. This essay discusses the case of Toledo, city of historical origin and capital of the Spanish autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha nowadays. Toledo is analyzed using a deductive method, based on bibliographic work, observation and the use of urban real estate cadastre, the urbanization process that has given rise to an intense fragmentation of the urban structure of the city. Due to recent commercial and speculative urbanism, the urban planning of the city has facilitated this constructive impulse. 55.5% of the city properties were built between 1990 and 2010. The result is a very diffuse and disjointed city with big interstitial spaces. Understanding this process should serve to avoid making the same mistakes in the future and look for another city model.

e land registry system is one of the essential components of any governance model required to ascertain the ownership records uniquely. is paper reviews the existing literature and provides a detailed literature review consisting of 3 stages based on three research questions (RQ) that highlight the step by step evaluation and analysis. We selected 48 primary articles out of 477 extracted from different scientific databases based on criteria and RQ defined in the research method section. e majority of these papers focus on assessing the identity issues related to the land registry system and reviewing the existing identity models to find the best possible identity model to resolve the identified identity problems in the land registry. is paper examines the current land registry model and its shortcomings. It explains the various blockchain types and their characteristics. It further evaluates the usability of blockchain technology in different aspects of the land registry. Identity management is one of such weaknesses in the blockchain-based land registry model that has been assessed in detail. Identity issues of blockchain-based models have been further evaluated on defined criteria. e paper ends with a discussion on possible identity models and their comparative analysis to ascertain the most suitable identity model to resolve the identity issues of land registry systems.

In June 2012, Rwanda’s national land registry completed a nearly four-year project that mapped every one of the country’s 10.4 million parcels and prepared title documents for 8 million landholders. It was an unprecedented accomplishment in a country in which lack of land titling had weighed on the economy and led to escalating conflict over access to land. The mapping program promised to reduce tensions by establishing an orderly system for registering and transferring landownership. However, the system could work only if Rwandans registered every transaction, and in 2012, a survey found that only about one of every eight landowners had even bothered to pick up their official titles. The registry urgently had to both make it easier to register transactions and build public awareness about the importance of keeping the land database up-to-date. A registry team launched a nationwide campaign to raise awareness about the importance of titling and of reporting all land transactions. Managers simplified procedures and registration forms. And to provide greater access in rural areas, where titling was nearly unknown, the registry decentralized services and introduced a new software platform to speed transactions. By mid 2017, more than 7 million people had collected their titles, and registrations of sales, purchases, and other kinds of transfers had begun to improve. Still, the number of transactions reported in 2016 fell short of the registry’s target, indicating that further work lay ahead.

De kadastrale opmeting van Nederland was gestart in de Franse tijd. Na een impasse werd het project in 1826 hervat. In 1828 waren de landmeters bij Alkemade aangekomen om de grens met de buurgemeenten te verifiëren. Als afgeleid project moest ook de provinciegrens vastgesteld worden. We nemen u mee in een schouw langs de toenmalige grens aan de hand van Eerste Assessor (wethouder) van Alkemade. Samen met Klaas van Bourgonje maken we u wegwijs langs de grens.

De kadastrale opmeting van Nederland was gestart in de Franse tijd. Na een impasse werd het project in 1826 hervat. In 1828 waren de landmeters bij Alkemade aangekomen om de grens met de buurgemeenten te verifiëren. Als afgeleid project moest ook de provinciegrens vastgesteld worden in 1827.
In dat jaar waren de landmeters Jan Hendrik Kips en Cornelius Groll in Alkemade, Leimuiden en Rijnsaterwoude om de provinciegrens tussen Noord- en Zuid-Holland “na te lopen” en correcties door te voeren.
Ze kwamen op 19 juli bijeen in her raadhuis van Alkemade aan de Oude Wetering met de burgemeesters van Leimuiden, Rijnsaterwoude en Alkemade. Burgemeester Pieter van Veen fungeerde als gastheer.
Over de provinciegrens, Alkemade grensde aan de oostzijde toen nog aan Noord-Holland, waren de landmeters en het snel eens. Het midden van de Oude Wetering was de grens. Aan de noordoostzijde van Alkemade liep de grens vanaf de Vuurbaak in een rechte lijn door het Haarlemmermeer naar de noordpunt van het eiland Abbenes.

Een half jaar later kwam landmeter J. H. Kips terug om de gemeentegrens nader te onderzoeken. Hij begaf zich op 5 januari 1828 naar “de gemeente van Alkemade, alwaar wij gevonden hebben de Heer Eerste Assessor”. Volgens de kadastrale voorschriften had de landmeter eigenlijk de burgemeester moeten treffen, Pieter van Veen, met wie hij een half jaar de provinciegrens had besproken. Van Veen was echter op 11 oktober 1827 overleden. Alkemade had nog geen opvolger, zodat de Eerste Assessor de honneurs waarnam.
Samen met Klaas van Bourgonje maken volgde de landmeter de grens.
Het startpunt lag in het toenmalige Leidse Meer tussen Lisse en het eilandje de Vennep. Op een hedendaagse kaart is daar nog steeds de westpunt van het voormalige eiland Abbenes herkenbaar, waar een baak voor de scheepvaart stond.
Met de wijzers van de klok mee volgden ze via het meer de Oude Wetering, het Braassemermeer tot aan het Paddegat, waar ze aan land gingen bij het Zuideinde. Hierna werd het ingewikkeld via diverse sloten tussen Roelofarendsveen en de Veenderpolder (toen nog in Woubrugge), de Oude Ade, de Achterwatering om via de grens met Leiderdorp uit te komen bij het Vennemeer, Zevenhuizer vaart en uiteindelijk Kaag-dorp.

De landmeter legde zijn bevindingen neer in zogenaamde artikelen. Aan elke belendende gemeente werd een artikel gewijd in de vorm van een proces verbaal, dat de betrokken burgemeesters of assessoren ondertekenden. Alkemade was een relatief grote gemeenten en had daardoor veel buurgemeenten, wel negen: Lisse, de Vennip, Leimuiden, Rijnsaterwoude, Woubrugge, Hoogmade, Leiderdorp, Lage Boekhorst en Warmond. Het waren er zoveel dat de opsomming niet op het formulier paste.

In de beschrijving van de grens maakte de landmeter gebruik van herkenbare landschapselementen met een toelichting van de percelen: eigenaar, weiland, bosschage of een grenspaal. De grens met Woubrugge was het meest grillig. De uitvoerige beschrijving van die grens in het proces verbaal nam twee kantjes in beslag.

Er is veel veranderd sinds 1828: Woubrugge heeft de Veenderpolder afgestaan in 1959, de gemeente Hoogmade is bij Woubrugge gevoegd in 1855, toen ook de gemeenten Vrije en Lage Boekhorst en de Vennip bij Alkemade en Hillegom kwamen. En in 1852 viel de Meer droog.
Ook lag de gemeente Leimuiden tot 1 januari 1865 in de provincie Noord-Holland.

A tecnologia blockchain surge como um modelo totalmente inovador de registro em uma cadeia de blocos, no qual a confiança parece deixar de ser um problema. O debate sobre o uso da nova ferramenta saiu do campo das criptomoedas e passou a permear a área notarial e registral, que ostenta um sistema que guarda bastante similaridade em seu âmago. Surgiram teses de que a blockchain poria fim aos Cartórios como um todo. Por outro lado, também há teses que defendem que não é possível a substituição de um sistema pelo outro. O presente artigo afere, com base na metodologia de pesquisa, os impactos e a viabilidade da aplicação da tecnologia blockchain na atividade notarial e registral.

When he won Indonesia’s October 2004 presidential election, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono found he had inherited a struggling land administration system that would block progress on some of his key policy initiatives. The National Land Agency (known by the abbreviation BPN, for Badan Pertanahan Nasional) managed records on landownership and transactions. But the organization was dogged by corruption, high costs, and delays. On average, it took 33 days, six visits to a local land office, and US$110 for landowners to register property transactions. In addition, the BPN held ownership records for only a third of the estimated 89 million land parcels on the thousands of islands in the sprawling archipelago. In keeping with his campaign pledge to spur rural development, Yudhoyono appointed a new leadership team to revamp the BPN and get the agency on track. The team partnered with the World Bank in a program to title unregistered land and then rolled out a new land database that digitally stored all new transactions, equipped vehicles to deliver mobile services in rural areas, and worked with other ministries to design a comprehensive OneMap for the country. Although the reforms improved efficiency and sharply increased the pace of property registration, 10 years after Yudhoyono’s election it remained clear that additional measures were still needed to reach the goal of a well-functioning, corruption-free, comprehensive, and sustainable land registry.