Literary Science

The text explores the understanding of the term „haiku” in the studies of French literary critic and theoretician Roland Barthes. Observing and analysing the key points in Barthes’ texts, it is called attention to an expanded and redefined understanding of the term of „haiku“, which is found both in the visual art and in the art of language. As a classical short form of Japanese literature, haiku is treated universally in Barthes’ thought as a general unit of being, i.e., the perceptive “I” and its expression - more precisely, as a fragment, all in accordance with Barthes’ vision of the subject discourse as discontinuous and fragmentary. Furthermore, Barthes’ „haiku“ becomes a term that, from the point of view of comparative aesthetics, penetrates various artistic practices, literature and visual art, distinctively profiling itself as a specific aesthetic term against the one that survives in the practice of another culture, the Far Eastern culture of Japan. Haiku emerges at the same time as one of the key terms of the literary science and a „tool” of the aesthetics of the unfinished, overcoming its own geographical boundaries by having expanded the boundaries of its initial, Far Eastern determination.

In this article, the importance of literary prizes and literary translation prizes is investigated by following the phases of the cultural transfer process. Starting with a reflection on consecration and canonisation in connection to literary prizes, various descriptions of the cultural transmitter are discussed. The article demonstrates that local, national and international literary prizes contribute to the cultural transfer process and that translation prizes, awarded after the successful cultural transfer of a literary work, enable further success in the field of world literature, which might bring the writer ultimate consecration. One condition of such success is that, at some point in the cultural transfer process, the literary work is translated into English. The article concludes that, despite their invisibility in the literary field as described by Bourdieu and others, cultural transmitters and literary prizes are decisive factors in the cultural transfer process.

This present work is emerged from the group of literary studies of the Faculty of Communication / Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia, “ Canonization of the Colombian novel into the national literary historiography” ( 2006) and the result of the works “Affinities and resistances in Colombian narrative”, doctoral thesis written by the author mentioned above and “elements for the periodization of the Colombian literature. It is an approach toward the discussion; it is an investigation leaded by a group of Colombian researchers “Tradition of word”. It makes an approach upon the literary concept applied for studying Colombian literature. For designing a theory structure (marco teorico) that could fulfill the complex objective of the present investigation about the Colombian literature, the discussions that took place about the theme have profoundly used some ruptures or weak points of the rough aspects of the concepts about the literary theory in order to explore the potentialities that ...

The concept of Bahujan literature is based on the sum total of the literary contribution of a writer. Hence, it also has place for Dwij writers with an unflinching commitment to the cause of the deprived communities. As we have been arguing in the columns of FORWARD Press, the concept of Bahujan literature is a huge umbrella, under which Dalit, Tribal and women’s literature will flourish. Additionally, critical evaluation of the literature and shared values of the OBCs, Pasmandas and nomadic castes should also be attempted. Only this concept of Bahujans would be able to push the elitist literature to the margins.

Minangkabau traditional house is part of Indonesia's rich cultural asset with its historical and normative values. Beside custom homes, Minangkabau traditional building also serves as a place to stay in the context of human habitat but has slowly endangered its sustainability. The purpose of this study was to analyze the current physic conditions of this type of building by area. The study also aims to analyze the community participation in preserving this building in West Sumatra Indonesia. This is a quantitative study. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire survey. The total of this type of building amounts to 1,122. The study found that nearly 19.37 % of traditional buildings are not occupied because of damages. In addition, there are influences of urbanization impact in urban community on the sustainability of the buildings. This research, suggested that the government should emphasize both maintenance and protection of traditional buildings by establishing poli...

Domnia Elisabetei I (1558-1603) a marcat, în istoria Angliei o epocă de apogeu a statului și societății engleze. Anglia a devenit una dintre marile puteri europene și, neîndoielnic, a devenit principala putere maritimă a lumii prin detronarea neînfrântei Armada spaniolă (1588). Evenimentul istoric n-ar fi fost atât de marcant în epocă, dacă nu însăşi regina n-ar fi însufleţit şi îmbărbătat trupele engleze. Epoca de înflorire economică și socială a generat o efervescență creatoare în toate domeniile vieții culturale anglo-saxone. Este suficient să amintim câteva dintre marile realizări ale epocii elisabetane în domeniul cultural: scriitorii William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, filozoful Francis Bacon își făcea cunoscut sistemul său filosofic și politic. Francisc Drake face înconjurul lumii și se pun bazele primelor colonii în America de Nord. Regina însăși va cocheta cu proza și poezia și va sprijini dezvoltarea artelor și culturii. Scriitorii epocii, ca și în antichitatea romană, au satirizat pretențiile și încercările literare ale potentaților epocii, indiferent dacă satira era mai mult sau mai puțin îndreptățită. Nero a avut pretenții de artist complet, asta nu l-a aruncat în vâltoarea marilor scriitori ai literaturii romane! Epoca, însăși, este o sursă a motivelor dramatice renascentiste care apar în opera shakespeariană. Nu este o punere în scenă a renascentismului, ci o revalorizare a omului antic prin filtrul realismului şi umanismului secolelor al XVI-lea-al XVII-lea. Miturile antice au fost reevaluate şi reinterpretate în epoca medievală, încât, mitul gemenilor ca generator de trame dramatice devine superfluu. Shakespeare este maestru în a exploata aceste piste dramatice, dar oare este chiar el, şi în a le repune pe tapetul "commedia dell arte" elisabetane, căci există acest gen dramatic în secolele XVI-XVII în Anglia reformată, fără a agresa bunul-simţ medieval, ci, mai degrabă, pentru a potenţa lirismul şi realismul unui secol încă încărcat de misticism şi luptă pentru recunoaştere religioasă. Renașterea, în ansamblu, este o perioadă în care concepția generală despre lume și viață, raporturile cu divinitatea și instituțiile clericale se schimbă profund. Este perioada în care se pun bazele cercetării științifice, descoperirile epocii influențând mult gândirea filozofică. Se pun bazele unei gândiri raționaliste și științifice prin afirmarea principiului heliocentric (N. Copernic), descoperirea unor legi ale mecanicii, progresele înregistrate în studiul corpului uman, toate acestea vor contrazice concepția biblică promovată de biserică. Descoperim aici spiritul de frondă și de negare promovat de întreaga concepție despre lume și viață a renașterii. Ateismul, afirmat cu jumătate de gură într-o epocă de triumf al Inchiziției, este literă de lege în renascentism. Scriitorii epocii se distanțează de credință "ca dracul de tămâie", dar nu încetează să-i valorifice valențele creatoare. Morala creștină, mai mult sau mai puțin trecută prin filtrul empirismului renascentist, este valorificată, fără a fi exaltată și fundamentalistă. Avem de a face cu o nouă concepție despre lume și viață care încearcă să modeleze credința după calapodul religiei și nu invers, cum face teologia catolică. Ideologiile milenariste, precum creștinismul păcătuiesc prin aceea că încearcă să modeleze societatea, corp viu și în plină transformare, după niște modele ideale. Shakespeare va beneficia o perioadă de sprijinul și favorurile reginei. Cunoaște o înflorire arta dramatică prin revigorarea teatrelor mai vechi și înființarea unora noi. Cel mai celebru teatru al epocii fiind "Globe", la care dramaturgul a fost acționar și actor în cea mai productivă perioadă a vieții sale artistice.

In the paper, the author has examined the principles of design and structure of key content-thematic chapters (“Sexuality”, “Identity”, “Finance”, “War/Terrorism”, etc.) in one of the fundamental literary compendiums of the recent years – “The Routledge Companion to Twenty-First Century Literary Fiction”. This edition proposes a scientific systematization of key issues related to the discourse of English-language literature of the XXI Century. The authors of the chapters pay attention to the genre of the novel, which represents the key philosophical, genological, narrative modifications in the stream of the contemporary fiction of Great Britain, the United States and some other countries. “The Routledge Companion…” summarizes the logic of the development of the contemporary literary process in English-speaking countries, emphasizing the forms of distancing from the postmodern novel and defining those worldviews, narratives and otheraspects that give grounds to talk about the emergen...

Post truth relates to circumstances whereby objective facts are less influential in shaping the opinion of the public, rather appealing to personal belief and emotion. Post truth era is bordering a blurry line between lies and truths, dishonesty and honesty, nonfiction and fiction. The entire phenomenon of post truth is about an individual’s opinion being worth more than the facts. As such, the present paper seeks to understand new insights or perspectives in literary criticism in the post truth era. The criticism of the literature was always based on broad schools of thoughts/theories, which were employed for many centuries. Some of the traditional approaches the paper highlights include: formalistic criticism, biographical criticism, historical criticism, gender criticism, psychological criticism, sociological criticism, mythological criticism, reader-response criticism, and deconstructionist criticism. Equally, the paper extensively analyzes some of the new perspectives or insigh...

Literary scholars and English teachers will recognize the word prolepsis as a term describing the moment in a short story or novel when the reader becomes fully cognizant of past, present, and future events all in one instant. This is a moment of heightened insight, transcending historical sedimentation. “A proleptic moment is any experience” of a text that shifts the reader/viewer/listener outside of “linear segmentation of time and creates a holistic understanding of the past, present, and future simultaneously” (Slattery, 2013, p. 305). Prolepsis is the moment when all of the events of the narrative coalesce. The proleptic experience may unfold in the opening pages of a novel like the progressive moment of currere, as in Faulkner’s (1929/1990) The Sound and the Fury. Or, perhaps the proleptic experience is a regressive currere or climax at the end of a film or narrative that is self-evident but not comprehended, as in Murder on the Orient Express. As a literary device, often call...

Comparative literature was born with the national paradigm of literary historiography in the early nineteenth century when literary studies, together with other historical and comparative studies, were institutionalized as a particular field of research and higher education. The cognitive pattern generated by this paradigm comprises both national literary studies and comparative literature. They are both instances of comparatism, solidly anchored in a national context as its basic and indispensable point of reference rather than in the border crossing life of literary texts. In contrast, the comparative reasoning of the twenty first century, as exemplified by the emerging interest in world literature studies, attempts to cultivate the comparativity of the literary texts themselves – their potential to engage with several possible contexts of comparison beyond the standard theories and methods of comparatism and without giving an axiomatic priority to one of them. In the traditional ...

This special issue of the International Journal of Literary Linguistics offers seven state-of-the-art contributions on the current linguistic study of literary translation. Although the articles are based on similar data – literary source texts and their translations – they focus on diverse aspects of literary translation, study a range of linguistic phenomena and utilize different methodologies. In other words, it is an important goal of this special issue to illuminate the current diversity of possible approaches in the linguistic study of translated literary texts within the discipline of translation studies. At the same time, new theoretical and empirical insights are opened to the study of the linguistic phenomena chosen by the authors of the articles and their representation or use in literary texts and translations. The analyzed features range from neologisms to the category of passive and from spoken language features to the representation of speech and multilingualism in wr...

This thesis aims to provide the interested reader with a critical account of far-reaching changes in modem Arabic literary theory, approximately since the 1970s, in the light of an ascending paradigm in motion, and of the tendency by subsequent critics and commentators to view literary criticism in terms of a self-elaborating category morphing into cultural critique. The first part focuses on interdisciplinary problems confronting Arab critics in their attempt "to modernize but not to westernize", and also provides a comparative treatment of the terms, concepts and definitions used in the context of an ever-growing Arabic literary canon, along with consideration of how these relate to European modernist thought and of the controversies surrounding them among Arab critics. The second part explores some distinguishable morphological markers whose deployment involves a more or less radical distinction between, on the one hand, renovationist assumptions of cultural change as a...

While researching the manuscripts by Bosniak Muslims in Oriental languages in Bosnian literary criticism, we could notice the different approaches, varying from philological and literary-historical to the theoretical-literary approach, and very often could see the various problems at the level of understanding the essence of the work message. The current theoretical literature is striving to exceed the fluid boundaries of genres, and from the other hand, the personality of the author as a subject of the work has been extremely relativized. Although the term of autobiography seems to be easy to understand, there are several possible interpretations and problems of the pure theoretical nature, in the literary theory. From the other hand, while studying the autobiographies by Bosniaks authors in Oriental languages in Ottoman period, we could also notice some interesting new approaches in current literary criticism, which are insufficient for a proper understanding the theoretical descr...

The purpose of this study was to determine the type of code-mixing and the form of code-mixing of 8 song lyrics of Saykoji in the 2006 album. This study uses the code-mixing theory of Nababan, (1984). This research includes a qualitative description. This study used the Independent See-Engage-talk Technique (TSBLC) and Technique Direct Element (BUL) to analyze the data. This study focuses on the type of code-mixing using theory Suwito's (1983), and the form of code-mixing using theory Suwito's (1995). After conducting the analysis, there were sixty-six (66) data found in the code-mixing type and fifty-seven (57) data in the code-mixing form. According to Suwito, there are two types of code-mixing, namely Inner and Outer. After being analyzed, it was found that the Inner code-mixing in eight (8) Saykoji song lyrics was 15 (22.72%) while the outer code-mixing was found to be 51 (72.27%). The form of code mixing according to Suwito consists of six namely word, phrase, baster, r...