Manure Management

Introduction All studies dating back 100 years have shown we need to drastically reduce waste from leaching, off-gassing, or stockpiling manure on our streets and lands. Horse manure is yet difficult to quantify as ”horse manure" is usually the total cleaned stall or “stall residuals.” Stall residuals combine manure, stall bedding wood shavings, feed and hay which today is disposed of by spreading, stockpiling for compost, or burning. Is FAOSTAT data based on stall residuals or pure manure? As data is about spreading, leaching and off gassing it is suggested we interpret “horse manure” as “stall residuals.” To effectively benefit from spreading, composting or using AD digestate as a viable source of Co2/Nitrogen/ Potassium we must separate the manure buns/apples from the bedding and repurpose the shavings. HiPoint recycles residual stall shavings through the HPAB Process 2019 © as the only effective way to deal with stall residuals. “Horse Manure” Data is on emission levels 2010-2016 from horses. FAOSTAT

Wang, Lawrence K. and Wang, Mu-Hao Sung (2022). Understanding evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, precipitation and runoff volume for agricultural waste management.  In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors).  Volume 4, Number 5, May 2022; pp.81. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. STEAM-VOL4-NUM5-MAY2022.  ISBN 978-0-9890870-3-2.  https://doi.org/10.17613/m8tf-zd10. ................ABSTRACT:  This is one of several updated UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) training reports which were previously disseminated to developing countries for promoting the US green environmental biotechnology. This publication introduces (a) natural evaporation from water and land surfaces and the evaporation equations using either metric units or the US customary units; (b) natural transpiration and evapotranspiration phenomenon ; (c) the description, applications, limitations, design criteria and performance of evapotranspiration wastewater treatment process; (d) precipitation and the US historical 25-year 24-hour rainfall chart; (e) the parameters of dry-weather flows, runoff from rainfall, runoff from snowmelt, runoff volume (ROV), and total precipitation less evaporation (TPLE) value for storage pond design; (f) the temperature, effect of wind chill and wind chill equations using either metric units or the US customary units; (g) the adjusted mean monthly free water surface (FWS) evaporation for selected US stations; (h) the US annual FWS evaporation chart; (h) the US annual runoff from concrete or unsurfaced feedlots as percent of mean precipitation charts; (i) the US runoff from concrete or unsurfaced feedlots as percent of mean monthly precipitation charts; (j) the US criteria for siting, investigation and design of liquid manure storage facilities; (k) precipitation and condensation calculation; (l) the vapor pressure mathematical model and evaporation analysis for an agricultural storage pond; (m) a runoff determination example; (n) an example of runoff from an agricultural concrete feedlot; (n) an example of runoff from an earth feedlot; (o) an example of agricultural storage pond design ; and (p) glossary terms and research references. The US technical information, charts and examples presented in this publication are typical examples for developing countries to follow, in order to avoid or reduce the unnecessary non-point sources of agricultural pollution, in turn, to achieve the UNIDO's goal of sustainable industrial and agricultural development around the world.

Until recently, most manure management research has focused on manure storage and land application methods and technologies. However, the quantity and composition of manure is primarily affected by nutrient digestibility of dietary ingredients and the amount of feed and water wastage. Nutrient composition of swine manure (especially nitrogen and phosphorus) is affected by the amount of excess dietary nutrients above the animal's requirements, nutrient digestibility of ingredients, and method of manure storage and land application. Both the quantity of manure and the concentration of nutrients in manure, along with soil nutrient levels, soil type, and type of crop to be produced, determine the number of crop acres necessary for environmentally responsible land application of manure. Nutrition can also affect odor and gas emissions from swine facilities. Dietary nutrient levels, nutrient digestibility, and the nature and extent of microbial fermentation in the lower gastrointesti...

A primary objective of the Wisconsin Dairy Modernization Survey was to compare features of free-stall barns available to dairy producers. This study used data from a large random sample of expanding dairy farms to determine whether the theoretical benefits of particular free-stall configurations bear out under on-farm conditions. Comparisons were made among herds using free-stall barns as their primary housing for new versus remodeled facilities, barn design, bedding used, feed-delivery design, manure removal strategies, animal restraint, maternity areas, overcrowding, and cooling methods. Producers who made the transition from tie-stall housing to free-stall housing were satisfied with this decision. New free-stall barns provided a more desirable environment for the herds than remodeled free-stall barns, although initial investments were higher. When new free-stall barns were compared, herds with four-row barns had higher production, lower somatic cell count, and higher stocking ra...

A primary objective of the Wisconsin Dairy Modernization Survey was to compare features of free-stall barns available to dairy producers. This study used data from a large random sample of expanding dairy farms to determine whether the theoretical benefits of particular free-stall configurations bear out under on-farm conditions. Comparisons were made among herds using free-stall barns as their primary housing for new versus remodeled facilities, barn design, bedding used, feed-delivery design, manure removal strategies, animal restraint, maternity areas, overcrowding, and cooling methods. Producers who made the transition from tie-stall housing to free-stall housing were satisfied with this decision. New free-stall barns provided a more desirable environment for the herds than remodeled free-stall barns, although initial investments were higher. When new free-stall barns were compared, herds with four-row barns had higher production, lower somatic cell count, and higher stocking ra...

Manure management practices in sub-Saharan Africa vary depending on the importance smallholder farmers attach to its use as a soil amendment. Cattle manure, which is the primary on-farm manure resource, is generally of low quality due to poor manure management practices. The objective of this study was to improve cattle manure quality on-farm in terms of plant nutrient conservation and

Se presenta el Estudio de Factibilidad del Proyecto Biogás Santa Martha para Generación de Electricidad en el feedlot de la Finca Santa Martha de la Empresa Castillo Poultry LLC, en el Municipio La Paz Centro, con el objetivo de lograr la reducción de más del 50% del consumo de energía eléctrica del engorde de pollos, a partir de la electricidad que se genera con el biogás que se obtiene de la digestión anaerobia del estiércol del feedlot. Se considera una población instantánea de 2,000 reses en el feedlot y se programa la generación de electricidad en el horario alterno al horario en que funcionan los paneles solares.

Composting has become an increasingly popular manure management method for dairy farmers. However, the design of composting systems for farmers has been hindered by the limited amount of information on the quantities and volumes of compost produced relative to farm size and manure generated, and the impact of amendments on water, dry matter, volume and nitrogen losses during the composting

Se presenta el Estudio de Factibilidad del Proyecto Biogás Santa Martha para Generación de Electricidad en el feedlot de la Finca Santa Martha de la Empresa Castillo Poultry LLC, en el Municipio La Paz Centro, con el objetivo de lograr la reducción de más del 50% del consumo de energía eléctrica del engorde de pollos, a partir de la electricidad que se genera con el biogás que se obtiene de la digestión anaerobia del estiércol del feedlot. Se considera una población instantánea de 2,000 reses en el feedlot y se programa la generación de electricidad en el horario alterno al horario en que funcionan los paneles solares.

In the era of sustainability, utilization of livestock wastes as soil amendment to provide micronutrients for crops is very economical and sustainable. It is well understood that livestock wastes are comparable, if not better, nutrient sources for crops as chemical fertilizers. However, the large concentrated volumes of animal manure produced from livestock operations and the limited amount of available nearby agricultural land areas necessitated the need for volume reduction of these animal wastes. Composting of these animal manures is a viable option for biomass and pathogenic reduction in the environment. Nevertheless, composting also increases the potential loss of available nutrients for crop production as well as unwanted emission of anthropogenic air pollutants due to the loss of ammonia and other compounds via volatilization. In this study, we examine the emission of ammonia and nitrous oxide from swine manure windrows to evaluate the benefit of biomass reduction in conjunct...

Trading of carbon and NOx emission reductions is an attractive approach to help producers implement cleaner treatment technologies to replace current anaerobic lagoons. Our objectives were to determine greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions from implementation of ...

This study quantified spatiotemporal patterns of CH4 and N2O emissions from livestock and poultry production in Turkey between 1961 and 2007. CH4(enteric) (from enteric fermentation), CH4(manure) (from manure management), and N2O(AWM) (from animal waste management) emissions in Turkey were estimated at 1,164, 216, and 55 Gg in 1961 and decreased to 844, 187, and 39 Gg in 2007, contributing a share of roughly 2% to the global livestock-related CH4 emissions and %1.5 to the global N2O(AWM) emissions, respectively. Total CO2-eq emissions were estimated at 50.7 Tg in 1961 and declined from a maximum value of 60.7 Tg in 1982 to a minimum value of 34.5 Tg in 2003, with a mean emission rate of 48 Tg year − 1 due to a significant reduction in the number of ruminant livestock. The highest mean share of emissions belonged to West Black Sea (14% and 16%) for CH4(enteric) and CH4(manure) and to North East Anatolia (12% and %13) for N2O(AWM) and total CO2-eq emissions, respectively. The highest emission density was 1.7 Mg km − 2 year − 1 for CH4(enteric), 0.3 Mg km − 2 year − 1 for CH4(manure), and 0.07 Mg km − 2 year − 1 for the total CO2-eq emissions in the West and North East Anatolia regions and 0.09 Mg km − 2 year − 1 for N2O(AWM) in the East Marmara region. Temporal and spatial variations in CH4(enteric), CH4(manure), and N2O(AWM) emissions in Turkey were estimated using regression models and ordinary kriging at a 500-m resolution, respectively.