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Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). Journey of life: one enjoys life by loving others and being loved. 《人生之旅：人生的意義在於愛人與被愛》In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K.... more
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). Journey of life: one enjoys life by loving others and being loved. 《人生之旅：人生的意義在於愛人與被愛》In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao 曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7M, July 2024, 31 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. Lenox.institute@gmail.com. https://doi.org/10.17613/aeys-tx34 .... ABSTRACT: The poem “Journey of Life: One Enjoys Life by Loving Others and Being Loved” explores the profound questions of life’s purpose and meaning. It contrasts the simple survival instincts of animals and plants with the human quest for deeper significance. By reflecting on the vastness of the universe, the poem emphasizes the insignificance of life’s troubles. It concludes by highlighting the transient nature of life and the importance of cherishing it through love and being loved. This publication is the sixth one in the Love Poetry series. The musicians around the world who are interested in converting the song lyrics in this publication to music should contact the authors directly. 這首詩《人生之旅：人生的意義在於愛人與被愛》探討了人生目的和意義的深刻問題。詩中對比了動物和植物的簡單生存本能與人類對更深層意義的追求。通過反思宇宙的浩瀚，詩強調了人生煩惱的微不足道。詩的結尾強調了生命的短暫性以及通過愛與被愛來珍惜生命的重要性。
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩(2024). Song of eternal love on Sun Moon Lake 《日月潭永恆愛情之歌》In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang王抗曝and Hung-ping Tsao曹恆平... more
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩(2024). Song of eternal love on Sun Moon Lake 《日月潭永恆愛情之歌》In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang王抗曝and Hung-ping Tsao曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7L, July 2024, 20 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. Lenox.institute@gmail.com; https://doi.org/10.17613/sm19-qf14 .... ABSTRACT: “Song of Eternal Love on Sun-Moon Lake” is a heartfelt love song that celebrates the enduring romance of senior lovers. Set against the picturesque backdrop of Sun Moon Lake, the lyrics depict silver-haired couples who find solace and joy in each other’s company. From the sparkling sunlight on the eastern shore to the soft moonlight on the western shore, the song captures the timeless beauty of their love. As they chase dreams over Jade Mountain peaks and stroll hand in hand by the lake, their spirits resonate and intertwine. The song beautifully portrays their eternal embrace, illuminating the tranquil waters with their love. This publication is the forth one in the Sun-Moon Lake series. The musicians around the world who are interested in converting the song lyrics in this publication to music should contact the authors directly. 《日月潭永恆愛情之歌》是一首讚頌銀髮戀人持久愛情的深情歌曲。歌詞以日月潭的美麗景色為背景，描繪了銀髮夫婦在彼此陪伴中找到安慰和快樂的情景。從東岸閃爍的陽光到西岸柔和的月光，這首歌捕捉了他們愛情的永恆之美。當他們追逐夢想越過玉山峰，牽手漫步在湖邊時，他們的心靈共鳴交織。這首歌美麗地描繪了他們的永恆擁抱，用愛點亮了寧靜的湖水。
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). Song of first love on Sun Moon Lake 《日月潭初戀之歌》In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao 曹恆平... more
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). Song of first love on Sun Moon Lake 《日月潭初戀之歌》In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao 曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7K, July 2024, 21 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA; https://doi.org/10.17613/a2nr-fy09 .... ABSTRACT: This love song, inspired by the serene beauty of Sun Moon Lake in Taiwan, captures the essence of a timeless romance. The lyrics weave a tale of two souls connected by fate, journeying to the lake’s edge where their hearts resonate at first sight. Hand in hand, they stroll along the lake, their love blossoming with each step. The song paints vivid images of their shared moments, from sketching love in the water to exchanging gentle kisses on a rocking boat. As the sun sets and the moon rises, their love is reflected in the shimmering lake, symbolizing an eternal bond. The song concludes with a heartfelt wish for time to stand still, cherishing the fleeting moments until they meet again. This publication is the third one in the Sun-Moon Lake series . The musicians around the world who are interested in converting the song lyrics in this publication to music should contact the authors directly at (lenox.institute@gmail.com) .這首情歌靈感來自台灣日月潭的寧靜之美，捕捉了永恆愛情的精髓。歌詞編織了一個命運相連的兩個靈魂的故事，他們千里迢迢來到湖邊，初見時心靈共鳴。牽手漫步在湖邊，他們的愛隨著每一步綻放。歌曲描繪了他們共同時光的生動畫面，從水中畫愛心到在搖晃的船上交換輕吻。夕陽西下，月亮升起，他們的愛在閃閃發光的湖中反映，象徵著永恆的聯繫。歌曲以真摯的願望結束，希望時間靜止，珍惜短暫的時光，直到再次相逢。
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). “Joy of mahjong 《麻將之樂》” In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao 曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7J,... more
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). “Joy of mahjong 《麻將之樂》” In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao 曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7J, July 2024, 29 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA; Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; https://doi.org/10.17613/qp7c-sd06 ..... ABSTRACT: In the celestial realm of Mahjong, mortals and half-immortals alike gather to play. Their skills mirror those of gods, and dreams come true as they engage in this timeless game. Business intertwines with Mahjong, yielding prosperity for family and friends. The dealer deftly maneuvers, seeking both returns and interest. Memories of Mahjong evoke joy and comfort, akin to the resilience of tumblers who rise again after each fall. The poems and song lyrics of “Joy of Mahjong” are presented in this article. This publication is the third one in the mahjong poetry series. 在麻將的神秘領域中，凡人和半仙齊聚一堂。他們的技藝媲美神明，夢想在這場永恆的遊戲中實現。麻將與事業交織，為親朋帶來繁榮。莊家巧妙運用技巧，追求回報和利益。回憶中的麻將帶來喜悅和安慰，就像不倒翁一樣，每次跌倒都能再次站起來。
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). “Song of mahjong 《麻將之歌》” In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7H,... more
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). “Song of mahjong 《麻將之歌》” In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7H, July 2024, 18 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA; Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; https://doi.org/10.17613/ysgq-f764 .... ABSTRACT: The song “Mahjong” brings us together around the mahjong table in a corner of this world. The tension between the tiles mirrors life’s game. As we play, memories unfold—each tile a story woven into our shared mahjong world. Through wind, flowers, snow, and moon, we accompany each other, forever connected by this game that celebrates both victory and defeat. This publication is the second one in the mahjong poetry series. 這首歌曲《麻將之歌》讓我們聚在這個世界的一個角落，圍坐在麻將桌旁。牌面間的緊張感彷彿映照出人生的遊戲。我們在遊戲中創造回憶，每張牌都是一段故事，編織成我們共同的麻將世界。風花雪月，笑語風生，我們相互陪伴，這場遊戲連結著我們的心靈，無論勝負。
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). “Mahjong memories 《麻將情懷 》” In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7G,... more
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). “Mahjong memories 《麻將情懷 》” In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7G, July 2024, 19 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA; Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; https://doi.org/10.17613/v17n-0031 .... ABSTRACT: In the game of life, unexpected hands are dealt—sometimes a “Heavenly Hand,” other times an “Earthly Hand.” When our beloved friend falls seriously ill, fate’s sway becomes palpable. Relatives and friends gather like “Eighteen Arhats”, their unity bittersweet. Echoes of “Pair Pair Pong” shock our eyes, while whispered “Two Numbers” defy despair. The “Three Sisters” strive, “drawing hope of moon from the sea”, but all efforts prove in vain. Our bonds remain strong, memories lingering like a “Double Piao Dai.” Ambition soars with the “Four Fan Starting Hand,” laughter once shared in mahjong’s embrace. Scores ungambling, forgiveness prevails, and before the mahjong table, longing persists ----- the absence of our dear friend forever etched in our hearts.
在人生的遊戲中，我們總會被派發出乎意料的牌--- 有時是“天胡”，有時是“地胡”。當我們心愛的朋友嚴重生病時，命運的搖擺變得明顯。親戚和朋友聚集在一起，像”十八羅漢”一樣，他們的團結既甜蜜又苦澀。“對對碰”的回聲震撼我們的眼睛，而低語的“二數”則挑戰絕望。”三姐妹”努力奮鬥，從”海底撈月”中汲取希望，但所有的努力都徒勞無功。我們的情感紐帶依然堅固，回憶像“雙飄帶”一樣縈繞心頭。抱負隨著“四番起手”的出現而飛揚，曾經在麻將的懷抱中共享的笑聲。數分不再賭博，寬恕占上風，在麻將桌前，渴望仍在持續--- 我們親愛的朋友的缺席永遠刻在我們的心中。
在人生的遊戲中，我們總會被派發出乎意料的牌--- 有時是“天胡”，有時是“地胡”。當我們心愛的朋友嚴重生病時，命運的搖擺變得明顯。親戚和朋友聚集在一起，像”十八羅漢”一樣，他們的團結既甜蜜又苦澀。“對對碰”的回聲震撼我們的眼睛，而低語的“二數”則挑戰絕望。”三姐妹”努力奮鬥，從”海底撈月”中汲取希望，但所有的努力都徒勞無功。我們的情感紐帶依然堅固，回憶像“雙飄帶”一樣縈繞心頭。抱負隨著“四番起手”的出現而飛揚，曾經在麻將的懷抱中共享的笑聲。數分不再賭博，寬恕占上風，在麻將桌前，渴望仍在持續--- 我們親愛的朋友的缺席永遠刻在我們的心中。
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝, Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩, and Hung-ping Tsao 曹恆平 (2024). “The wind blows red leaves to the cloud 《風吹紅葉至雲端》”In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and... more
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝, Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩, and Hung-ping Tsao 曹恆平 (2024). “The wind blows red leaves to the cloud 《風吹紅葉至雲端》”In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao 曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7E, July 2024, 26 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA; Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; https://doi.org/remembrance ..... ABSTRACT: In this poignant “modified thousand winds” poem, we are urged not to mourn at the grave of our loved ones because they are not confined to that resting place. Instead, our loved ones exist in myriad winds that blow, in the fresh air aloft where dreams take flight. They are the fertile soil on land and the swimming fish in the vast expanse of water. Even in autumn’s quietude, they rush gracefully like pretty red leaves caught in a circling current. Their presence extends beyond physical boundaries—they reside in scholars’ passion, in love-filled homes, and atop the Internet Cloud. Death does not define them; they persist beyond the grave. 這首修改的千風詩深刻地告誡我們，不要在親愛人們的墳前哭泣。詩人宣告，他們並未局限於那個安息之地。相反，他們存在於千陣風中，高處清新的空氣中，夢想飛翔之處。他們是地上肥沃的土壤，也是滄海浮沉的游魚。即使在秋天的寂靜中，他們優雅地趕路，如美麗的紅葉隨風飄揚。他們的存在超越了肉體的界限，寓居於學人的熱情、充滿愛意的家中，並高踞於網絡的雲端。死亡並不能定義他們，他們在墳前之外仍然存在。
Research Interests:
CITATION: Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 (2024). “Song Lyrics of Sunset 夕陽歌詞” In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7F, July 2024,... more
CITATION: Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 (2024). “Song Lyrics of Sunset 夕陽歌詞” In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7F, July 2024, 18 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA; Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; https://doi.org/10.17613/phmb-3777 .... ABSTRACT: The author’s poem “As the Sun Sets in the West” (夕陽西下時) underscores the significance of seizing the present moment, maintaining good health, and preventing illness. It encourages senior citizens to appreciate life’s beauty, prioritize self-care, and recognize that even small moments of happiness hold value. This publication, “Song Lyrics of Sunset” (夕陽歌詞) , includes two composed song lyrics (in English and Chinese) inspired by the poem “As the Sun Sets in the West” . Additionally, it delves into the distinction between “poem” and “poetry.” The author sincerely hopes that a musician will contact the author and set these lyrics to music. 作者的一首 白话詩《夕陽西下時》 強調把握當下、保持健康並預防疾病的重要性。它鼓勵年長者欣賞生命之美，重視自我保健，並認識到即使是微小的幸福瞬間也具有價值。本出版物《夕陽歌詞》 包含兩首歌詞（英文和中文版本），都是基於该白话詩《夕陽西下時》 才創作的。此外，它探討了“詩” poem 和 “詩歌” poetry 的區別。作者由衷希望有位音樂家能將這些歌詞譜上音樂。
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 (2024). “As the sun sets in the west 夕陽西下時” In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7D, July 2024, 26... more
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 (2024). “As the sun sets in the west 夕陽西下時” In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7D, July 2024, 26 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA; Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; tsaohp.tsao6@gmail.com; https://doi.org/10.17613/7bbs-qk41 .... ABSTRACT: Author modifies an Internet Chinese poem, “As The Sun Sets In The West”, translates the modified poem from Chinese to English, and then graphically illustrates it with a series of AI-oil paintings. The poem emphasizes the importance of seizing the present moment, maintaining health, and preventing illness. It encourages us to appreciate life’s beauty, prioritize self-care, and recognize that even small moments of happiness matter. The poem serves as a reminder to cherish our well-being and make choices that lead to a fulfilling and healthy existence. 作者修改了一首互联网上的中文詩歌《夕陽西下時》，將修改後的詩歌從中文翻譯成英文，然後用一系列人工智能油畫進行圖形化展示。這首詩歌強調抓住當下的重要性，保持健康，預防疾病。它鼓勵我們欣賞生活之美，優先自我關懷，並認識到即使是微小的幸福瞬間也很重要。這首詩歌提醒我們珍惜我們的幸福和健康，做出通往充實和健康生活的選擇。
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). Sun-Moon Lake: a place for witnessing enduring love from honeymoon to honeysun 日月潭: 永恆摯愛見證之處. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics",... more
Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). Sun-Moon Lake: a place for witnessing enduring love from honeymoon to honeysun 日月潭: 永恆摯愛見證之處. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Hung-ping Tsao 曹恆平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7B, July 2024, 51 pages; Lenox Institute Press, USA; https://doi.org/10.17613/1fnh-hy81 ... ABSTRACT: This love poem is written in both Chinese and English languages for a heartfelt celebration of a lifelong bond among senior lovers. It is the authors’ sincere hope that this poem, inspired by the heavenly Sun Moon Lake in Taiwan, ROC, may capture the essence of enduring love among lovers with silver hairs. May this love poem resonate with the enduring spirit of all senior lovers around the world for celebrating their “honeysun” that shines brightly even as the years pass. Honeysun is a combination of honey (referring to sweet) and sun (referring to the daily sunrise and sunset) that represents a lifetime period of harmony, love, commitment, cooperation and respect to be maintained by a loving couple, a family, a school class, an organization, or a government. Honeysun is now a new name for the senior enduring love like routine sunrises and sunsets since senior enduring love persists and never changes like the moon does. All senior lovers are invited to take their honeysun trips to visit beautiful Sun Moon Lake and confirm their holy wedding oaths periodically. 这首爱情诗歌用中文和英文两种语言书写，为了衷心庆祝银发恋人之间的终身纽带。作者真诚地希望这首诗歌，受到日月潭仙境的启发，能够捕捉到银发恋人之间持久爱情的精髓。愿这首爱情诗歌共鸣于全球所有银发恋人的坚韧精神，即使岁月流逝，他们的“蜜糖阳光”(蜜日)仍然熠熠生辉。
“Honeysun 蜜日” 是“蜜糖”（代表甜美）和“太阳”（指日出和日落）的结合，代表着情侣、家庭、学校班级、组织或政府需要日日维持和谐、爱情、承诺、合作和尊重。现在，“Honeysun蜜日” 是指像日出和日落一样持久不变的长者之间的爱情。与月亮不同，长者之间的深情厚意始终如一。我们邀请所有长者情侣前往美丽的日月潭进行“Honeysun蜜日之旅”，定期确认他们神圣的婚誓。
“Honeysun 蜜日” 是“蜜糖”（代表甜美）和“太阳”（指日出和日落）的结合，代表着情侣、家庭、学校班级、组织或政府需要日日维持和谐、爱情、承诺、合作和尊重。现在，“Honeysun蜜日” 是指像日出和日落一样持久不变的长者之间的爱情。与月亮不同，长者之间的深情厚意始终如一。我们邀请所有长者情侣前往美丽的日月潭进行“Honeysun蜜日之旅”，定期确认他们神圣的婚誓。
Research Interests:
Nai-yi Wang (2024). “The yin/yang properties of cancers and correlation with infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and allergies: treatment with small bidirectional molecules”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology,... more
Nai-yi Wang (2024). “The yin/yang properties of cancers and correlation with infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and allergies: treatment with small bidirectional molecules”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 8A, August 2024, 18 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/dvk7-jg37 .... ABSTRACT: Using the yin/yang theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), cancers can be divided into two categories: “hot” and “cold.” This division is consistent with the correlation between various drugs and the risk or outcome of the disease. In addition, overtreatment of cancers may lead to other diseases through an imbalance of the homeostatic state. This paper proposes a novel strategy using small and “bidirectional” molecules to restore this balance by modulating Treg cells and tumor-promoting cytokines (such as IL-6). 作者按中医阴阳学说，将癌症分为寒热两类。此分类与各种药物致癌之风险或其结局一致。此外， 癌症过度治疗会因超出体内自然平衡的能力而造成寒热相反之疾病。因此本文提出一项新的策略，即藉使用所谓双向小分子调节Treg 细胞及促癌细胞因子（例如 IL-6）以恢复原有之平衡。
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang 王 抗 曝 (2024). “The truth, goodness, and beauty of love, affection and friendship 真 善 美 之 愛 情, 親 情 及 友 情 ”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王 抗 曝 and... more
Lawrence K. Wang 王 抗 曝 (2024). “The truth, goodness, and beauty of love, affection and friendship 真 善 美 之 愛 情, 親 情 及 友 情 ”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang 王 抗 曝 and Hung-ping Tsao 曹 恆 平 (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7C, July 2024, 23 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/7bcv-rm60.... ABSTRACT: What is “emotion” in this world? The answer is “truth, goodness, and beauty.” In our conduct, we should strive to achieve “truth, goodness, and beauty” in our relationships with lovers, relatives, and friends. Let us encourage each other and persevere. The author's poem, presented in both Chinese and English, describes what true, good, and beautiful love, familial affection, and friendship are. The illustrations from the Eastern countries are the masterpieces of “robots,” aiming to achieve a harmonious blend of text and images. The author hopes readers will enjoy it. After reading the poem and viewing the illustrations, a reader may develop his/her own understanding of ‘truth, goodness, and beauty,’ and the harmony with himself/herself, family, society, and the world. This poem describes the depth and interconnectedness of love, intimacy, and friendship, and emphasizes the positive energy of ‘truth, goodness, and beauty’ to unite people’s hearts. This situation and this scene are worth celebrating, like the unchanging feelings of a lifetime in the world, like the eternally beautiful, calm, and sublime waters of Taiwan’s ‘Sun Moon Lake.’
Research Interests:
Wei Qingde 魏清德 , Hung-ping Tsao 曹恆平, Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). “Sun-Moon Lake: a heavenly place for lovers around the world”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and... more
Wei Qingde 魏清德 , Hung-ping Tsao 曹恆平, Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩 (2024). “Sun-Moon Lake: a heavenly place for lovers around the world”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 7A, July 2024, 55 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/47bv-ze85 ..... ABSTRACT: All lovers on this planet must visit heavenly Sun-Moon Lake in Taiwan, ROC, at least once. This publication introduces two poems: (a) “Sun Moon Lake 日月潭”, by legendary famous poet, late Wei Qingde 魏清德, (original Chinese version) and by poet Wei’s grandson, Hung-ping Tsao 曹恆平 (English version); and (b) “Love on Sun Moon Lake 日月潭之戀” (both Chinese and English versions, plus AI-oil paintings) by Lawrence K. Wang 王抗曝 and Mu-Hao Sung Wang 宋慕浩. The poems, AI-oil paintings, and many natural scenic photos introduce the love and peace at Sun Moon Lake. The goals of the not-for-profit Lenox Institute Press are: (a) publishing academic articles and books which can be beneficial to the developing countries and the humanity; and (b) promoting environmental conservation, love and world peace. Editor Lawrence K. Wang and Editor Hung-ping Tsao of Lenox Institute Press sincerely invite the readers around the world, who may or may not have visited the beautiful lake in person, to submit (to lenox.institute@gmail.com and tsaohp.tsao6@gmail.com ) their love poems, photos, paintings, stories, or even just dreams concerning Sun-Moon Lake for possible publication in the future new editions. We want to spread the love power to the entire world, so there will be no war forever. The submitted “love” manuscripts for review and possible publication in the new editions must be academic and non-political in nature. The manuscript authors must use real names, real affiliations, Chinese and/or English languages, and WORD format in accordance with the Lenox Institute Press publication guidelines. There will be no manuscript length limitations or publication fees. Lenox Institute Press have the right to use or distribute the published materials although the authors may keep the rights for republication. 在這個星球上，所有的戀人都應該至少一次造訪台灣日月潭，這個天堂般的湖泊。這本出版物介紹了兩首詩：(a) 由傳奇著名詩人魏清德所創作的“日月潭”，原文版本，以及魏詩之孫曹恆平所譯的英文版本；以及(b) 由王抗曝和宋慕浩創作的“日月潭之戀”，包括中文和英文版本，以及AI油畫。這些詩歌、AI油畫和許多自然風景照片介紹了日月潭的愛與和平。非營利的Lenox Institute Press 的目標是：(a) 出版對發展中國家和人類有益的學術文章和書籍；以及(b) 推動環境保護、愛與世界和平。Lenox Institute Press 的編輯Lawrence K. Wang和Hung-ping Tsao誠摯地邀請全球讀者，無論是否親自造訪過這個美麗的湖泊，提交他們關於日月潭的愛情詩歌、照片、畫作、故事，甚至只是關於夢想的內容，以供未來新版本的出版。我們希望將愛的力量傳播到整個世界，讓戰爭永遠不再發生。提交的“愛”手稿必須是學術性質且不涉及政治。手稿作者必須使用真實姓名、真實聯繫方式、中文和/或英文，並遵循Lenox Institute Press的出版指南中的WORD格式。手稿的長度不受限制，也不收取出版費用。Lenox Institute Press 有權使用或分發已發表的材料，儘管作者可以保留再次出版的權利。
Research Interests:
We present here two more marvelous distribution models M4 and M5 (in addition to M1, M2 and M3 presented in [1]) of the small prime numbers 5, 7, 11, 13 as terminal values in the new platform introduced in [6], where the terminal value... more
We present here two more marvelous distribution models M4 and M5 (in addition to M1, M2 and M3 presented in [1]) of the small prime numbers 5, 7, 11, 13 as terminal values in the new platform introduced in [6], where the terminal value t(n) for each natural number n being defined by way of successively summing up the prime factors. By defining A = {5} and B = {7, 11, 13}, as in [1], we call 5 the A-terminal value, 7, 11 or 13 a B-terminal value and all others C-terminal values, where C = {4, 17,19, 23, 29, …}. Our study of the distribution model M4 for n = 100000 shows that the frequency for each small prime number to occur as terminal values remains almost the same as n increases from 1 to 100000, namely 28% for 5, 16% for 7, 8% for 11 and 9% for 13. We find an estimator E4(n) for the frequencies of the small primes as follows. Let D(n,5) denote the frequency of 5 in a row of terminal values from either A or B for n, with m in a row counted as m-4 number of 5 in a row for m > 5 (for example, one 7 in a row is counted as three 5 in a row’s) and let C(n,k) denote the frequency of k in a row of terminal values from C for n. By defining E4(n)=[1E4(n)+2E4(n)]/2, where 1E4(n)=D(n,5)/[D(n,5)+C(n,7)] and 2E4(n)=D(n,5)/[D(n,5)+C(n,8)], we can come up with excellent estimation. We also come up with a good way of estimating the frequency of singles from A and B combined by using twin primes (tp, tp+2) which will be called cheese sandwich if the terminal value of tp+1 is from C or ham sandwich otherwise, as summarized below for M5 (even n, n = 100000). Moreover, defining E5(n)=[1E5(n)+2E5(n)]/2, where 1E5(n)=D(n,5)/[D(n,5)+C(n,6)] and 2E5(n)=D(n,6)/[D(n,6)+C(n,7)], we can come up with additional good estimation
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Many publications have introduced or mentioned the nation’s first potable water flotation-filtration in Lenox, Massachusetts, USA (built in 1982; 1.2 MGD, 22-ft. diameter, 5 ft depth; serving 10,000 people). This publication and its... more
Many publications have introduced or mentioned the nation’s first potable water flotation-filtration in Lenox, Massachusetts, USA (built in 1982; 1.2 MGD, 22-ft. diameter, 5 ft depth; serving 10,000 people). This publication and its sister publication intend to (a) celebrate the 42nd birthday of the Lenox Water Treatment Plant (LWTP) ; and (b) document some stories and photos of LIWT before they are lost and forgotten. The heart of LWTP is an award-winning Krofta Sandfloat package plant consisting of chemical feeding, rapid mixing, flocculation, dissolved air floatation (DAF) clarification, filtration, disinfection and corrosion control. Here the authors report and discuss (a) the motivation and interest in DAF innovation; (b) history of LWTP establishment; (c) government involvement in review and approval of DAF process; (d) DAF and DAF-filtration (DAFF) process development; (e) Lenox water resources, system; (f) Lenox water quality; (g) Sandfloat DAFF plant design; (h) water plant construction; and (i) process operation, etc. The flow diagrams of the LWTP and a conventional water purification process system are almost identical except that innovative LWTP adopts DAF clarification but conventional water purification plant adopts sedimentation clarification. Additional unit processes, such as aeration/oxidation, recarbonation, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation process, granular activated carbon, ion exchange, etc. may be added to either the conventional process system or the innovative DAFF process system when necessary. The adoption of either DAF alone or DAFF instead of sedimentation clarification represents a significant process improvement and cost saving. One small clarification process change represents a giant water engineering revolution. Consulting engineers and governments in this country’s municipal engineering field are equivalent to the family doctors in the medical field. If the conservative consulting engineers only specify and design the above conventional process equipment, an innovative water purification process, such as DAF and DAFF can not grow smoothly in America. So both the consulting engineers and governmental officials must be convinced, or even educated. Dr. Milos Krofta established the Lenox Institute of Water Technology (LIWT) (formerly Lenox Institute for Research) in 1981 to offer a humanitarian Master’s engineering education to young engineers/scientists (having at least a BE/BS/BA degree), each with full tuition and scholarship support. LIWT wants to change the world. Among many inventions developed by LIWT-KEC, the most famous process equipment are Krofta Supracell DAF clarifier and Krofta Sandfloat DAFF clarifier which both are introduced in the GLOSSARY section. Today DAF and DAFF can be built by many manufacturers around the world in any shapes and have become the main-stream processes equipment for water purification, wastewater treatment, and sludge thickening. LIWT has achieved its mission and goal. The authors dedicate the sister publication “Historical photos of Lenox Water Treatment Plant: The First Dissolved Air Flotation And Filtration Plant in Americas” to Dr. Krofta, our leader, and then dedicate this publication to all Lenox professors and staff for their lifetime contribution to the flotation education and technology advancement. The authors are so sad to report that Lenox Professors Milos Krofta, Nazih K. Shammas, Donald B. Aulenbach and Willaim A. Selke already passed away. The DAF and DAFF technologies have survived and are growing fast around the world, but they are gone. This publication is one of many authors’ memoirs written to record a special environmental engineering history.
Research Interests:
Innovative Lenox Water Treatment Plant (LWTP) was designed and installed in Lenox, Massachusetts, USA in 1982, becoming the first potable water dissolved air flotation filtration plant in the continents of North America and South... more
Innovative Lenox Water Treatment Plant (LWTP) was designed and installed in Lenox, Massachusetts, USA in 1982, becoming the first potable water dissolved air flotation filtration plant in the continents of North America and South America. The flow diagram of LWTP includes chemical feeding, rapid mixing, flocculation, dissolved air flotation (DAF) clarification, automatic backwash filtration (ABF) , clearwell and chlorination. Entire DAF-filtration plant is a Krofta Sandfloat unit (diameter = 22 ft = 6.7 m; depth = 5 ft = 1.52 m; design flow = 1.1 MGD = 4.16 MLD), serving about 10,000 people. The plant’s total detention time (DT) before chlorination station is only 15 minutes in comparison with a conventional water treatment plant that requires over two hours of DT for water purification. Since the water purification plant’s construction costs are almost linearly proportional to the water treatment DT, the new DAF-filtration plant is small and affordable. Due to LWTP’s small foot-print, it can be built at the mountain top at the water reservoir level, thus providing sufficient water pressure but saving significant amount of high-lift pumping energy. This publication documents the color photos of this historical America’s first DAF-filtration plant in memory of late Dr. Milos Krofta, who was the President of both the Lenox Institute of Water Technology (LIWT) and Krofta Engineering Corporation (KEC). Dr. Lawrence K. Wang and Dr. Mu-Hao Sung Wang served as the LIWT Director/Professor, and Professor, respectively, and participated in conceptual design, pilot plant testing, design and construction of LWTP. In 1983, Dr. Lawrence K. Wang received a “Five Stars Engineering Award” from Pollution Engineering on behalf of both LIWT and KEC for the revolutionary development of potable water DAF-filtration technology. This historical document also introduces Dr. Milos Krofta’s legacy and lifetime accomplishments ...... KEYWORDS: Memoir, Dedication, Dr. Milos Krofta, Lenox Water Treatment Plant, Lenox, Massachusetts, USA, Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Krofta Engineering Corporation, Sandfloat, Potable Water Treatment, Innovation, Five-Stars Engineering Award, Dissolved Air Flotation, Water Filtration, First Potable Water Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration Plant in North and South Americas, Sandfloat Dissolved Air Flotation –Filtration (DAFF), Bird’s View, Flow Diagram, Historical Photos.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). “Phenol spill control using coated reticulated foams”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors).... more
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). “Phenol spill control using coated reticulated foams”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 4G, April 2024, 43 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/4jnp-8s17 .... ABSTRACT: Cornell University has implemented the chemical spill procedures, and phenol SOP on campus, and its Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory (CAL) has invented the coated reticulated foam (CRF) for chemical spill control under the sponsorship of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). A phenol spill control related bioassay investigation has been reported separately elsewhere. This publication introduce some Cornell University’s chemical spill control management and research in memory of the authors’ good friend and old colleague, Dr. Robert C. Ziegler, who was the CAL Environmental Systems Division Head of Cornell University. The chemical characteristics and toxicities of phenol from the USEPA are summarized, and the nature, functions, and manufacturing methods of reticulated foam from the manufacturers and experts are discussed. A literature review has been conducted to understand the materials and technologies currently under investigations for phenol spill control. This memoir-style publication describes the results of adsorptive capacity studies using CRF coated with activated carbon and anion ion exchange resins. The laboratory adsorption rate studies for phenol adsorption using eleven CRFs for simulated phenol spill control are reported in detail. The technical feasibility of using CRFs for spill control of organic chemicals (such as phenol) has been demonstrated, and the advantages of using CRFs are discussed. Further research on toxic chemical spill research is recommended.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). “Bioassay technology, terminologies, applications and examples: heavy metals and phenol investigation”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics",... more
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). “Bioassay technology, terminologies, applications and examples: heavy metals and phenol investigation”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 4F, April 2024, 54 pages; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA, https://doi.org/10.17613/agzk-eb96 . ..... ABSTRACT: The bioassay technology, terminologies, applications, and design examples are presented. The analytical data for the bioassay investigations of seven metal sulfide precipitates and two phenol-adsorbed carbons are reported. Sulfide precipitation process was used for emergency control of chemical spills that contain soluble heavy metals, such as zinc, copper, cobalt, lead, cadmium, nickel, and silver. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbons (GAC) were used for emergency control of chemical spills that contain soluble toxic organic compounds, such as phenol. The produced heavy metal precipitates and the phenol-adsorbed PAC and GAC need to be properly handled and disposed of. Their toxicities are investigated by a bioassay study in the laboratory. A bioassay report on the water quality is included, as well as data on the pH, conductivity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and hardness of test water. The level of free metal ion in experiments using heavy metal sulfide precipitates was determined throughout the tests and is included in this report. There are three bioassay design examples: (a) determination of bioconcentration factor and bioaccumulation factor; (b) determination of the acceptable daily intake ; and (c) determination of the criterion for a chemical in drinking water. This publication was one of the lecture materials of the Graduate School of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology (LIWT), MA, USA. It is updated using the data from Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory (CAL), USEPA and LIWT as a technology transfer report in memory of the authors’ good friend and old colleague, Dr. Robert C. Ziegler, who was the Environmental Systems Division Head of Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Cornell University, New York, USA.
Research Interests: Activated Carbon, Hazardous Waste Management, Heavy metals, Aquatic Toxicologyx Water quality x Water resources x Water Pollution x Environmental Science x Bioassay x Environmental Chemistry, conservation, Phenols, and 6 moreBioassays, Chemical Spills, Cornell University, Example-Based Design, USEPA, and Lenox Institute of Water Technology
This memoir-style publication is for transferring the US centrifugation technology to developing countries. The research and development results of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology (LIWT) and Bird Machine Company are presented... more
This memoir-style publication is for transferring the US centrifugation technology to developing countries. The research and development results of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology (LIWT) and Bird Machine Company are presented here in memory of coauthor William F. White who was a pioneer and expert of centrifugation process, sludge thickening and sludge dewatering , and always had a dream of worldwide environmental conservation and world peace. The modern US centrifugation technology and its related management methodology from the literature and the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) are summarized and presented. The engineering equations and design examples adopt both the US customary units and the SI international metric units for the convenience of the international readers. Specifically this publication presents the centrifugation technology descriptions, theories, principles, managerial methods, research and development (R&D), laboratory studies, pilot scale investigations, scale-up process system design and important centrifugation process terminologies. In the area of process management, the centrifugation system staffing requirements and monitoring requirements are discussed. Five centrifugation process design examples are presented in detail: (a) calculation of centrifugal force; (b) centrifugation system scale-up from pilot plant to full-scale plant; (c) calculation of G-force or relative centrifugal force; (d) engineering equations for calculation of RPM of a centrifuge; and (e) determination of RPM of a centrifuge.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang and William F. White (2024). “Centrifugation Process Siting, Sizing, and Applications”, "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang and William F. White (2024). “Centrifugation Process Siting, Sizing, and Applications”, "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 4D, April 2024, 48 pages. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/t8n3-xc72 ..... ABSTRACT: This memoir-style publication presents the project results of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology (LIWT) and Bird Machine Company in memory of coauthor William F. White who was a pioneer and expert of centrifugation process, sludge thickening and sludge dewatering, and always had a dream of transferring the modern US centrifugation technologies to developing countries. Accordingly, the modern US centrifugation technology information and application case histories from the literature and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) are summarized and presented. The design examples adopt both the US customary units and the SI international metric units for the convenience of international readers. Specifically this publication presents the centrifugation process descriptions, siting, sizing, control, performance, and application case histories. In a sludge treatment chain, a centrifugation system is properly sited and used for (a) sludge thickening before sludge heat treatment or before sludge digestion, (b) sludge dewatering after anaerobic digestion, (c) sludge dewatering after gravity thickening but before incineration, (d) sludge dewatering after dissolved air flotation thickening, (e) sludge thickening and/or dewatering of chemical sludge, etc. The types of and quantities of the influent wet sludge feed will help decide the type/size of the centrifuge and the desired centrifuge effluent sludge cake/slurry concentration. The application of centrifugation process for solid-water separation in paper mills, refineries, coal preparation plants, chemical plants, wet scrubbing facilities are introduced. After the sludge sampling precautions, solids analytical procedures and solids recovery are introduced in detail, a centrifuge sizing example is presented. A design table is included for sizing a centrifuge based on the calculated sludge dry solid feed rate.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang and Willaim F. White (2024). “Centrifugation System Design Using International Metric System”, "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang and Willaim F. White (2024). “Centrifugation System Design Using International Metric System”, "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 4C, April 2024, 57 pages. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/9a9w-wq52 ..... ABSTRACT: Centrifugation is an important sludge thickening and dewatering technology which has been widely used in industrial countries. Centrifuge is a solid-liquid separation device, and can be broadly described as either (a) filtering-type by centrifugal force, or (b) sedimentation-type by centrifugal force. Filter types of centrifuges filter the liquid through the solids and a filter medium. In sedimentation types of centrifuges, the solids are settled against an imperforate bowl and the liquor is permitted in some manner to overflow from the separated solids. There are many arrangements for handling transport and discharge of the solids in both sedimentation and filtering type centrifuges. This memoir-style academic work documents the joint project results of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology and Bird Machine Company in memory of coauthor William F. White who was a pioneer and expert of centrifugation process, sludge thickening and sludge dewatering, and had a dream of transferring the modern US centrifugation technologies to developing countries. Accordingly, the centrifuge design criteria, engineering equations, and design procedures in this publication adopt both the US customary units and the SI international metric units. The design examples using the international metric units are presented in this publication for the international readers, but using only the US customary units are presented in another publication [ https://doi.org/10.17613/b61f-1688 ] for the American readers. ..... KEYWORDS: Centrifugation, Memoir, William F. White, Sludge Thickening, Sludge Dewatering, Solid Bowl Centrifuges, Disc Centrifuges, Basket Centrifuges, Other Types of Centrifuges, Bird Machine Company, Pennwalt Corporation, Dorr-Oliver, DeLaval Separator Company, Continuous Automated Self -Cleaning Disc Centrifuge, Continuous Disc-Nozzle Centrifuge with Integral Recycle, Automated Basket Centrifuge, Vortex Clarifier, Portable Truck-Mounted Centrifuge, Centrifugation Thickening, Centrifugation Dewatering, Performance, Operation And Maintenance, Engineering Design, Design Criteria, Design Procedure, Design Equations, Design Examples, STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics), Lenox Institute of Water Technology
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, and Willaim F. White (2024). “Centrifugation Engineering”, "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No.... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, and Willaim F. White (2024). “Centrifugation Engineering”, "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 4B, April 2024, 58 pages. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/b61f-1688 ..... ABSTRACT: Centrifugation is an important sludge thickening and dewatering technology which has been widely used in industrial countries. Centrifuge is a solid-liquid separation device, and can be broadly described as either (a) filtering-type by centrifugal force, or (b) sedimentation-type by centrifugal force. Filter types of centrifuges filter the liquid through the solids and a filter medium. In sedimentation types of centrifuges, the solids are settled against an imperforate bowl and the liquor is permitted in some manner to overflow from the separated solids. There are many arrangements for handling transport and discharge of the solids in both sedimentation and filtering type centrifuges. This memoir-style academic work documents the joint project results of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology and Bird Machine Company in memory of coauthor William F. White who was a pioneer and expert of centrifugation process, sludge thickening and sludge dewatering, and had a dream of transferring the modern US centrifugation technologies to developing countries. Accordingly the centrifuge design criteria, engineering equations, and design procedures in this publication adopt both the US customary units and the SI international metric units. The design examples using the US customary units are presented in this publication for the American readers, but using the SI international metric units are presented in another publication [ https://doi.org/10.17613/9a9w-wq52 ] for the international readers. ..... KEYWORDS: Centrifugation, Memoir, William F. White, Sludge Thickening, Sludge Dewatering, Solid Bowl Centrifuges, Disc Centrifuges, Basket Centrifuges, Other Types of Centrifuges, Bird Machine Company, Pennwalt Corporation, Dorr-Oliver, DeLaval Separator Company, Continuous Automated Self -Cleaning Disc Centrifuge, Continuous Disc-Nozzle Centrifuge with Integral Recycle, Automated Basket Centrifuge, Vortex Clarifier, Portable Truck-Mounted Centrifuge, Centrifugation Thickening, Centrifugation Dewatering, Performance, Operation And Maintenance, Engineering Design, Design Criteria, Design Procedure, Design Equations, Design Examples, STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics), Lenox Institute of Water Technology
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). “Water and wastewater filtration using polyelectrolytes”, "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors).... more
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). “Water and wastewater filtration using polyelectrolytes”, "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 4A, 57 pp. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. April 2024. https://doi.org/10.17613/y3zf-9g11 ..... ABSTRACT: The use of polyelectrolytes in the removal of colloidal particles from water and wastewater by filtration has been reviewed and investigated in memory of Dr. William W. Shuster, who was the authors’ good friend and the Chairman of Chemical and Bioenvironmental Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA. Specifically pertinent literature (1-197) on the nature of colloidal materials and the theory related to particle interactions and coagulation has been reviewed and analyzed. Scientific thought on the physical aspects and the chemical aspects of filtration has been considered. References related to the characterization and behavior of multi-media filters as well as single media filters are included in this memoir-style publication. Particular attention has been directed to the applications of polyelectrolytes in water treatment, and industrial wastewater treatment.
..... KEYWORDS: Memoir, water filtration, wastewater filtration, polyelectrolytes, filtration mechanisms, multi-media filters, single media filters, sand filtration, coagulation, flocculation, colloidal particles, filter aids, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Lenox Institute of Water Technology (LIWT), US Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command (USAMERDC).
..... KEYWORDS: Memoir, water filtration, wastewater filtration, polyelectrolytes, filtration mechanisms, multi-media filters, single media filters, sand filtration, coagulation, flocculation, colloidal particles, filter aids, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Lenox Institute of Water Technology (LIWT), US Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command (USAMERDC).
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). “Sludge drying lagoon design and its comparison with sludge drying bed and evaporation lagoon”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence... more
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). “Sludge drying lagoon design and its comparison with sludge drying bed and evaporation lagoon”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 3C, 45 pp. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/395n-f426 ..... ABSTRACT: This is one of many publications written for transfer of the US simple and low-cost sludge dewatering technologies, such as sludge drying lagoons, sludge drying beds and evaporation lagoons, to the developing countries. Special emphasis of this publication is placed on the following subjects: (a) sludge drying lagoon process description, comparisons and general design criteria; (b) sludge drying lagoon design procedures; (c) sludge drying lagoon operation and maintenance; (d) analysis of a sludge drying lagoon system; (e) flow diagram of a sludge drying lagoon system; (f) summary of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) design criteria for sludge drying lagoons for reference by developing countries; (g) comparison between sludge drying lagoons and sludge drying beds; (h) comparison between sludge drying lagoons and evaporation lagoons; and (i) important terminologies. All design equations, criteria, case histories and examples adopt both the international metric units and the US customary units. The first sister publication, “Drying beds design” [https://doi.org/10.17613/ykv5-z712] covers the subjects of traditional and modern sludge drying beds, technology status, applications, limitations, performance, established design criteria, environmental impact and restriction, costs estimation, design examples, case histories, and terminologies. The second sister publication, “Scientific sludge drying beds design” [https://doi.org/10.17613/1m6q-x445] introduces the design equations and sample calculations for determination of the sludge drying beds drying time, surface area, number of drying beds sections, solids produced per year, sludge cakes removed per year, and man-power estimation for operation and maintenance using the US customary unite. In the third sister publication, “Sludge drying beds design using international metric units” [https://doi.org/10.17613/7ydw-1j78], the author discuss the laboratory investigations for obtaining design parameters, engineering steps for sizing the drying beds, sludge loading rate verification; alternative scientific methods for drying bed design; acceptance or modification of design criteria and applications and verification of the man-power models. In the fourth sister publication, “Dissolved oxygen model, vapor pressure, evaporation lagoon, and flotation post aeration” [https://doi.org/10.17613/63ms-gg85], the theory of evaporation and the evaporation lagoon technology are presented in detail. The fifth sister publication, “Understanding evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, precipitation and runoff volume for agricultural waste management [https://doi.org/10.17613/m8tf-zd10] provides important technical information for determination of the minimum depth of sludge drying lagoons and evaporation lagoons.
Research Interests:
Hung-ping Tsao (2024). Mathematics of Hung-ping Tsao III: Three Marvelous Distribution Models of Small Prime Numbers as Terminal Values in the Process of Successively Summing up All Factors of the Natural Numbers. In: "Evolutionary... more
Hung-ping Tsao (2024). Mathematics of Hung-ping Tsao III: Three Marvelous Distribution Models of Small Prime Numbers as Terminal Values in the Process of Successively Summing up All Factors of the Natural Numbers. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", L. K. Wang and H.P. Tsao (eds). Vol. 6, No. 1, Jan. 2024; 100 pages. Lenox Institute Press MA, USA. ..... ABSTRACT: We present here three distribution models M1 (for n up to 1000), M2 (for n up to 10000) and M3 (for 2n up to 10000) of the small prime numbers as terminal values in the new platform (see [14]), where the terminal value t(n) for each natural number n being defined by way of successively summing up the prime factors. By defining A = {5} and B = {7, 11, 13}, we call 5 the A-terminal value, 7, 11 or 13 a B-terminal value and all others C-terminal values, where C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 17,19, 23, 29, …}. Our findings are summarized as follows. For M1, the frequency for each small prime number to occur as terminal values remains almost the same as n increases from 1 to 1000, namely 30% for 5, 17% for 7, 7% for 11 and 7% for 13. Moreover, the frequencies of singles, doubles, triples and quadruples respectively from A and B are almost identical and they combine to 61% for singles, 16% for doubles, 4% for triples and 1% for quadruples. For M2, the frequency for each small prime number to occur as terminal values remains almost the same as n increases from 1 to 10000, namely 28% for 5, 16% for 7, 6% for 11 and 7% for 13. Moreover, the frequencies of singles, doubles, triples and quadruples respectively from A and B are almost identical and they combine to 57% for singles, 16% for doubles, 4 % for triples and 1% for quadruples. We also come up with a good way of estimating the frequency of singles from A and B combined by using twin primes (tp, tp+2) which will be called cheese sandwich if the terminal value of tp+1 is from C or ham sandwich otherwise.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). “Sludge Drying Beds Design Using International Metric Units”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao... more
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). “Sludge Drying Beds Design Using International Metric Units”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 3B, March 2024, 48 pages. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/7ydw-1j78 ..... ABSTRACT: This publication is one of three Lenox reports written for transfer of the US drying beds technology to the developing countries. Accordingly all design equations and design examples adopt the international metric units. The design equations and sample calculations are for determination of the sludge drying beds drying time, surface area, number of drying beds sections, solids produced per year, sludge cakes removed per year, and man-power estimation for operation and maintenance. The author discuss (a) the laboratory investigations for obtaining design parameters, (b) engineering steps for sizing the drying beds, (c) sludge loading rate verification; (d) alternative scientific methods for drying bed design; (e) acceptance or modification of design criteria and (f) applications and verification of the man-power models. The first sister publication, “Drying Beds Design” [https://doi.org/10.17613/ykv5-z712] covers the subjects of traditional sludge drying beds, paved drying beds, open or closed drying beds, wedge wire drying beds, vacuum-assisted drying beds, planted drying beds, technology status, applications, limitations, performance, established design criteria, environmental impact and restriction, costs estimation, design examples, application examples, and terminologies. The second sister publication, “Scientific Sludge Drying Beds Design” [https://doi.org/10.17613/1m6q-x445] introduces the design equations and examples using the US customary units.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). Chinese Community Center 50th anniversary and New York legislation in acknowledging lunar new year day to be a public school holiday. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology,... more
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). Chinese Community Center 50th anniversary and New York legislation in acknowledging lunar new year day to be a public school holiday. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 2, February 12, 2024, 46 pp. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; https://doi.org/10.17613/mb7m-w872; ..... ABSTRACT: New York State Gov. Kathy Hochul signed legislation on September 13, 2023 in acknowledging the Asian Lunar New Year day as a state holiday. The Lunar New Year day is currently recognized as a State holiday in four states including New York. In Chinese culture, the Lunar New Year is continuously celebrated for 15 days, welcoming the arrival of spring season and the start of a new lunar calendar year with special emphasis on the family reunion and unity. The 15-days celebration begins on the lunar calendar January 1st (Spring Festival) and ends on January 15th (Lantern Festival). Similar celebrations are observed in South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore, and many other countries with high Asian populations. Each lunar year honors an animal based on the Chinese zodiac, making 2024 the year of the dragon. Chinese Community Center (CCC), Albany, New York shares the cultural event, celebrates its 50th Golden Anniversary, and carries out its mission in fostering and enhancing the sense of friendship and unity among its community. The CCC goals are: (a) to promote understanding and appreciation of the Chinese heritage that is unique, defining, and precious; (b) to help and encourage the CCC members to integrate and assimilate with mainstream culture; and (c) to actively participate in community service and become an integral part of the New York Capital District's constituency makeup. The reporters of the Lenox Institute Press were invited as the VIP guests to attend the combined celebration at the Egg’s Hart Theater, in Albany, on February 11, 2024. This article introduces the news of: (a) the recent New York legislation on September 13, 2023 in acknowledging the Asian Lunar New Year day as a state holiday; (b) the CCC history and its 50th Golden Anniversary; and (c) the 2024 Lunar New Year celebration in Albany, NY, USA. ..... KEYWORDS: Asian Lunar New Year Day, New York State Public School Holiday, Chinese Community Center (CCC), Albany, New York, History, Mission, Goals, 50th Golden Anniversary Celebration, 2024 Lunar New Year Celebration, Event Programs, Photo Illustrations.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2023). Chinese cloisonné : artistic enamelware for east-west culture exchange through land and sea silk roads. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and... more
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2023). Chinese cloisonné : artistic enamelware for east-west culture exchange through land and sea silk roads. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 5, No. 11A, 5(11A), November 20, 2023, 38 pp. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; https://doi.org/10.17613/aakj-ph96
........ ABSTRACT: Chinese cloisonné is beautiful enamelware produced with the combined human knowledge of science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM). It decorates our humanity connected by the Silk Roads. The cloisonné technology originated in the West (Middle East and Europe) and spread to the East (China) during China's Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). Then Chinese craftsmen perfected it in their Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and Qing Dynasty (1644-1912). Chinese cloisonné are still made and highly valued today, and have become the standard by which to measure the quality and appraise the beauty of cloisonné worldwide. This STEAM product ranks as one of China's major contributions to the world's fine arts. Both the Republic of China (ROC; 1912-present) and the People's Republic of China (PRC; 1949-present) inherit the same Chinese culture including the cloisonné technology. PRC just held its third Belt and Road Forum (BRF) in Beijing, October 17-18, 2023. PRC President Xi Jinping gave Chinese cloisonné as a State Guest Gift to the 130 foreign leaders who attended the BRF. This publication reviews the historical and technological developments of Chinese cloisonné and introduces the technical information from both the PRC China Highlights in Beijing, and the ROC Government Information Office in Taipei.
........ ABSTRACT: Chinese cloisonné is beautiful enamelware produced with the combined human knowledge of science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM). It decorates our humanity connected by the Silk Roads. The cloisonné technology originated in the West (Middle East and Europe) and spread to the East (China) during China's Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). Then Chinese craftsmen perfected it in their Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and Qing Dynasty (1644-1912). Chinese cloisonné are still made and highly valued today, and have become the standard by which to measure the quality and appraise the beauty of cloisonné worldwide. This STEAM product ranks as one of China's major contributions to the world's fine arts. Both the Republic of China (ROC; 1912-present) and the People's Republic of China (PRC; 1949-present) inherit the same Chinese culture including the cloisonné technology. PRC just held its third Belt and Road Forum (BRF) in Beijing, October 17-18, 2023. PRC President Xi Jinping gave Chinese cloisonné as a State Guest Gift to the 130 foreign leaders who attended the BRF. This publication reviews the historical and technological developments of Chinese cloisonné and introduces the technical information from both the PRC China Highlights in Beijing, and the ROC Government Information Office in Taipei.
Research Interests:
Hung-ping Tsao (2023). A Well-rounded Distribution of Small Prime Numbers as Terminal Values in the Process of Summing up all Factors of the Natural Numbers. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and... more
Hung-ping Tsao (2023). A Well-rounded Distribution of Small Prime Numbers as Terminal Values in the Process of Summing up all Factors of the Natural Numbers. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Volume 5, Number 10D, October 2023; 59 pages. Lenox Institute Press MA, USA. tsaohp.tsao6@gmail.com; ..... ABSTRACT: We provide here a new platform for exploring of prime numbers by defining the terminal value t(n) for each natural number n by successively summing up its prime factors. We further define two sets A={5} and B={7, 11, 13}. We shall call 5 the A-terminal value, 7, 11 or 13 a B-terminal value and all others C-terminal values. We have found, up to
n =3002, 1 septuple (7 in a roll) A-terminal values ending at 2330, 1 septuple B-terminal values ending at 1595 and 3 sextuple (6 in a roll) C-terminal values ending at 1551, 2562 and 2986, respectively. We further spot checked around n = 10000 and found 1 nonuple (9 in a roll
C-terminal values ending at 9787. We finally found that 60% (59%, respectively) of terminal values are 5, 7, 11 or 13 up to n = 2000 (3000, respectively) and came up with a good way of estimating such percentage p(n) by using twin primes, which will be called cheese sandwich if the terminal value of the number sandwiched in between twin primes in question is from C or ham sandwich otherwise. As it turned out, the percentage of ham sandwiches among twin sandwiches is a slightly less than p(n) for n = 2000 or 3000. CONJECTURE 1. In a long run, the percentage of single terminal values from A and B combined is slightly less than 60% and the percentages for double, triple and quadruple terminal values from A and B combined are 16%, 4% and 1%, respectively. CONJECTURE 2. There would not be any m-tuple terminal values from A or B for m > 10. CONJECTURE 3. There might be some m-tuple terminal values from C for m > 10.
n =3002, 1 septuple (7 in a roll) A-terminal values ending at 2330, 1 septuple B-terminal values ending at 1595 and 3 sextuple (6 in a roll) C-terminal values ending at 1551, 2562 and 2986, respectively. We further spot checked around n = 10000 and found 1 nonuple (9 in a roll
C-terminal values ending at 9787. We finally found that 60% (59%, respectively) of terminal values are 5, 7, 11 or 13 up to n = 2000 (3000, respectively) and came up with a good way of estimating such percentage p(n) by using twin primes, which will be called cheese sandwich if the terminal value of the number sandwiched in between twin primes in question is from C or ham sandwich otherwise. As it turned out, the percentage of ham sandwiches among twin sandwiches is a slightly less than p(n) for n = 2000 or 3000. CONJECTURE 1. In a long run, the percentage of single terminal values from A and B combined is slightly less than 60% and the percentages for double, triple and quadruple terminal values from A and B combined are 16%, 4% and 1%, respectively. CONJECTURE 2. There would not be any m-tuple terminal values from A or B for m > 10. CONJECTURE 3. There might be some m-tuple terminal values from C for m > 10.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, Thomas Suozzo, Rebecca A. Dixon, and Terry L. Wright (2023) . Chemical and Biochemical Technologies for Environmental Infrastructure Sustainability, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology,... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, Thomas Suozzo, Rebecca A. Dixon, and Terry L. Wright (2023) . Chemical and Biochemical Technologies for Environmental Infrastructure Sustainability, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Volume 5, Number 10A, October 2023; 5(10A), 58 pages. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/z30s-gj22 ..... ABSTRACT: Various highly efficient flotation processes and systems are introduced for water and wastewater infrastructure sustainability. This publication covers the following subjects: (a) Flotation types , theories, principles, and “zero velocity concept”; (b) Unit processes of mixing, coagulation, precipitation, flocculation, clarification (flotation or sedimentation), filtration, disinfection, sludge thickening and sludge dewatering; (c) Flotation rising rate, surface loading rate, and detention time; (d) Dissolved air flotation (DAF), DAF-filtration (DAFF) and sedimentation comparison; (e) Various municipal and industrial applications of DAF and DAFF; (f) Full scale rectangular and circular DAF and DAFF installations for potable water treatment and industrial effluent treatment when land space and budget are limited; (g) upgrading an existing sedimentation to a DAF-sedimentation clarifier; (h) DAF sludge thickening and screwpress sludge dewatering (Float Press); (i) Oxyozosynthesis system (oxygenation, ozonation, sludge wet oxidation, and Float Press sludge dewatering); (j) Biological or physicochemical sequencing batch reactor (SBR); (k) Recent advances in and case histories of dissolved gas flotation (DGF), primary flotation, secondary flotation, tertiary flotation, nitrification, denitrification, flotation sludge thickening, dissolved carbon dioxide flotation (DCDF), dairy wastewater treatment (WWT), and tannery WWT.
Research Interests: Environmental Engineering, Filtration, Ozonation, Environmental Sustainability, Bubble size measurement in flotation/electroflotation, and 7 moreInfrastructural Planning, Housing and Urban Environmental Issues, Microbiology; Fermentation Technology; Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering, Sludge, Thickening, Chemical Engineering Technology, Dissolved Air Flotation, and Sequencing Batch Reactor Technology
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2023). New Technologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment” In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao... more
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2023). New Technologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment” In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Volume 5, Number 10C, October 2023; 5(10C), 34 pages, . Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; https://doi.org/10.17613/wena-kx42 ..... ABSTRACT: Selected new water treatment (WT) and wastewater treatment (WWT) technologies are introduced. This technical presentation covers the following subjects: (a) conventional and innovative UV, advanced oxidation process (AOP), and de-oxidation; (b) UV for WT and WWT; (c) emerging biological and physicochemical (PC) technologies, such as, membrane filtration, membrane bioreactor, membrane PC-reactor, ballasted coagulation, sedimentation & filtration, sequencing batch bioreactors and sequencing batch PC-reactors, magnetic ion exchange (MIEX), coagulation, sedimentation and filtration, sequencing batch ion exchange, coagulation, and sedimentation, pre-ozonation, dissolved air flotation (DAF) and filtration/GAC; (d) modern UV facilities of Albany Water Treatment Plant (WTP); (e) the America’s first DAF WTP in Lenox, MA, USA; (f) once the World’s largest 36.5-MGD DAF WTP in Pittsfield, MA, USA; (g) Largest 75-MGD DAF WTP in Greenville, South Carolina, USA; (h) emerging sequencing batch reactors (SBR); such as, sequencing batch aerobic sludge digestion, sequencing batch PC-reactor for water or wastewater treatment, sequencing batch membrane bioreactor, sequencing batch ballasted clarification, sequencing batch magnetic ion exchange, sequencing batch DAF, and sequencing batch granular activated sludge process; ..... KEYWORDS: Water Treatment, Wastewater Treatment, Research Topics, Theories, Principles, UV, Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP), De-Oxidation, Membrane Processes, Flotation, Ballasted Coagulation-Clarification, Magnetic Ion Exchange (MIEX), Innovative Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR), Case Histories, Lenox WTP, Albany WTP, , Pittsfield WTP, Table Rock & North Saluda WTP
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang (2023). Chinese and Taiwanese Histories Recorded by Circulation Coins; In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors).... more
Lawrence K. Wang (2023). Chinese and Taiwanese Histories Recorded by Circulation Coins; In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Volume 5, Number 10B, October 2023; 5(10B), 90 pages, . Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. lenox.institute@gmail.com; https://doi.org/10.17613/gfnr-v592 ..... ABSTRACT: Chinese and Taiwanese histories are introduced through the coins in circulation from ancient time to current years, with emphasis on modern histories of Qing Dynasty, Republic of China (mainland China up to 1949), People’s Republic of China, and Republic of China (Taiwan, 1949 to present). The circulation coins used for trade along the ancient Land Silk Road and Sea Silk Road are introduced. The technical presentation was held in August 2011, and the color slides are updated in 2023 for academic publication. .... KEYWORDS: History, China, Taiwan, Qing Dynasty, Republic of China (mainland China, 1912-1949), People’s Republic of China, Republic of China (Taiwan, 1949-present), coin collection, circulation coins, commemorative coins, Land Silk Road, Sea Silk Road, Taiwanese American Cultural Society, New York, Lenox Institute, Massachusetts, USA.
Research Interests:
This publication concerns the role of pollinators, especially bees, in relation to our agriculture and economy. Besides being a critical participant in the reproductive process of most flowering plants, the bees' pollination services... more
This publication concerns the role of pollinators, especially bees, in relation to our agriculture and economy. Besides being a critical participant in the reproductive process of most flowering plants, the bees' pollination services increase flowering crop yields, improve nutritional quality, and contribute significantly to the global economy. However, beekeepers that manage the domesticated European honey bee had noticed that huge numbers of their bees were dying in recent years, and apiculture is closely wedded to agriculture. Honey bees suffer from a variety of maladies attributed to pesticides, climate change, parasites, and disease, all of which contribute to increased bee mortality and catastrophic hive death such as Colony Collapse Disorder. A number of these issues appear to affect wild pollinators as well. In order to conserve and protect our pollinator resources, this chapter describes a number of major stressors that lead to bee mortality and offers suggestions to im...
Research Interests:
Tsao, Hung-ping (2022). Evolutionary mathematics and science for Combinatorial Algebra III. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors).... more
Tsao, Hung-ping (2022). Evolutionary mathematics and science for Combinatorial Algebra III. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 4, Number 8C, August 2022; 100 pages. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. No. STEAM-VOL4-NUM8C-AUG2022; ISBN 978-0-9890870-3-2. https://doi.org/10.17613/nvvv-6n63...............ABSTRACT: This is the third of three sequential chapters of Combinatorial Algebra prepared for high school education in Taiwan, ROC or any other countries of the world for that matter despite of being written in Chinese language.
Research Interests:
Tsao, Hung-ping 曹恆平 (2021). Dedication to Dr. Liang-Chi Tsao for His Contributions in Taiwan Education and Evolutionary mathematics and science. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics... more
Tsao, Hung-ping 曹恆平 (2021). Dedication to Dr. Liang-Chi Tsao for His Contributions in Taiwan Education and Evolutionary mathematics and science. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. 王抗曝 and Tsao, Hung-ping 曹恆平 (editors). Volume 3, Number 5, May 2021; 387 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Newtonville, NY, 12128-0405, USA. No. STEAM-VOL3-NUM5-MAY2021; ISBN 978-0-9890870-3-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.17613/a0ky-1981............ABSTRACT: Dr. Lian-Chi Tsao 曹亮吉 greatly improved the mathematical education in Taiwan of his time. His background and his 52 articles concerning the interesting stories and accomplishments of most influential mathematicians in the past are introduced. In order to commemorate Dr. Lian-Chi Tsao and numerous other scientists, we further include a commemorative poem “The Wind Blows Red Leaves to the Cloud” 風吹紅葉至雲端 of Dr. Lawrence K. Wang, Dr. Mu-Hao Sung Wang, and Dr. Hung-ping Tsao...........KEYWORDS: 曹亮吉, Liang-Chi Tsao, Mathematical Education, Taiwan. Commemorative Poem
Research Interests:
Tsao, Hung-ping 曹 恆 平 (2021). Evolutionary mathematics and science for General Binomial Coefficients and Fibonacci Numbers. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K.... more
Tsao, Hung-ping 曹 恆 平 (2021). Evolutionary mathematics and science for General Binomial Coefficients and Fibonacci Numbers. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. 王 抗 曝 and Tsao, Hung-ping 曹 恆 平 (editors). Volume 3, Number 4, April 2021; 34 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Newtonville, NY, 12128-0405, USA. No. STEAM-VOL3-NUM4-APR2021; ISBN 978-0-9890870-3-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.17613/f821-e974 ------------ABSTRACT: We first generalize binomial coefficients from the natural sequence based to arithmetically progressive sequences based and then display the key roles they play in the derivation of polynomial expressions of powered sums. We further come up with the new Fibonacci numbers based on arithmetically progressive sequences. As a matter of fact, the usual Fibonacci numbers are the upward diagonal sums of the Pascal triangular array, whereas these newly defined Fibonacci numbers are the upward diagonal sums of any triangular array. -----------KEYWORDS: Binomial coefficient, Pascal triangle, Fibonacci number, Natural sequence, Arithmetically progressive sequence, Stirling number, Eulerian number, Recursive formula, Upward diagonal, Fibonacci value.
Research Interests:
Wang, Lawrence K. (2019). Humanitarian engineering education of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology and its new potable water flotation processes. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics... more
Wang, Lawrence K. (2019). Humanitarian engineering education of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology and its new potable water flotation processes. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 1, Number 6, June 2019; 160 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Newtonville, NY, 12128-0405, USA. No. STEAM-VOL1-NUM6-JUN2019; http://dx.doi.org/10.17613/1c0y-h477 ..... ABSTRACT: The histories of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology (LIWT), Krofta Engineering Corporation (KEC), their joint humanitarian engineering education and their step-by-step joint research leading to the development of various flotation drinking treatment processes, including the first drinking water flotation plant in Americas (Lenox Water Treatment Plant) and the once the largest drinking water flotation plant in the world (Pittsfield Water Treatment Plant) are presented. Also documented are their leaders, inventors, educators, co-designers, governmental officers, design concepts, flow diagrams, DAF-filtration (DAFF), plant performance, awards, DAF/DAFF future and related references. The flotation processes invented by LIWT, manufactured by KEC, and financed and collaborated by the above dedicated people are introduced: (a) dispersed air flotation; (b) electroflotation; (c) dissolved air flotation; (d) (e) two stage DAF-DAF clarifier system; (f) sedimentation-DAF clarifier; (g) DAF-filtration, or DAFF; (h) two stage DAF-DAFF clarifier system; (i) sequencing batch dissolved gas flotation; (j) sequencing batch induced gas flotation and (k) DAF-press thickener; (l) two-stage DAF-DAF water softening plant using magnesium carbonate as a recyclable coagulant, etc. ..... KEYWORDS: Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Krofta Engineering Corporation, Milos Krofta, Lenox Plant, Pittsfield Plant, DAF, DAFF, electroflotation, 2 stage DAF-DAF, sedimentation-DAF, 2 stage DAF-DAFF; sequencing batch DAF, physical-chemical SBR, DAF-press thickener, 2 stage DAF-DAF water softening, magnesium carbonate coagulant., humanitarian engineering, education
Research Interests: Education Innovation and Ventures, Higher Education, Drinking Water Treatment, Innovative technology transfer and commercialization, economic development qand venture capital management, Research and Development, and 4 moreHumanitarian Engineering, Water Filtration, Dissolved Air Flotation, and Lenox Institute of Water Technology
Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2023). Sustainable water and wastewater treatment systems consisting of magnesium coagulation-precipitation, dissolved air flotation, recarbonation and filtration. In : “Environmental Science, Technology,... more
Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2023). Sustainable water and wastewater treatment systems consisting of magnesium coagulation-precipitation, dissolved air flotation, recarbonation and filtration. In : “Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)”, Wang, LK, Wang, MHS and Pankivskyi, YI (eds.), 2023(6B), STEM-VOL2023-NUM6B-JUNE2023. 80 pages. June 2023, Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/y4wt-8230 ...... ABSTRACT: Historical developments, theory and principles of innovative sustainable water and wastewater systems consisting of magnesium coagulation-precipitation, dissolved air flotation (DAF) clarification, filtration and disinfection are introduced with an emphasis on five technology advancements: (a) the use of magnesium carbonate or magnesium chloride for replacing conventional aluminum sulfate coagulant, (b) the use of DAF for replacing conventional sedimentation clarification, (c) the use of magnesium coagulation-precipitation (either magnesium carbonate or magnesium chloride), DAF clarification, recarbonation (if needed), and filtration for water treatment, (d) the use of magnesium carbonate coagulation-precipitation, clarification, recarbonation (if needed), and filtration for wastewater treatment, (e) production and marketing of innovative combined magnesium and calcium sludge for replacing conventional lime as the soil conditioner or for nutrient removal in a biological wastewater treatment plant. Examples and case histories of the sustainable process system include: (a) magnesium coagulant for water purification with total chemical sludge recycle; (b) independent physicochemical wastewater treatment using magnesium coagulant and DAF-filtration for treating wastewaters containing toxic substances; (c) simultaneous removal of ammonium ions and phosphate ions from wastewater by magnesium ions for generating useful waste sludge (Struvite) which can be reused as a fertilizer; (d) chemical sludge reuse elsewhere for toxic chromium reduction; (e) waste chemical sludge reuse for biological nitrification neutralization at chicken and meat processing plants; (f) waste chemical sludge reuse for anaerobic digestion improvement at bakeries; (g) pretreatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) contaminated water prior to granular activated carbon, ion exchange, or membrane filtration; and (h) production and marketing of combined magnesium and calcium sludge as a soil conditioner. The authors' poem ( FATE IN THIS LIFE
今世缘) is presented in this publication. ...... NOTES: magnesium carbonate, coagulation, water--purification--dissolved air flotation, water--purification--filtration, factory and trade waste, heavy metals, poultry industry, meat--processing, soil conditioners, sewage sludge ash--recycling, memoir, independent physicochemical wastewater treatment system, heavy metal reduction, chromium, neutralization, nitrification, anaerobic digestion, bakery, fertilizer, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure.
今世缘) is presented in this publication. ...... NOTES: magnesium carbonate, coagulation, water--purification--dissolved air flotation, water--purification--filtration, factory and trade waste, heavy metals, poultry industry, meat--processing, soil conditioners, sewage sludge ash--recycling, memoir, independent physicochemical wastewater treatment system, heavy metal reduction, chromium, neutralization, nitrification, anaerobic digestion, bakery, fertilizer, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure.
Research Interests:
Wang, LK, and Wang, MHS (2023). Innovative process system consisting of dissolved air flotation, recarbonation and filtration, and using lime and sodium aluminate for removal of hardness, iron and manganese from groundwater (second... more
Wang, LK, and Wang, MHS (2023). Innovative process system consisting of dissolved air flotation, recarbonation and filtration, and using lime and sodium aluminate for removal of hardness, iron and manganese from groundwater (second edition). In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Wang, LK and Tsao, HP (eds.), 5 (7A), STEAM-VOL5-NUM7A-JULY2023, 43 pages. July 2023, Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/mrfv-tg80 ...... ABSTRACT: This publication reports that (a) a new softening and Fe-Mn removal process system consisting of flocculation, dissolved air flotation (DAF), recarbonation and filtration has been demonstrated by continuous operation; (b) a new chemical combination including lime, sodium aluminate and carbon dioxide successfully removes Ca-Mg hardness, iron and manganese from groundwater; (c) innovative DAF (3-15 minutes detention time) cost-effectively replaces conventional sedimentation (4-6 hours detention); (d) DAF-filtration efficiently removes Fe-Mn without an additional oxidation step because of DAF aeration; (e) sodium aluminate enhances or replaces conventional soda ash for removal of non-carbonate hardness (NCH) due to aluminate's precipitating nature; (f) sodium aluminate improves manganese removal after DAF oxidation due to its flocculating nature; (g) useful terminologies of conventional and innovative softening processes for hardness, iron and manganese removal are provided. The authors call for further basic research regarding the chemistry of Ca-Mg removal by sodium aluminate noting that both calcium aluminate and magnesium aluminate are insoluble substances. Further call for research is directed toward simultaneous removal of hardness, Fe-Mn and dissolved organic matter (DOM) by new process systems and new chemical combinations. The author's new process systems and new chemical combinations can be applied to any manufacturers' process equipment. A groundwater having 15 NTU of turbidity, 216 mg/L as CaCO3 of total hardness, 3.56 mg/L of iron and 1.57 mg/L of manganese at pH 7.8 was successfully treated by the innovative DAF-recarbonation-filtration process system and new chemicals (sodium aluminate and lime).
Research Interests:
Wang, LK, and Wang, MHS (2023). Reduction of high color, humic substances, turbidity, coliform bacteria, THMMFP, UV absorbance, cysts, chlorine demand, and metals from unpredictable water source by dissolved air flotation and... more
Wang, LK, and Wang, MHS (2023). Reduction of high color, humic substances, turbidity, coliform bacteria, THMMFP, UV absorbance, cysts, chlorine demand, and metals from unpredictable water source by dissolved air flotation and filtration. In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, and Pankivskyi, YI (editors). Volume 2023, Number 6A, June 2023; pp.53. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:55689/
..... ABSTRACT: This publication documents: (a) the dissolved air flotation and filtration (DAFF) process; (b) the Drinking Water Standards and water quality goals; (c) standards for raw water sources; (d) the procedure for determination of the trihalomethane maximum formation potential (THMMFP), (e) the alternatives of treating an unpredictable water supply source, (f) the filter backwash wastewater recycle and total chemical sludge recycle technology, (g) the glossary of drinking water quality parameters, and (h) a 4-months DAFF research for treatment of an unpredictable water supply source. The raw water had wide ranges of color (25-90 CU), humic substances (1.5-9.6 mg/l), turbidity (1.08-14.2 NTU), coliform bacteria (1 to TNTC #/100 ml), THMMFP (127 to 683 ppb), UV absorbance (0.13 to 0.28 UV), cysts-size microscopic count (410 to 34623 #/ml), chlorine demand (2 to 2.5 mg/l), lead (0.038 mg/l), and pH (6.4-7.5 units). Under the government supervision, a continuous DAFF plant was operated at 100 gpm flow for treating the above raw water using alum, sodium aluminate, and polymer for 4 months. The DAFF effluent met the all drinking water standards, and the plant performance in terms of impurity percent removals was excellent: color (93%), humic substances (80%), turbidity (93%), coliform bacteria (99%), THMMFP (82%), UV Absorbance (86%), cyst-size microscopic count (99.6%), chlorine demand (52%), and lead (43%). Any manufacturer's dissolved air flotation (DAF) and filtration process equipment (such as AquaDAF, Clari-DAF, etc.) may achieve similar high performance for water purification.
..... ABSTRACT: This publication documents: (a) the dissolved air flotation and filtration (DAFF) process; (b) the Drinking Water Standards and water quality goals; (c) standards for raw water sources; (d) the procedure for determination of the trihalomethane maximum formation potential (THMMFP), (e) the alternatives of treating an unpredictable water supply source, (f) the filter backwash wastewater recycle and total chemical sludge recycle technology, (g) the glossary of drinking water quality parameters, and (h) a 4-months DAFF research for treatment of an unpredictable water supply source. The raw water had wide ranges of color (25-90 CU), humic substances (1.5-9.6 mg/l), turbidity (1.08-14.2 NTU), coliform bacteria (1 to TNTC #/100 ml), THMMFP (127 to 683 ppb), UV absorbance (0.13 to 0.28 UV), cysts-size microscopic count (410 to 34623 #/ml), chlorine demand (2 to 2.5 mg/l), lead (0.038 mg/l), and pH (6.4-7.5 units). Under the government supervision, a continuous DAFF plant was operated at 100 gpm flow for treating the above raw water using alum, sodium aluminate, and polymer for 4 months. The DAFF effluent met the all drinking water standards, and the plant performance in terms of impurity percent removals was excellent: color (93%), humic substances (80%), turbidity (93%), coliform bacteria (99%), THMMFP (82%), UV Absorbance (86%), cyst-size microscopic count (99.6%), chlorine demand (52%), and lead (43%). Any manufacturer's dissolved air flotation (DAF) and filtration process equipment (such as AquaDAF, Clari-DAF, etc.) may achieve similar high performance for water purification.
Research Interests:
Li, Cynthia (2019). Understanding, conservation and protection of precious natural resources -- bees. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping... more
Li, Cynthia (2019). Understanding, conservation and protection of precious natural resources -- bees. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 1, Number 10, October 2019; 65 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Newtonville, NY, 12128-0405, USA. No. STEAM-VOL1-NUM10-OCT2019; http://dx.doi.org/10.17613/d8gh-1762 .......... ABSTRACT: This publication concerns the role of bees in relation to our agriculture and economy. Bees participate in the reproductive process of most flowering plants. The bees' pollination services increase flowering crop yields, improve nutritional quality. Huge numbers of their bees were dying in recent years, and apiculture is closely wedded to agriculture. Honey bees suffer from a variety of maladies attributed to pesticides, climate change, parasites, and disease, all of which contribute to increased bee mortality and catastrophic hive death such as Colony Collapse Disorder. A number of these issues appear to affect wild pollinators as well. This chapter describes a number of major stressors that lead to bee mortality and offers suggestions to improve bee and ultimately general pollinator survival. Recommended actions for beekeepers include adoption of honey bee strains that are bred for specific climates and survival traits as well as maintaining diverse forage around the apiary. Farmers are recommended to maintain areas of wild plants for diverse foraging sources, where a healthy bee diet also aids in crop pollination. In order to protect food availability, control prices, and support agricultural sustainability, governments can review ongoing research concerning known bee and pollinator stressors and implement legislation and guidelines to control human-created stressors such as pesticides while encouraging pollinator-friendly land management. ...... KEYWORDS: Pollinators, Pollination, Wild bees, Honey bees, Agriculture, Crops, Bee conservation and protection.
Research Interests:
Tsao, Hung-ping (2023). Mathematics of Hung-Ping Tsao II: Business Mathematics. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). 5 (4),... more
Tsao, Hung-ping (2023). Mathematics of Hung-Ping Tsao II: Business Mathematics. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). 5 (4), April ; 238 p. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA; https://doi.org/10.17613/wee5-r954 ..... ABSTRACT: During my seventeen years (1985-2002) of teaching at College of Business, San Francisco State University, the tailor-made textbook “College Mathematics” for my classes has been out of print for over twenty years now. I would like to share its contents, except for problem sections, with readers who might benefit from quite a few innovative ideas in pedagogical perspectives. The purpose of this sequel of “MATHEMATICS OF HUNG-PING TSAO” (see the link h-tsao-2020-hcommons.org) is to share, retrospectively, with readers the stem of my teaching resources. I would especially like to refresh my Kung-fu analogy of those differentiation rules, new approach in solving optimization problems in calculus and the cross-multiplication method for solving linear programming problems. All in all, my doctoral dissertation “Some Extremal Problems in Ordered Structures” played an important role in my tortuous career, Part I and Part II of which were published more than ten years after their submissions to the Journal of Discrete Mathematics. I was mistreated by the Journal of Discrete Mathematics when Daniel J. Kleitman was the Chief Editor. To support my claim, I present in the end a rejection letter from Daniel J. Kleitman in 1975 with a referee’s comments, contrary to what the reviewer of Mathematical Review said about Part I of my doctoral dissertation. Partly because of my frustration, I pursued eight years of actuarial career, for which I have no remorse. As a matter of fact, I had benefited a lot from it. In “MATHEMATICS OF HUNG-PING TSAO” , I have included many tidbits in Actuarial Mathematics that I previously published in Transactions and ARCH of the Society of Actuaries.
Research Interests:
Tsao, Hung-ping 曹恆平 (2023). Cracking Sudoku down completely. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 5, NUMBER 6A, June 2023;... more
Tsao, Hung-ping 曹恆平 (2023). Cracking Sudoku down completely. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 5, NUMBER 6A, June 2023; 125 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Auburndale, MA, 02466, USA. No. STEAM-VOL5-NUM6A-JUN2023; https://doi.org/10.17613/ed9t-1f58 ...... ABSTRACT: This is an e-version of the author’s paperback book in Chinese published ten years ago, the English version of which will be e-published in July 2023. Based on his ten years of experience in challenging numerous Sudoku puzzles devised by the world’s top-ranked masters, the author had developed a unique step-by-step puzzle solving procedure by way of using subscripts and brief annotations. This unique feature can manifest the logical underpinning of puzzle-unfolding process and thus enable readers, especially the seniors and minors, walk through with the author the clear path of how a Sudoku puzzle being solved.
Research Interests:
Yung-Tse Hung, Lawrence K Wang and Nazih K Shammas (2020). “Handbook of Environment and Waste Management, Volume 3, Acid Rain and Greenhouse Gas Pollution Control”, World Scientific, Singapore, 18 chapters, 792 pages, ISBN:... more
Yung-Tse Hung, Lawrence K Wang and Nazih K Shammas (2020). “Handbook of Environment and Waste Management, Volume 3, Acid Rain and Greenhouse Gas Pollution Control”, World Scientific, Singapore, 18 chapters, 792 pages, ISBN: 978-981-12-0712-9; https://doi.org/10.1142/11470 .... ABSTRACT: The third volume in the Handbook of Environment and Waste Management Series, this book has 21 chapters, and provides a comprehensive compilation of topics at the forefront of many of the technical advances and practices in acid rain and greenhouse gas pollution control. Comprising chapters contributed by internationally recognized authorities in the field of environment and waste management on their areas of expertise, readers may obtain all necessary technical information on control technologies and methods for management of acid rain and greenhouse gases from this work. This handbook is an essential source and one-stop reference for professionals and researchers in the areas of acid rain and greenhouse gas pollution control, and as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in these fields.
Research Interests:
Yung-Tse Hung, Lawrence K Wang and Nazih K Shammas (2014). “Handbook of Environment and Waste Management, Volume 2, Land and Groundwater Pollution Control”, World Scientific, Singapore, 18 chapters, 1116 pages, ISBN: 978-981-4449-16-8;... more
Yung-Tse Hung, Lawrence K Wang and Nazih K Shammas (2014). “Handbook of Environment and Waste Management, Volume 2, Land and Groundwater Pollution Control”, World Scientific, Singapore, 18 chapters, 1116 pages, ISBN: 978-981-4449-16-8; https://doi.org/10.1142/8699 .... ABSTRACT: The Handbook of Environment and Waste Management, Volume 2, Land and Groundwater Pollution Control, is a comprehensive compilation of topics that are at the forefront of many of the technical advances and practices in solid waste management and groundwater pollution control. These include biosolids management, landfill for solid waste disposal, landfill liners, beneficial reuse of waste products, municipal solid waste recovery and recycling and groundwater remediation. Internationally recognized authorities in the field of environment and waste management contribute chapters in their areas of expertise. This handbook is an essential source of reference for professionals and researchers in the areas of solid waste management and groundwater pollution control, and as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in these fields.
Research Interests:
Yung-Tse Hung, Lawrence K Wang and Nazih K Shammas (2012). “Handbook of Environment and Waste Management: Air and Water Pollution Control”, World Scientific, Singapore, 27 chapters, 1256 pages, ISBN: 978-981-4327-69-5;... more
Yung-Tse Hung, Lawrence K Wang and Nazih K Shammas (2012). “Handbook of Environment and Waste Management: Air and Water Pollution Control”, World Scientific, Singapore, 27 chapters, 1256 pages, ISBN: 978-981-4327-69-5; https://doi.org/10.1142/7971. .... ABSTRACT: The Handbook of Environment and Waste Management, Volume 1, Air and Water Pollution Control, is a comprehensive compilation of topics that are at the forefront of many technical advances and practices in air and water pollution control. These include air pollution control, water pollution control, water treatment, wastewater treatment, industrial waste treatment and small scale wastewater treatment. Internationally recognized authorities in the field of environment and waste management contribute chapters in their areas of expertise. This handbook is an essential source of reference for professionals and researchers in the areas of air, water, and waste management, and as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in these fields.
Research Interests:
Wang, Nai-Yi (2023). The principle of febrile and inflammatory diseases, 4th edition. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume... more
Wang, Nai-Yi (2023). The principle of febrile and inflammatory diseases, 4th edition. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 5, Number 1A, January 2023; 226 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA. No. STEAM-VOL5-NUM1A-JAN2023; ISBN: 978-0-9890870-4-9; DOI:10.17613/61c4-gc96............ABSTRACT: This groundbreaking book systematically characterizes Western drugs, as well as chemicals in the human body, for the first time as having “hot” and “cold” properties. This development, discovered over a 20-year period through chemistry and the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), may help medicinal chemists and drug manufacturers identify new drug leads and predict their potential side effects. One drug lead that this book identifies, for example, is a common feature of compounds that improve memory. Nai-Yi Wang is a Ph.D. organic chemist with a 35-year career in teaching and research at universities and in the pharmaceutical industry. He holds more than 20 patents in synthetic organic chemistry, natural product synthesis, and biotechnology. His research has focused on cardiovascular drugs discovery, anticancer compounds syntheses, and the development of immunoassays. As an organic chemist specializing in natural products synthesis, Wang accomplished the first total synthesis of compactin (an analog of the Merck cholesterol-lowering drug Zocor). He is also an expert in the chemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine. This is the fourth edition of his book, "The Principle of Febrile and Inflammatory Diseases.” Among the highlights of this edition is the application of immunology to the "Hot and Cold Theory" in TCM in order to address the issues in diseases for which there are currently no effective treatment in Western medicine.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Nazih K. Shammas, William A. Selke, and Donald B. Aulenbach (2010). Flotation Technology, Humana Press, Springer Nature, USA. 680 pages. doi=10.1007/978-1-60327-133-2; ISBN : 978-1-58829-494-4; ..... ABSTRACT:... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Nazih K. Shammas, William A. Selke, and Donald B. Aulenbach (2010). Flotation Technology, Humana Press, Springer Nature, USA. 680 pages. doi=10.1007/978-1-60327-133-2; ISBN : 978-1-58829-494-4; ..... ABSTRACT: This flotation technology book has four special features: (a) Detailed coverage of the principles of air flotation technology and the fundamentals of water and wastewater flotation and lake restoration; (b) Special emphasis on industry standards, trends in the field, full-scale operation and laboratory simulation of air flotation processes; (c) Ample examples of actual operating water and wastewater treatment plants based on air flotation; and (d) Plenty reference of practical use to scientists, researchers, educators and designers of water and wastewater treatment systems; ..... KEYWORDS: Oil Water Separation; Dissolved Air Flotation; Electrocoagulation Flotation; Electroflotation; Filtration; Gas Dissolution; Ozone-Oxygen Oxidation Flotation; Paper Mills; Meat Processing Waste Pretreatment; Seafood Processing Wastewater Pretreatment; Wastewater Flotation; Lake Restoration; Algae Separation; Water Quality and Water Pollution; Laboratory Simulation and Testing; Pittsfield Water Treatment Plant; RBC; UV; Recreational Wastewater Treatment
Research Interests:
Wang, L. K., Wang, M. H. S., Hung, Y. T., and Aziz, H. A (editors). (2024) Industrial Waste Engineering, Springer Nature Switzerland, 558 pages, https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-46747-9 ..... ABSTRACT: This... more
Wang, L. K., Wang, M. H. S., Hung, Y. T., and Aziz, H. A (editors). (2024) Industrial Waste Engineering, Springer Nature Switzerland, 558 pages, https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-46747-9 ..... ABSTRACT: This volume discusses: (1) the treatment of hazardous sludge, wastewater, textile effluent, contaminated groundwater, laboratory waste, toxic dye, heavy metals, acid mine drainage and palm oil effluent; (2) the technologies of stabilization, solidification, natural coagulation-flocculation, river catchment control and mitigation, dredging and mining operations, and (3) the management of acid mines, laboratories, nano pollutants and plant effluents. ..... KEYWORDS: Industrial Waste, Wastewater, Groundwater, Toxic Metals, Mine Drainage, Hazardous Sludge, Water Treatment Plants, Wastewater Treatment Plants, Textile Industrial Effluent Treatment, Sludge Solidification, Sludge Stabilization, Iron and Manganese Removal, Toxic Dye Removal, Natural Coagulant, Heavy Metals Transport, River Catchment Pollution, Dredging, Mining, Operation and Management, Laboratory Waste Management, Coagulation, Flocculation, Palm Oil Manufacturing Effluent, Acid Mine Drainage Treatment.
Research Interests: Acid Mine Drainage, Wastewater Treatment, Hazardous Waste Management, Heavy metals, Stabilization, and 10 moreRiver catchment management & farming, Natural Coagulant, Iron and manganese in groundwater, Industrial Waste, Solidification processing, Toxicity of Colours and Dyes, Coagulation, Palm Oil Mill, Dredgers and Dredging Engineering, and Laboratory Waste
This handbook provides in-depth coverage of environmental pollution sources, waste characteristics, control technologies, management strategies, facility innovations, process alternatives, costs, case histories, effluent standards, and... more
This handbook provides in-depth coverage of environmental pollution sources, waste characteristics, control technologies, management strategies, facility innovations, process alternatives, costs, case histories, effluent standards, and future trends in waste treatment processes. It delineates methodologies, technologies, and the regional and global effects of important pollution control practices. It focuses on specific industrial and manufacturing wastes and their remediation. Topics include: heavy metals, electronics, chemical, and textile manufacturing. This handbook totally has 35 chapters: (1) Toxicity, Sources, and Control of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Molybdenum (Mo), Silver (Ag), and Rare Earth Elements in the Environment; (2) Nano-Bioremediation Applications of Nanotechnology for Bioremediation; (3) Recycling of Filter Backwash Water and Alum Sludge from Water Utility for Reuse; (4) Selection of Remedial Alternatives for Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals; (5) Removal of Heavy Metals by Low-Cost Adsorption Materials; (6) Sulfide Precipitation for Treatment of Metal Wastes; (7) Stabilization of Cadmium in Waste Incineration Residues by Aluminum/Iron-Rich Materials; (8) Arsenic in the Environment Source, Characteristics, and Technologies for Pollution Elimination; (9) Simultaneous Removal of Chromium and Arsenate A Case Study Using Ferrous Iron; (10) E-Waste Recycling Environmental and Health Impacts; (11) Site Assessment and Cleanup Technologies of Metal Finishing Industry; (12) Adsorptive Removal of Arsenic from Water Sources Using Novel Nanocomposite Mixed Matrix Membranes; (13) Treatment of Photographic Processing Waste; (14) Toxicity, Source, and Control of Barium in the Environment; (15) Toxicity, Sources, and Control of Selenium, Nickel, and Beryllium in the Environment; (16) Safety and Control for Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Wastes; (17) Biological Treatment of Poultry Processing Wastewater; (18) Treatment of Wastewater, Storm Runoff, and Combined Sewer Overflow by Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration; (19) Waste Treatment and Management in Chlor-Alkali Industries; (20) Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) for Wastewater Treatment; (21) Restaurant Waste Treatment and Management; (22) Treatment of Textile Industry Waste; (23) BOD Determination, Cleaning Solution Preparation, and Waste Disposal in Laboratories; (24) Principles, Procedures, and Heavy Metal Management of Dichromate Reflux Method for COD Determination in Laboratories; (25) Environment-Friendly Activated Carbon Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment; (26) Treatment of Wastes from the Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Industry; (27) Toxicity and Sources of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, As, and Radionuclides in the Environment; (28) Environmental Behavior and Effects of Engineered Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles; (29) Heavy Metal Removal with Exopolysaccharide-Producing Cyanobacteria; (30) Environmental Geochemistry of High-Arsenic Aquifer Systems; (31) Nanotechnology Application in Metal Ion Adsorption;
(32) Biosorption of Metals onto Granular Sludge; (33) Treatment of Metal-Bearing Effluents: Removal and Recovery; (34) Control, Management, and Treatment of Metal Emissions from Motor Vehicles; and (35) Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Effluents by Chemical Precipitation and Chemical Coagulation.
(32) Biosorption of Metals onto Granular Sludge; (33) Treatment of Metal-Bearing Effluents: Removal and Recovery; (34) Control, Management, and Treatment of Metal Emissions from Motor Vehicles; and (35) Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Effluents by Chemical Precipitation and Chemical Coagulation.
Research Interests: Removal Of Heavy Metals In Contaminated Soils, Industrial wastewater Treatment, Hazardous Waste Management, Heavy metals, Heavy Metal Pollution, and 8 moreAdsorption, Ion Exchange, Chemical Precipitation, Pulp and Paper Industry, chemical and biological processes in environmental Engineering and Management, Air Emissions, Dissolved Air Flotation, Metal Finishing and Surface Engineering, and Chemical coagulation
Lawrence K. Wang, Yung-Tse Hung, Howard H. Lo, Constantine Yapijakis (2004), Handbook of Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA; 1368 pages, https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203026519; ISBN:... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Yung-Tse Hung, Howard H. Lo, Constantine Yapijakis (2004), Handbook of Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA; 1368 pages, https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203026519; ISBN: 9780429216350. ...... ABSTRACT: This 1368-pages handbook presents effective, practicable strategies modeled from ultra-modern technologies and framed by the critical insights of 78 field experts. This vastly expanded Second Edition offers 32 chapters of industry- and waste-specific analyses and treatment methods for industrial and hazardous waste treatment. The titles of 32 chapters in this handbook are: (1) Implementation of Industrial Ecology for Industrial Hazardous Waste Management; (2) Bioassay of Industrial Waste Pollutants; (3) Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastes; (4) Treatment of Oilfield and Refinery Wastes; (5) Treatment of Metal Finishing Wastes; (6) Treatment of Photographic Processing Wastes; (7) Treatment of Soap and Detergent Industry Wastes; (8) Treatment of Textile Wastes; (9) Treatment of Phosphate Industry Wastes; (10) Treatment of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastes; (11) In-Plant Management and Disposal of Industrial Hazardous Substances; (12) Application of Biotechnology for Industrial Waste Treatment; (13) Treatment of Dairy Processing Wastewaters; (14) Seafood Processing Wastewater Treatment; (15) Treatment of Meat Wastes; (16) Treatment of Palm Oil Wastewaters; (17) Olive Oil Waste Treatment; (18) Potato Wastewater Treatment; (19) Stormwater Management and Treatment; (20) Site Remediation and Groundwater Decontamination; (21) Pollution Prevention; (22) Treatment of Pesticide Industry Wastes; (23) Livestock Waste Treatment; (24) Soft Drink Waste Treatment; (25) Bakery Waste Treatment; (26) Explosive Waste Treatment; (27) Food Waste Treatment; (28) Treatment of Landfill Leachate; (29) On-Site Monitoring and Analysis of Industrial Pollutants; (30) Treatment of Rubber Industry Wastes; (31) Treatment of Timber Industry Wastes; and (32) Treatment of Power Industry Wastes.
Research Interests:
This handbook contains most industrial and hazardous waste management resources of the major industries and provides conventional in-plant pollution control strategies. Until now however, no book or series of books has provided coverage... more
This handbook contains most industrial and hazardous waste management resources of the major industries and provides conventional in-plant pollution control strategies. Until now however, no book or series of books has provided coverage that includes the environmental engineering developments in innovative and alternative process technologies for industrial waste treatment and management. Specifically this handbook includes the following chapters: (1) Waste Minimization and Cleaner Production; (2) Waste Treatment in the Iron and Steel Manufacturing Industry; (3) Treatment of Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Wastes; (4) Management, Minimization, and Recycling of Metal Casting Wastes; (5) Waste Treatment in the Aluminum Forming Industry; (6) Treatment of Nickel-Chromium Plating Wastes; (7) Waste Treatment and Management in the Coil Coating Industry; (8) Waste Treatment in the Porcelain Enameling Industry; (9) Treatment and Management of Metal Finishing Industry Wastes; (10) A Holistic Approach to Phytofiltration of Heavy Metals; (11) Recent Advances in Rhizofiltration, Constructed Wetlands, Lagoons, and Bioadsorbent-Based Systems; (12) Effects of Metals on Microorganisms in the Environment; (13) Legislation and Regulations for Hazardous Wastes; (14) Characteristics of Hazardous Industrial Wastes; (15) Soil Remediation; (16) Leachate Treatment Using Bioremediation; (17) Remediation of Sites Contaminated by Hazardous Wastes; (18) Enzymatic Removal of Aqueous Pentachlorophenol; (19) Remediation of Sites Contaminated by Underground Storage Tank Releases; (20) Biological Treatment Processes for Urea and Formaldehyde Containing Wastewater; (21) Hazardous Waste Deep-Well Injection; (22) Waste Management in the Pulp and Paper Industry; (23) Waste Treatment in the Inorganic Chemical Industry; (24) Incineration and Combustion of Hazardous Wastes; (25) Remediation from MTBE and Other Fuel Oxygenates; (26) Evapotranspiration Landfill Cover; (27) Hazardous Waste Landfill; (28) Kinetics and Case Histories of Activated Sludge Secondary Flotation Systems; (29) Management and Treatment of Acid Pickling Wastes Containing Heavy Metals; (30) Recycling and Disposal of Hazardous Solid Wastes Containing Heavy Metals and Other Toxic Substances; (31) Food Industry Wastewater Treatment; (32) Radon Mitigation in Buildings; and (33) Treatment of Battery Manufacturing Wastes.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, Yung-Tse Hung, Nazih K. Shammas (2021). Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Springer Cham, NY, USA, 512 pages; ISBN: 978-3-030-54625-0; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54626-7... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, Yung-Tse Hung, Nazih K. Shammas (2021). Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Springer Cham, NY, USA, 512 pages; ISBN: 978-3-030-54625-0; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54626-7 ..... ABSTRACT: The purpose of this book is to thoroughly prepare the reader for understanding the available resources, protection, treatment and control methods, such as bee protection, water reclamation, environmental conservation, biological and natural processes, endocrine disruptor removal, thermal pollution control, thermal energy reuse, lake restoration, industrial waste treatment, agricultural waste treatment, pest and vector control, and environmental engineering education. The chapters provide information on some of the most innovative and ground-breaking advances in environmental and natural resources engineering from a panel of esteemed experts. This book has 12 chapters: (1) Understanding, Conservation, and Protection of Precious Natural Resources: Bees; (2) Water Reclamation and Reuse for Environmental Conservation; (3) Biological Processes for Water Resource Protection and Water Recovery; (4) Removal of Endocrine Disruptors for Environmental Protection; (5) Cooling and Reuse of Thermal Discharges; (6) Basic Hydrology, Water Resources, and DAF Boat Plant for Lake Restoration; (7) Advances in Cadmium Detoxification/Stabilization by Sintering with Ceramic Matrices; (8) Advances in Treatment of Vegetable Oil Refining Wastes; (9) Environmental Engineering Education in the Modern Era; (10) Environmental Control of Pests and Vectors; (11) Book Reviews: Water Environment; and (12) Glossary of Natural Resources and Environmental Pollution Control.
Research Interests: Higher Education, Environment and natural resources conservation, Hydrology and Ecohydrology, Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Food Waste, and 7 moreHoney Bees, Vegetable oil, Lake restoration, chemical and biological processes in environmental Engineering and Management, Water Reclamation and Recycling Methods, Thermal Discharges, and Impact Acid Rain
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, Yung-Tse Hung (2021). Integrated Natural Resources Research, Springer Cham, NY, USA; 651 pages, ISBN: 978-3-030-61001-2; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61002-9 .... ABSTRACT: The book will... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, Yung-Tse Hung (2021). Integrated Natural Resources Research, Springer Cham, NY, USA; 651 pages, ISBN: 978-3-030-61001-2; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61002-9 .... ABSTRACT: The book will be useful to environmental resources engineers, researchers, water treatment plant managers, chemical engineers, industrial plant managers, and environmental conservation agencies. This book includes 12 chapters: (1) Fenton Oxidation and Biological Activated Carbon Treatment for Recycling Biotreated Coking Plant Wastewater; (2) Composting for Food Processing Wastes; (3) Treatment of Wastewaters from Chemical Industries; (4) Agricultural Waste as a Low-Cost Adsorbent; (5) Waste Vegetable Oils, Fats, and Cooking Oils in Biodiesel Production; (6) Physicochemical Treatment Consisting of Chemical Coagulation, Precipitation, Sedimentation, and Flotation; (7) Water Quality Control of Tidal Rivers and Estuaries; (8) First Wave of Flotation Technology Evolution: Once the World’s Largest DAF-Filtration Plant and Its Hydroelectric Facility; (9) Cationic Surfactant Analysis with Good Laboratory Practice and Waste Management; (10) Treatment of Laundry Wastewater by Physicochemical and Flotation Processes; (11) Book Reviews: Natural Resources; and (12) Glossary of Water Quality, Treatment, and Recovery.
Research Interests: Water and wastewater treatment, Surfactants, Produced water recovery, Tertiary Treatment of Waste Water from Chemical Industry, Biodiesel Production, and 8 moreWater Quality, Food processing wastes, Agricultural Waste Management, Dissolved Air Floatation, Hydroelectric Power Plants, Modified Fenton Oxidation, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVATED CARBON, and Laundry Wash
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, Yung-Tse Hung, Nazih K. Shammas (2021) Integrated Natural Resources Management, Springer Cham, NY, USA. 447 pages. ISBN No. 978-3-030-55171-1; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55172-8 ........ more
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, Yung-Tse Hung, Nazih K. Shammas (2021) Integrated Natural Resources Management, Springer Cham, NY, USA. 447 pages. ISBN No. 978-3-030-55171-1; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55172-8 ..... ABSTRACT: The purpose of this book is to thoroughly prepare the reader for understanding the topics of global warming, climate change, glacier melting, salmon protection, village-driven latrines, engineers without borders (USA), surface water quality analysis, electrical and electronic wastes treatment, water quality control, tidal rivers and estuaries, geographic information systems, remote sensing applications, water losses investigations, wet infrastructure, lake restoration, acidic water control, biohydrogen production, mixed culture dark anaerobic fermentation, industrial waste recycle, agricultural waste recycle, recycled adsorbents, heavy metals removal, magnetic technology, recycled biohydrogen materials, lignocellulosic biomass, extremely halotolerant bacterial communities, salt pan and salt damaged soil. The chapters provide information on some of the most innovative and ground-breaking advances in resources conversation, protection, recycling, and reuse from a panel of esteemed experts.
Research Interests: Climate Change, Natural Resource Management, Salomon Maimon, Environmental Sustainability, Global Warming, and 8 moreCoastal processes, Estuaries, Marine Protected areas, Surface water hydrology, Glaciers, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Tidal Waterways, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Latrines, and Engineers Without Borders-USA
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, Yung-Tse Hung, Nazih K. Shammas (2016). Natural Resources and Control Processes, Springer , New York, NY, USA, 633 pages, ISBN No.: 978-3-319-26798-2; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26800-2... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, Yung-Tse Hung, Nazih K. Shammas (2016). Natural Resources and Control Processes, Springer , New York, NY, USA, 633 pages, ISBN No.: 978-3-319-26798-2; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26800-2 ..... ABSTRACT: The purpose of this book is to thoroughly prepare the reader for understanding the sources, treatment and control methods of toxic wastes shown to have harmful effects on the environment. Chapters provide information on some of the most innovative and ground-breaking advances in waste characterization, control, treatment and management from a panel of esteemed experts. Totally there are 11 chapters in this book: (1) Management of Livestock Wastes for Water Resource Protection; (2) Application of Natural Processes for Environmental Protection; (3) Proper Deep-Well Waste Disposal for Water Resources Protection; (4) Treatment and Management of Industrial Dye Wastewater for Water Resources Protection; (5) Health Effects and Control of Toxic Lead in the Environment; (6) Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Plastic Trickling Filters for BOD and Nutrient Removal; (7) Chlorides Removal for Recycling Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator; (8) Recent Evaluation of Early Radioactive Disposal Practice; (9) Recent Trends in the Evaluation of Cementitious Material in Radioactive Waste Disposal; (10) Extensive Monitoring System of Sediment Transport for Reservoir Sediment Management; and (11) Glossary of Land and Energy Resources Engineering.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Chih Ted Yang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2016) Advances in Water Resources Management, Springer Cham, NY, USA; 569 pages; ISBN: 978-3-319-22923-2; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22924-9 ..... ABSTRACT: This book... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Chih Ted Yang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2016) Advances in Water Resources Management, Springer Cham, NY, USA; 569 pages; ISBN: 978-3-319-22923-2; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22924-9 ..... ABSTRACT: This book provides in-depth coverage of such topics as multi-reservoir system operation theory and practice, management of aquifer systems connected to streams using semi-analytical models, one-dimensional model of water quality and aquatic ecosystem-ecotoxicology in river systems, environmental and health impacts of hydraulic fracturing and shale gas, bioaugmentation for water resources protection, wastewater renovation by flotation for water pollution control, determination of receiving water’s reaeration coefficient in the presence of salinity for water quality management, sensitivity analysis for stream water quality management, river ice process, and computer-aided mathematical modeling of water properties. This critical volume will serve as a valuable reference work for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, designers of water resources systems, and scientists and researchers.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Nazih K. Shammas, Yung-Tse Hung (2008) Biosolids Engineering and Management, Humana Press, NJ, USA; 802 pages, ISBN: 978-1-58829-861-4; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-174-1 ..... ABSTRACT: Both insightful... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Nazih K. Shammas, Yung-Tse Hung (2008) Biosolids Engineering and Management, Humana Press, NJ, USA; 802 pages, ISBN: 978-1-58829-861-4; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-174-1 ..... ABSTRACT: Both insightful and illuminating, this book gives state-of-the-art illustrations of the theory and practice of individual biosolids management systems and pertinent information on physical, chemical and biological treatment technologies used today. This book includes 13 chapters: (1) Transport and Pumping of Sewage Sludge and Biosolids; (2) Conversion of Sewage Sludge to Biosolids; (3) Biosolids Thickening-Dewatering and Septage Treatment; (4) Waste Chlorination and Stabilization; (5) Storage of Sewage Sludge and Biosolids; (6) Regulations and Costs of Biosolids Disposal and Reuse; (7) Engineering and Management of Agricultural Land Application; (8) Landfilling Engineering and Management; (9) Ocean Disposal Technology and Assessment; (10) Combustion and Incineration Engineering; (11) Combustion and Incineration Management; (12) Beneficial Utilization of Biosolids; and (13) Process Selection of Biosolids Management Systems.
Research Interests:
This book is one of the volumes of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series. The principal intention of this series is to help readers formulate answers to the above three questions. The traditional approach of applying... more
This book is one of the volumes of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series. The principal intention of this series is to help readers formulate answers to the above three questions. The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to specific pollution problems has been a major contributing factor to the success of environmental engineering, and has accounted in large measure for the establishment of a “methodology of pollution control. ” However, the realization of the ever-increasing complexity and interrelated nature of current environmental problems renders it imperative that intelligent planning of pollution abatement systems be undertaken. This book includes 23 chapters: (1) Characteristics and Quantity of Biosolids; (2) Gravity Thickening; (3) Flotation Thickening; (4) Centrifugation Clarification and Thickening ; (5) Anaerobic Digestion; (6) Aerobic Digestion; (7) Lime Stabilization; (8) Pressurized Ozonation; (9) Low-Temperature Thermal Treatment Processes; (10) Irradiation and Solid Substances Disinfection; (11) Inorganic Chemical Conditioning and Stabilization; (12) Elutriation and Polymer Conditioning ; (13) Drying Beds; (14) Animal Wastes Treatment Using Anaerobic Lagoons; (15) Vertical Shaft Digestion, Flotation, and Biofiltration; (16) Vacuum Filtration; (17) Belt Filter Presses; (18) Pressure Filtration; (19) Evaporation Processes; (20) High Temperature Thermal Processes; (21) Biosolids Composting; (22) Vermicomposting Process; and (23) Land Application of Biosolids.
Research Interests: Flotation, Vermicomposting, Sewage sludge, Composting, Biosolids management, and 6 moreBiological Wastewater Treatment, Anaerobic Digestion (Methanogenic and BSR), Activated Sludge Nutrient Removal and Integrated WWTP modelling, Heating, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Energy Systems and Thermal Processes, Aerobic Digestion, and Vacuum Filtration
Lawrence K. Wang, Norman C. Pereira, Yung-Tse Hung (2005) Advanced Air and Noise Pollution Control, Humana Totowa, NJ, USA; 526 pages, ISBN: 978-1-58829-359-6; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-779-6 ..... ABSTRACT: Leading... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Norman C. Pereira, Yung-Tse Hung (2005) Advanced Air and Noise Pollution Control, Humana Totowa, NJ, USA; 526 pages, ISBN: 978-1-58829-359-6; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-779-6 ..... ABSTRACT: Leading pollution control educators and practicing professionals describe how various combinations of different cutting-edge process systems can be arranged to solve air, noise, and thermal pollution problems. Each chapter discusses in detail a variety of process combinations, along with technical and economic evaluations, and presents explanations of the principles behind the designs, as well as numerous variant designs useful to practicing engineers. The emphasis throughout is on developing the necessary engineering solutions from fundamental principles of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. The authors also include extensive references, cost data, design methods, guidance on the installation and operation of various air pollution control process equipment and systems, and Best Available Technologies (BAT) for air thermal and noise pollution control. This book includes 13 chapters: (1) Atmospheric Modeling and Dispersion; (2) Desulfurization and Emissions Control; (3) Carbon Sequestration; (4) Control of NO x During Stationary Combustion; (5) Control of Heavy Metals in Emission Streams; (6) Ventilation and Air Conditioning; (7) Indoor Air Pollution Control; (8) Odor Pollution Control; (9) Radon Pollution Control; (10) Cooling of Thermal Discharges; (11) Performance and Costs of Air Pollution Control Technologies; (12) Noise Pollution; and (13) Noise Control.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Norman C. Pereira, Yung-Tse Hung (2004) Air Pollution Control Engineering, Humana Totowa, NJ, USA, 504 pages, ISBN 978-1-58829-161-5; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-778-9 ..... ABSTRACT: A panel of respected air... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Norman C. Pereira, Yung-Tse Hung (2004) Air Pollution Control Engineering, Humana Totowa, NJ, USA, 504 pages, ISBN 978-1-58829-161-5; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-778-9 ..... ABSTRACT: A panel of respected air pollution control educators and practicing professionals critically survey both principles and practices underlying control processes, and illustrate these with a host of detailed design examples for practicing engineers. This book includes 12 chapters: (1) Air Quality and Pollution Control; (2) Fabric Filtration; (3) Cyclones; (4) Electrostatic Precipitation; (5) Wet and Dry Scrubbing; (6) Condensation; (7) Flare Process; (8) Thermal Oxidation; (9) Catalytic Oxidation; (10) Gas-Phase Activated Carbon Adsorption; (11) Gas-Phase Biofiltration; and (12) Emerging Air Pollution Control Technologies.
Research Interests:
Chih Ted Yang, Lawrence K. Wang (2015), Advances in Water Resources Engineering, Springer Cham, NY, USA, 556 pages, ISBN No.: 978-3-319-11022-6; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11023-3. ..... ABSTRACT: This book, Handbook of... more
Chih Ted Yang, Lawrence K. Wang (2015), Advances in Water Resources Engineering, Springer Cham, NY, USA, 556 pages, ISBN No.: 978-3-319-11022-6; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11023-3. ..... ABSTRACT: This book, Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 14, Advances in Water Resources Engineering, covers the topics on watershed sediment dynamics and modeling, integrated simulation of interactive surface water and groundwater systems, river channel stabilization with submerged vanes, non-equilibrium sediment transport, reservoir sedimentation, and fluvial processes, minimum energy dissipation rate theory and applications, hydraulic modeling development and application, geophysical methods for assessment of earthen dams, soil erosion on upland areas by rainfall and overland flow, geofluvial modeling methodologies and applications, and environmental water engineering glossary. This book has 10 chapters: (1) Watershed Sediment Dynamics and Modeling: A Watershed Modeling System for Yellow River; (2) Integrated Simulation of Interactive Surface-Water and Groundwater Systems; (3) River Channel Stabilization with Submerged Vanes; (4) Mathematic Modelling of Non-Equilibrium Suspended Load Transport, Reservoir Sedimentation, and Fluvial Processes; (5) Minimum Energy Dissipation Rate Theory and Its Applications for Water Resources Engineering; (6) Hydraulic Modeling Development and Application in Water Resources Engineering; (7) Geophysical Methods for the Assessment of Earthen Dams; (8) Soil Erosion on Upland Areas by Rainfall and Overland Flow; (9) Advances in Geofluvial Modeling: Methodologies and Applications; and (10) Environmental Water Engineering Glossary
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Chih Ted Yang (2014) , Modern Water Resources Engineering, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, USA; 866 pages, ISBN No. 978-1-62703-594-1; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-595-8 ..... ABSTRACT: This book provides... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Chih Ted Yang (2014) , Modern Water Resources Engineering, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, USA; 866 pages, ISBN No. 978-1-62703-594-1; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-595-8 ..... ABSTRACT: This book provides information on some of the most innovative and ground-breaking advances in the field today from a panel of esteemed experts. There are 16 chapters : (1) Introduction to Hydrology; (2) open-Channel Hydraulics: From Then to Now and Beyond; (3) River Ecology; (4) River Restoration; (5) Sediment Management and Sustainable Use of Reservoirs; (6) Sediment Transport, River Morphology, and River Engineering; (7) GIS and Remote Sensing Applications in Modern Water Resources Engineering; (8) Decision Making Under Uncertainty: A New Paradigm for Water Resources Planning and Management; (9) Upland Erosion Modeling; (10) Advances in Water Resources Systems Engineering: Applications of Machine Learning; (11) Climate Change and Its Impact on Water Resources; (12) Engineering Management of Agricultural Land Application for Watershed Protection; (13) Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment and Water Reuse; (14) Living Machines for Bioremediation, Wastewater Treatment, and Water Conservation; (15) Aquaculture System Management and Water Conservation; and (16) Glossary and Conversion Factors for Water Resources Engineers.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Jiaping Paul Chen, Yung-Tse Hung, Nazih K. Shammas (2010), Membrane and Desalination Technologies, Humana Totowa, NJ, USA, 716 pages, ISBN 978-1-58829-940-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-278-6 ........ more
Lawrence K. Wang, Jiaping Paul Chen, Yung-Tse Hung, Nazih K. Shammas (2010), Membrane and Desalination Technologies, Humana Totowa, NJ, USA, 716 pages, ISBN 978-1-58829-940-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-278-6 ..... ABSTRACT: This book includes the following chapters: (1) Membrane Technology: Past, Present and Future; (2) Preparation of Polymeric Membranes; (3) Advanced Membrane Fouling Characterization in Full-Scale Reverse Osmosis Processes; (4) Membrane Filtration Regulations and Determination of Log Removal Value; (5) Treatment of Industrial Effluents, Municipal Wastes, and Potable Water by Membrane Bioreactors; (6) Treatment of Food Industry Foods and Wastes by Membrane Filtration; (7) Membrane Separation: Basics and Applications; (8) Membrane Systems Planning and Design; (9) Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Method; (10) Membrane Processes for Reclamation of Municipal Wastewater; (11) Potable Water Biotechnology, Membrane Filtration and Biofiltration; (12) Desalination of Seawater by Thermal Distillation and Electrodialysis Technologies; (13) Desalination of Seawater by Reverse Osmosis; (14) Membrane Technologies for Point-of-Use and Point-of-Entry Applications; (15) Membrane Technologies for Oil–Water Separation; and (16) Gas-Sparged Ultrafiltration: Recent Trends, Applications and Future Challenges.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Joo-Hwa Tay, Stephen Tiong Lee Tay and Yung-Tse Hung (2010), Environmental Bioengineering, Humana Press, NJ, USA, 867 pages, ISBN 978-1-58829-493-7 ; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-031-1 ..... ABSTRACT:... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Joo-Hwa Tay, Stephen Tiong Lee Tay and Yung-Tse Hung (2010), Environmental Bioengineering, Humana Press, NJ, USA, 867 pages, ISBN 978-1-58829-493-7 ; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-031-1 ..... ABSTRACT: This book includes the following chapters: (1) Treatment and Disposal of Biosolids; (2) Ultrasound Pretreatment of Sludge for Anaerobic Digestion; (3) Solubilization of Sewage Sludge to Improve Anaerobic Digestion; (4) Applications of Composted Solid Wastes for Farmland Amendment and Nutrient Balance in Soils; (5) Biotreatment of Sludge and Reuse; (6) Kitchen Refuse Fermentation; (7) Heavy Metal Removal by Crops from Land Application of Sludge; (8) Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils and Water Using Vetiver Grass; (9) Bioremediation; (10) Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment; (11) Modeling of Biosorption Processes; (12) Heavy Metal Removal by Microbial Biosorbents; (13) Simultaneous Removal of Carbon and Nitrogen from Domestic Wastewater in an Aerobic RBC; (14) Anaerobic Treatment of Low-Strength Wastewater by a Biofilm Reactor; (15) Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes; (16) Total Treatment of Black and Grey Water for Rural Communities; (17) Anaerobic Treatment of Milk Processing Wastewater; (18) Biological Wastewater Treatment of Nutrient-Deficient Tomato-Processing and Bean-Processing Wastewater; and (19) Animal Glue Production from Skin Wastes. This book’s sister book is entitled, “Environmental Biotechnology” (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-140-0) ; KEY-POINTS: (1) Written by a distinguished panel of experts in the field of environmental bioengineering; (2) Offers theories and principles that are crucial for solving pollution problems in the modern era; (3) Emphasizes theories and principles of environmental microbiology and biological systems engineering; AND (4) Serves as an incredible companion to Volume 10: Environmental Biotechnology.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang, Volodymyr Ivanov, Joo-Hwa Tay, and Yung-Tse Hung (2010), Environmental Biotechnology, Humana Totowa, NJ, USA, 975 pages. ISBN No. 978-1-58829-166-0; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-140-0 ..... ABSTRACT: This... more
Lawrence K. Wang, Volodymyr Ivanov, Joo-Hwa Tay, and Yung-Tse Hung (2010), Environmental Biotechnology, Humana Totowa, NJ, USA, 975 pages. ISBN No. 978-1-58829-166-0; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-140-0 ..... ABSTRACT: This book includes the following chapters: (1) Applications of Environmental Biotechnology; (2) Microbiology of Environmental Engineering Systems; (3) Microbial Systematics; (4) Microbial Ecology; (5) Microbial Metabolism: Importance for Environmental Biotechnology; (6) Microbial Ecology of Isolated Life Support Systems; (7) Environmental Solid-State Cultivation Processes and Bioreactors; (8) Value-Added Biotechnological Products from Organic Wastes; (9) Anaerobic Digestion in Suspended Growth Bioreactors; (10) Selection and Design of Membrane Bioreactors in Environmental Bioengineering; (11) Closed Ecological Systems, Space Life Support and Biospherics; (12) Natural Environmental Biotechnology; (13) Aerobic and Anoxic Suspended-Growth Biotechnologies; (14) Aerobic and Anaerobic Attached Growth Biotechnologies; (15) Sequencing Batch Reactor Technology; (16) Flotation Biological Systems; (17) A/O Phosphorus Removal Biotechnology; (18) Treatment of Septage and Biosolids from Biological Processes; and (19) Environmental Control of Biotechnology Industry. This book’s sister book is entitled, “Environmental Bioengineering” (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-031-1)
Research Interests:
This book includes the following chapters: (1) Principles and Kinetics of Biological Processes; (2) Vertical Shaft Bioreactors; (3) Aerobic Granulation Technology; (4) Membrane Bioreactors; (5) SBR Systems for Biological Nutrient... more
This book includes the following chapters: (1) Principles and Kinetics of Biological Processes; (2) Vertical Shaft Bioreactors; (3) Aerobic Granulation Technology; (4) Membrane Bioreactors; (5) SBR Systems for Biological Nutrient Removal; (6) Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SymBio® Process); (7) Single-Sludge Biological Systems for Nutrients Removal; (8) Selection and Design of Nitrogen Removal Processes; (9) Column Bioreactor Clarifier Process (CBCP); (10) Upflow Sludge Blanket Filtration; (11) Anaerobic Lagoons and Storage Ponds; (12) Vertical Shaft Digestion, Flotation, and Biofiltration; (13) Land Application of Biosolids; (14) Deep-Well Injection for Waste Management; (15) Natural Biological Treatment Processes; (16) Emerging Suspended-Growth Biological Processes; and (17) Emerging Attached-Growth Biological Processes.
Research Interests:
Pollution and its effects on the environment have emerged as critical areas of research within the past 30 years. The Handbook of Environmental Engineering is a collection of methodologies that study the effects of pollution and waste in... more
Pollution and its effects on the environment have emerged as critical areas of research within the past 30 years. The Handbook of Environmental Engineering is a collection of methodologies that study the effects of pollution and waste in their three basic forms: gas, solid, and liquid. In Volume 8, Biological Treatment Processes, tried-and-true solutions comprise a “methodology of pollution control”. The distinguished panel of authors contributes detailed chapters, which include topics ranging from treatment by land application, activated sludge processes, and submerged aeration to trickling filters, lagoons, rotating biological contactors, sequencing batch reactors, digestions, and composting. Volume 8 and its sister book - Volume 9: Advanced Biological Treatment Processes – are designed as both basic biological waste treatment textbooks and reference books for advanced undergraduate and graduate students – as well as for designers of waste treatment systems, scientists, and researchers. An indispensable addition to the Humana Press series, Volume 8: Biological Treatment Processes provides an illuminating look at water pollution control and the fascinating evolution of bio-environmental engineering. This book includes the following chapters: (1) Fundamental Concepts for Environmental Processes; (2) Treatment by Application Onto Land; (3) Treatment by Subsurface Application; (4) Submerged Aeration; (5) Surface and Spray Aeration; (6) Activated Sludge Processes; (7) Pure Oxygen Activated Sludge Process; (8) Waste Stabilization Ponds and Lagoons; (9) Trickling Filters; (10) Rotating Biological Contactors; (11) Sequencing Batch Reactors; (12) Oxidation Ditch; (13) Biological Nitrification and Denitrification Processes; (14) Anaerobic Digestion; (15) Aerobic Digestion; (16) Biosolids Composting; (17) Vermicomposting Process; and (18) Biological Odor and VOC Control Process.
Research Interests: Composting, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, Anaerobic Digestion, Waste Stabilization, Biological Wastewater Treatment, Anaerobic Digestion (Methanogenic and BSR), Activated Sludge Nutrient Removal and Integrated WWTP modelling, Nitrification and Denitrification, and 5 moreTrickling filter, Aerobic Digestion, Aeration Systems, Sequencing Batch Reactor Technology, and Rotating Biological Contactor
In Advanced Physiochemical Treatment Technologies, leading pollution control educators and practicing professionals describe how various combinations of different cutting-edge process systems can be arranged to solve air, noise, and... more
In Advanced Physiochemical Treatment Technologies, leading pollution control educators and practicing professionals describe how various combinations of different cutting-edge process systems can be arranged to solve air, noise, and thermal pollution problems. Each chapter discusses in detail the three basic forms in which pollutants and waste are manifested: gas, solid, and liquid. This book includes the following chapters: (1) Pressurized Ozonation; (2) Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment Processes; (3) Irradiation; (4) Nonthermal Plasma Technology; (5) Thermal Distillation and Electrodialysis Technologies for Desalination; (6) Reverse Osmosis Technology for Desalination; (7) Emerging Biosorption, Adsorption, Ion Exchange, and Membrane Technologies; (8) Fine Pore Aeration of Water and Wastewater; (9) Emerging Flotation Technologies; (10) Endocrine Disruptors; (11) Filtration Systems for Small Communities; (12) Chemical Feeding System; (13) Wet Air Oxidation for Waste Treatment; and (14) Lime Calcination.
Research Interests: Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Technology, Biosorption, Electrochemical Engineering, and 10 moreFlotation, Adsorption, Ion Exchange, Filtration Systems, Water Filtration, Endocrine Disruptors, Aeration, Wet Air Oxidation, LIME CALCINATION, Ozonation for Process Water Quality, and physicochemical process
The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to specific pollution problems has been a major contributing factor to the success of environmental engineering, and has accounted in large measure for the establishment of a... more
The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to specific pollution problems has been a major contributing factor to the success of environmental engineering, and has accounted in large measure for the establishment of a “methodology of pollution control. ” However, the realization of the ever-increasing complexity and interrelated nature of current environmental problems renders it imperative that intelligent planning of pollution abatement systems be undertaken. This book includes the following chapters: (1) Potable Water Aeration; (2) Air Stripping; (3) Adsorptive Bubble Separation and Dispersed Air Flotation; (4) Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption; (5) Diatomaceous Earth Precoat Filtration; (6) Tertiary Microscreening; (7) Membrane Filtration; (8) Ion Exchange; (9) Fluoridation and Defluoridation; (10) Ultraviolet Radiation for Disinfection; (11) Water Chlorination and Chloramination; (12) Waste Chlorination and Stabilization; (13) Dechlorination; (14) Advanced Oxidation Processes; (15) Chemical Reduction/Oxidation; (16) Oil Water Separation; (17) Evaporation Processes; and (18) Solvent Extraction, Leaching and Supercritical Extraction.
Research Interests: Environmental Engineering, Solvent Extraction, Adsorption, Ion Exchange, Chlorination, Water Fluoridation, and 8 moreEvaporation Rate, Chemical Enggineering, Dissolved Air Flotation, Oxidation-Reduction, Advanced Oxidation Process, Oil-Water Separation, Ultraviolet Disinfection, and physicochemical process
The principal intention of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series is to help readers formulate answers to the last two questions. The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to specific pollution problems has... more
The principal intention of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series is to help readers formulate answers to the last two questions. The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to specific pollution problems has been a major contributing factor to the success of environmental engineering, and has accounted in large measure for the establishment of a “methodology of pollution control. ” However, realization of the ever-increasing complexity and interrelated nature of current environmental problems makes it imperative that intelligent planning of pollution abatement systems be undertaken. This book (Handbook of Environmental Engineering Volume 3) includes the following chapters: (1) Screening and Comminution; (2) Flow Equalization and Neutralization; (3) Mixing; (4) Coagulation and Flocculation; (5) Chemical Precipitation; (6) Recarbonation and Softening; (7) Chemical Oxidation; (8) Halogenation and Disinfection; (9) Ozonation; (10) Electrolysis; (11) Sedimentation; (12) Dissolved Air Flotation; (13) Gravity Filtration; (14) Polymeric Adsorption and Regenerant Distillation; (15) Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption; (16) Physicochemical Treatment Processes for Water Reuse; and (17) Sludge Treatment.
Research Interests:
This book covers topics on humanitarian engineering education of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology and recent advances in potable water and wastewater flotation processes. The specific advancements covered include: chemical... more
This book covers topics on humanitarian engineering education of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology and recent advances in potable water and wastewater flotation processes. The specific advancements covered include: chemical coagulation and precipitation enhancements, first wave of flotation advancement for potable water treatment, second wave of flotation technology advancement for wastewater treatment, innovative circular gravity flotation, fiber detection, fiber separation, independent physicochemical wastewater treatment systems, primary flotation clarification, secondary flotation clarification, tertiary treatment, activated sludge and flotation wastewater treatment, cold weather wastewater conditions, operation and performance of the AquaDAF process system, operation and performance of the Clari-DAF process system, water purification, spectrophotometric determination of dissolved proteins, biological and physicochemical sequencing batch reactors, and sedimentation and flotation comparisons. The book will be of value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, to designers of flotation systems, and to scientists and researchers.
Research Interests: Environmental Engineering, Water Purification, Wastewater Treatment, Bioreactor technology, Humanitarian Engineering, and 8 moreWater Filtration, Dissolved Air Flotation, Sequencing Batch Reactor Technology, AquaDAF, Clari-DAF, dissolved proteins, cold weather wastewater treatment, and Chemical coagulation
Wang, L. K., Wang, M. H. S. and Hung, Y. T. (2024). “Waste Treatment in the Biotechnology, Agricultural and Food Industries, Volume 2”, Springer Nature Switzerland, 433 pages. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-44768-6 ;... more
Wang, L. K., Wang, M. H. S. and Hung, Y. T. (2024). “Waste Treatment in the Biotechnology, Agricultural and Food Industries, Volume 2”, Springer Nature Switzerland, 433 pages. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-44768-6 ; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44768-6 ..... ABSTRACT: This book (Volume 2) covers topics on: (a) application of secondary flotation-filtration and coagulant recycle for improvement of a pulp mill primary waste treatment facility; (b) management of solid and hazardous wastes; (c) microbial enzymes for wastewater treatment; (d) a multi-criteria approach to appropriate treatment technology selection for water reclamation; (e) chemicals used in agriculture: hazards and associated toxicity issues; (f) biochar for adsorptive removal of pharmaceuticals from environmental water; (g) treatment of palm oil mill effluent; (h) treatment and management of solid waste by incineration; (i) technologies for removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from industrial effluents and/or potable water sources; (j) treatment of healthcare waste. ...... KEYWORDS: Waste Treatment, Biotechnology Industry, Agricultural Industry, Food Industry, Environmental Engineering, Secondary Flotation, Filtration, Coagulant Recycle, Pulp Mill, Primary Treatment Improvement, Hazardous Waste, Microbial Enzymes, Multi-criteria Approach, Water Reclamation, Agricultural Chemicals, Toxicity, Biochar, Adsorption, Pharmaceuticals, Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment, Hazardous Solid Waste, Incineration, Volatile Organic Compounds, Healthcare Waste Management, Waste Disposal
Research Interests: Multi Criteria Decision Making, Hazardous Waste Management, Healthcare Management, Pulp and Paper Industry, Biomedical Waste Disposal at Hospitals, and 6 morePalm Oil Mill, Microbial enzyme Technology, Volatile Organic Compound (VOC), Water Reclamation, Solid Waste Incineration, and secondary flotation clarification
Wang, L. K., Wang, M. H. S. and Hung, Y. T. (2022). “Waste Treatment in the Biotechnology, Agricultural and Food Industries, Volume 1”, Springer Nature Switzerland, 485 pages. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03591-3 ;... more
Wang, L. K., Wang, M. H. S. and Hung, Y. T. (2022). “Waste Treatment in the Biotechnology, Agricultural and Food Industries, Volume 1”, Springer Nature Switzerland, 485 pages. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03591-3 ; https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-03591-3 ; ...... ABSTRACT: This book (Volume 1) covers topics on: treatment and management of livestock wastes; waste treatment in the pharmaceutical biotechnology industry using green environmental technologies; vermicomposting process for treating agricultural and food wastes; the impacts of climate change on agricultural, food, and public utility industries; innovative PACT activated sludge, CAPTOR activated sludge, activated bio-filter, vertical loop reactor, and PHOSTRIP processes; agricultural waste treatment by water hyacinth aquaculture, wetland aquaculture, evapotranspiration, rapid rate land treatment , slow rate land treatment, and subsurface infiltration; production and applications of crude polyhydroxyalkanoate-containing bioplastic from agricultural and food-processing wastes; optimization processes of biodiesel production from pig and neem seeds blend oil using alternative catalysts from waste biomass; making castor oil a promising source for the production of flavor and fragrance through lipase mediated biotransformation; and waste treatment and minimization in baker's yeast industry. .... KEYWORDS: Waste Management, Waste Treatment, Livestock Wastes, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Industry, Green Environmental Technologies, Vermicomposting, Agricultural Wastes, Food Wastes, Climate Change, Public Utility, PACT Activated Sludge, CAPTOR Activated Sludge, Activated Bio-Filter, Vertical Loop Reactor, PhoStrip Processes, Water Hyacinth Aquaculture, Wetland Aquaculture, Evapotranspiration, Rapid Rate Land Treatment, Slow Rate Land Treatment, Subsurface Infiltration, Crude Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Containing Bioplastic, Process Optimization, Biodiesel Pig and Neem Seeds , Blend Oil, Catalysts, Waste Biomass, Castor Oil, Flavor and Fragrance Production, Lipase-Mediated Biotransformation
Research Interests: Biodiesel, Pharmaceutical Technology, Activated Sludge, (iv) Treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater by constructed wetland, Livestock Waste Management, and 9 morePublic Utility, Biotransformations, Solid Waste Management by Vermicomposting Technology, Food Waste Management, Castor Oil, Agricultural Waste Management, Bioplastic, Environment and green technoloy, and Blending of Edible Oils
Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, Hung, YT (editors), Aziz, HA (consulting editor) (2022). Solid Waste Engineering and Management, Volume 3, Springer Nature Switzerland, 627 pages. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96989-9 ..... ABSTRACT:... more
Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, Hung, YT (editors), Aziz, HA (consulting editor) (2022). Solid Waste Engineering and Management, Volume 3, Springer Nature Switzerland, 627 pages. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96989-9 ..... ABSTRACT: This book is the third volume in a three-volume set on Solid Waste Engineering and Management. It focuses on tourism industry waste, rubber tire recycling, electrical and electronic wastes, health-care waste, landfill leachate, bioreactor landfill, energy recovery, innovative composting, biodrying, and health and safety considerations pertaining to solid waste management.. The volumes comprehensively discuss various contemporary issues associated with solid waste pollution management, impacts on the environmental and vulnerable human populations, and solutions to these problems. .... KEYWORDS: Waste management in the tourism, Rubber recycling, Electrical waste disposal, Clinical waste management, Energy recovery, Dredging, Biodrying, Radioactive waste
Research Interests: E-waste, Rubbers (Materials), Energy Recovery Systems, Solid Waste Generation and Management, Tourism Industry, and 8 moreEnvironment Engineering & Solid Waste, Environmental Dredging, Dredgers and Dredging Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Radioactive waste, Biodrying, Clinical Waste Management, and Waste Tire Rubber
Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, Hung, YT (editors), Aziz, HA (consulting editor) (2021). Solid Waste Engineering and Management, Volume 1, Springer Nature Switzerland, 744 pages. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-84180-5... more
Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, Hung, YT (editors), Aziz, HA (consulting editor) (2021). Solid Waste Engineering and Management, Volume 1, Springer Nature Switzerland, 744 pages. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-84180-5 ABSTRACT: This book is the first volume in a three-volume set on Solid Waste Engineering and Management. It provides an introduction to the topic, and focuses on legislation, transportation, transfer station, characterization, mechanical volume reduction, measurement, combustion, incineration, composting, landfilling, and systems planning as it pertains to solid waste management. The three volumes comprehensively discuss various contemporary issues associated with solid waste pollution management, impacts on the environment and vulnerable human populations, and solutions to these problems. KEYWORDS: Solid Waste Management, Waste transportation, Mechanical volume reduction, Composting, Combustion, Landfilling.
Research Interests: Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Solid Waste Management, Waste Water Treatment, solidwaste Engineering and management, Environmental Impact, and 6 moreLandfill Site Selection, Landfill Leachate Management and Characterization, Landfilling, MSW Composting, Co-combuston, and Waste Transportation
This is a textbook adopting both the US customary system and the international metric System. Water and wastewater engineering is a crucial branch of civil engineering, dealing with water resources and with the challenges posed by water... more
This is a textbook adopting both the US customary system and the international metric System. Water and wastewater engineering is a crucial branch of civil engineering, dealing with water resources and with the challenges posed by water and wastewater. Generations of engineers have developed techniques for purifying, desalinating, and transforming water and wastewater, techniques which have only grown more critical as climate change and global population growth create new challenges and opportunities. There has never been a more urgent need for a comprehensive guide to the management of water and its various engineering subdisciplines. Water and Wastewater Engineering: Hydraulics, Hydrology and Management, 4th edition offers key fundamentals in a practical context to engineers and engineering students. Updated to address growing urbanization and industrialization, with corresponding stress on water and wastewater systems, this vital textbook has been fully revised to reflect the latest research and case studies. This volume focuses primarily with hydrology and hydraulics, along with chapters treating groundwater and surface water sources. Readers of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Management will also find: (a) Coverage of water supply, water sources, water distribution, and more; (b) Detailed treatment of both sanitary sewer and urban stormwater drainage; and (c) In-depth analysis of infrastructure issues with respect to water resources, pumping, and handling. This textbook is ideal for advanced students in civil, environmental, and chemical engineering departments, as well as for early career engineers, plant managers, and urban and regional planners. ...... DEDICATION: This book is dedicated to Dr. Nazih K. Shammas, Dr. Marvin L. Granstrom, Dr. Gordon M. Fair, Dr. John C. Geyer and Dr. Daniel A. Okun
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This book is the second volume in a three-volume set on Solid Waste Engineering and Management. It focuses on sustainability, single waste stream processing, material recovery, plastic waste, marine litter, sludge disposal, restaurant... more
This book is the second volume in a three-volume set on Solid Waste Engineering and Management. It focuses on sustainability, single waste stream processing, material recovery, plastic waste, marine litter, sludge disposal, restaurant waste recycling, sanitary landfills, landfill leachate collection, and landfill aftercare as it pertains to solid waste management. The volumes comprehensively discuss various contemporary issues associated with solid waste pollution management, impacts on the environment and vulnerable human populations, and solutions to these problems.
Research Interests:
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). “Scientific Sludge Drying Beds Design”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 3A,... more
Lawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2024). “Scientific Sludge Drying Beds Design”, In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors). Vol. 6, No. 3A, March 2024, 43 pp. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; https://doi.org/10.17613/1m6q-x445 ABSTRACT: This publication, "Scientific Sludge Drying Beds Design", presents (a) a scientific method developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Army for the drying beds design, and (b) seven drying bed design examples. Specifically this publication introduces the scientific design equations and sample calculations for determination of the required drying time, required drying beds surface area, number of drying beds sections, solids produced per year, and weight of sludge cakes removed from the drying beds. The examples show and discuss (a) the laboratory investigations for obtaining certain design parameters, (b) design criteria, (c) detailed engineering steps for obtaining the above engineering data, (d) sludge loading rate verification; (e) alternative scientific methods for drying bed design; and (f) acceptance or modification of design criteria established by the government agencies, or professional associations. A sister publication, "Drying Beds Design" was published in 2022, and already covered the important subjects of (a) sludge drying bed process descriptions (including: traditional sludge drying beds and paved drying beds); (b) common drying beds modifications (including open or closed drying beds, wedge wire drying beds, vacuum-assisted drying beds, and planted drying beds); (c) technology status; (d) applications; (e) limitations; (f) performance; (j) established design criteria for the unplanted open drying beds, the closed drying beds, the planted drying beds, and the ten state standards; (k) environmental impact and restriction; (l) cost estimation; and (m) seven design and application examples. The readers are referred to the previous "Drying Beds Design" and other related references for detailed technical information and terminologies. There will be a second sister publication, entitled, "Sludge Drying Beds Design Using International Metric Units", for the convenience of international readers.
Research Interests:
El-Shafie, Y.M. (2023). "Sustainable implementation of natural stone waste as cement replacement towards optimized concrete", In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, L.K., Wang, M.H.S., and... more
El-Shafie, Y.M. (2023). "Sustainable implementation of natural stone waste as cement replacement towards optimized concrete", In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, L.K., Wang, M.H.S., and Pankivskyi, Y.I. (Series Editors). 129 pages. May 2023. Lenox Institute Press, Auburndale, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/5vdn-4f05 ...... ABSTRACT: The main prospective is the natural characteristics of the stones. Thus, the optimal exploitation corresponds to their potentials and use possibilities. Ornamental stones include marble, granite and other refined stone types. The use of natural stones encompasses the extraction, transportation, manufacturing (sawing, polishing and cutting operations), shredding, installation and disposal process, which is a burden on the environment and causes health issues, in addition to economic issues. The process of recycling waste from the global industries is very profitable. However, waste is still not exploited in the best way on the industrial and investment level. Thus, the generated stone waste could be implemented in concrete composites in different additive percentage in order to rationalize the use of natural resources. The approach is to capacitate the concrete to absorb other industries waste and by-products. Therefore, the use of stone waste powder has a synergic effect positively on the environment, flora and fauna in addition to reducing the carbon footprint of cement, as a result of less energy consumption.
Research Interests:
Pankivskyi, Y.I. and Oshurkevych-Pankivska, O.Y. (2023). "Water Supply and Sewerage Systems", In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, L.K., Wang, M.H.S., and Pankivskyi, Y.I. (Series... more
Pankivskyi, Y.I. and Oshurkevych-Pankivska, O.Y. (2023). "Water Supply and Sewerage Systems", In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, L.K., Wang, M.H.S., and Pankivskyi, Y.I. (Series Editors). 261 pages. May 2023. Lenox Institute Press, Auburndale, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/x5qn-d460 ..... ABSTRACT: The rational use of water resources has gained global importance today. The issue of complex use of water resources, the industry and agriculture impact on their state, the need of application of the drainless circulating water supply systems on the basis of highly efficient water and wastewater treatment methods have become the main directions of the development of the water technologies and environment engineering. This handbook was developed for education of specialists capable to solve the tasks of protection and rational use of natural resources. Its purpose is to develop an approach to the selection and implementation of methods of engineering solutions to the problems of rational nature management in the field of water usage to meet the water needs of human society in various sectors of the economy. The main aspects of the physics and chemistry of water, the composition and properties of natural waters and wastewaters, the water quality requirements for various purposes, the systematization of water treatment methods, the technological processes implemented in water treatment systems, the water supply and sewerage communications, the wastewater treatment and their sludge treatment, the aspects of rational water usage in various economic sectors have been considered in current work.
Research Interests:
Lu, Toh-Ming (2023). Me and the helpless universe, In: “Global Humanities and Liberal Arts”, Wang, Lawrence K. (Editor) , Volume 2023, Number 3A, 2023(3A), March 2023; 40 pages, https://doi.org/10.17613/j2ay-4898 ; Lenox Institute Press,... more
Lu, Toh-Ming (2023). Me and the helpless universe, In: “Global Humanities and Liberal Arts”, Wang, Lawrence K. (Editor) , Volume 2023, Number 3A, 2023(3A), March 2023; 40 pages, https://doi.org/10.17613/j2ay-4898 ; Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; lut@rpi.edu. ...............ABSTRACT: This electronic book contains a collection of oil paintings that I did over the years on my connection with the world surrounding me and my understanding of the universe. My curiosity of the nature of the universe has been the main driving force for me to pursue physics in an attempt to understand what it is, how it was formed and where does it go. My perception of the universe evolved as I get older. In my grade school time, I thought the universe was flat. Later, I learned that the Earth was not the center of the universe. The Earth is one of the planets in the planetary system. Then you have Milky Way, Andromeda, etc. Later, I learned the Big Bang Theory and the concept of a finite universe. And more recently, the dark energy, dark matter, and the accelerated expansion of the universe. I also imagine the future of the universe based on my understanding of physics, including the concept of entropy...........KEYWORDS: Big Bang, expansion, dark matter, dark energy...........ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: I thank Astrophysicist, Professor Chun Ming Leung and Cosmologist, Professor Ethan Brown for valuable discussions and suggestions..........NOTE: Dr. Toh-Ming Lu earned a BS from National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC, and a PhD from University of Wisconsin, USA. He was the Ray Palmer Baker Distinguished Professor of physics, and the Chairman of the Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, RPI from 1992 to 1997.
Research Interests:
Lu, Toh-Ming (2023). Flashes of life in Sibu, In: “Global Humanities and Liberal Arts”, Wang, Lawrence K. (Editor), Volume 2023, Number 2A, 2023(2A), February 2023; 99 pages, Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. Lenox.Institute@gmail.com;... more
Lu, Toh-Ming (2023). Flashes of life in Sibu, In: “Global Humanities and Liberal Arts”, Wang, Lawrence K. (Editor), Volume 2023, Number 2A, 2023(2A), February 2023; 99 pages, Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; lut@rpi.edu. https://doi.org/10.17613/k9f1-y534 .............. ABSTRACT: This electronic book contains a collection of oil paintings that I did over the years. These are paintings based on my childhood memories. I was born in 1944 and grew up in a rural area in Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia. The pace of life was very slow. My parents had seven children. I was the oldest. Although life was tough, but we had lots of fun memories. We did not have an art class in our school. So I did not have a chance to learn drawing or painting. I only learn painting by myself when I became a faculty in the US. Over the years, I did many paintings based on what I remember. Except for the first painting (showering at the jetty) which I imagine, all the paintings are from my memories. They are more or less chronicle. ..........NOTE: The author, Dr. Toh-Ming Lu, was born in Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia in 1944. He attended Catholic High School in Sibu. In 1964, he went to Taiwan to pursue physics in National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC. After earning his bachelor degree in physics, he then went to graduate school in the US in 1969. He earned a Master Degree in physics in 1971 from Worcester Polytechnic Institute and a PhD degree in physics in 1976 from University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
Research Interests:
Chungchin Chen (2022). On the Bank of Hudson River: My American Journey (Second Edition). In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors),... more
Chungchin Chen (2022). On the Bank of Hudson River: My American Journey (Second Edition). In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors), 4(12B), STEAM-VOL4-NUM12B-DEC2022. 164 pages. December 2022, Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/f849-tr17 .... ABSTRACT: Born 1935 in Taiwan, ROC, and spent most of his adult years in America, the author depicted in chronical order those memorable occurrences during a 70-year span of his life. Chapters 1 to 5, accounting for about one-third of the volume, were devoted to his family origin, closed family members, growing adolescent years, and educational experience in Taiwan up to the end of 1962. The relatively lengthy Chapter 6 described the pivotal transitional years in life when he came to the U.S. in 1963 to pursue his graduate study of city and regional planning at the University of California at Berkeley. The remaining rest of the book covered his 38 years of professional career as a city and regional planner in the U.S. The jurisdictional area of the four-county Capital District Regional Planning Commission of New York State strides over the upper Hudson River and where the author practiced most of his 38-year planning profession until the summer of 2003. Therefore, this book was entitled “On the Banks of Hudson River—My American Journey”. Throughout this biographical book, the author also identified the times and places of those certain individuals whom he met and some significant historical events which he happened to witness.
Research Interests:
Wang, MHS, and Wang, LK (2022). Cooling tower and boiler water treatment terminologies. In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, and Pankivskyi, YI (editors). Volume 2022, Number... more
Wang, MHS, and Wang, LK (2022). Cooling tower and boiler water treatment terminologies. In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, and Pankivskyi, YI (editors). Volume 2022, Number 2, February 2022; 76 pages. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. ..............ABSTRACT: There has been a special partnership of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for transferring the US new and well-established technologies to the developing countries and disseminating the useful technical information to the entire world. This publication is one of many technology transfer documents prepared by the Lenox Institute of Water Technology (LIWT). It introduces the UNIDO, USEPA, LIWT, and the cooling tower and boiler water treatment terminologies. The terminology subjects cover the following areas: the types of cooling tower and boiler, water treatment systems, evaporation, make-up water, blowdown, drift, leakage, cycle of concentrations, ton of refrigeration, water quality parameters, water quality standards, operational problems, scale, biofilm, fouling, corrosion, inhibitors, chemical treatment, non-chemical physical water treatment, physicochemical treatment, green innovations, operation and management (O&M), O&M optimization, water recycle, and water reuse considerations.
Research Interests:
Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, and Kolodziej, PJ (2022). Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors and Coliform Bacteria by Lenox Flotation-Filtration Plant. In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, LK, Wang,... more
Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, and Kolodziej, PJ (2022). Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors and Coliform Bacteria by Lenox Flotation-Filtration Plant. In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, and Pankivskyi, YI (editors). Volume 2022, Number 5, May 2022; pp.23. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. .........ABSTRACT: Lenox Water Treatment Plant in Lenox, MA, USA, consists of mainly dissolved air flotation, sand filtration and chlorination processes, and is the first potable water flotation plant built in America. Before installation of the plant, the total trihalomethane (THM) in Lenox tap water ranged from 19.7 to 88.5 ppb. After placement of the plant on-line, the total THM of Lenox tap water was reduced by more than 50%. Even before using any disinfectant, the innovative Lenox flotation-filtration system was extremely efficient for separation of 80-100% coliform bacteria from raw water. The plant's post-chlorination was used as a final safe-guard for providing residual chlorine in the distribution system. The chlorine requirement was significantly reduced by 10-40 percent during normal operations. ............ KEYWORDS: Memoir, Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Krofta Engineering Corporation, Historical data, First potable water flotation filtration plant in America, Lenox Water Treatment Plant, Trihalomethane precursor removal, Coliform bacteria removal.
Research Interests:
Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, Thayer, AE, and Pankivskyi, YI (2022). Alternative Sterilization Methods. In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, and Pankivskyi, YI (editors). Volume... more
Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, Thayer, AE, and Pankivskyi, YI (2022). Alternative Sterilization Methods. In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, and Pankivskyi, YI (editors). Volume 2022, Number 7, July 2022; pp.25. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. 2022(7), July 2022. doi.org/10.17613/h6wg-dq23 ...........ABSTRACT: Tests run on various water samples containing bacteria indicate that an alternative Microwave-Pressure Cooking method for sterilization of apparatus and materials may be used in mobile laboratories. In comparison with the "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" (AWWA/APHA/WEF), the proposed sterilization method and the standard sterilization method produced equivalent results. Phosphate buffer and nutrient media plates were run as controls and throughout the experimentation produced no bacterial growth. Microwaving may be used alone to sterilize glassware and some thermal proof plastics. The recommended operational conditions are: highest power setting for 25 minutes. Pressure cooker alone is feasible for sterilization of phosphate buffer, dilution water, and for preparation of bacteria-free water which in turn, can be used for preparing nutrient media. The recommended operational conditions are: highest pressure cooker's pressure setting for at least 15 minutes at 100 degree C. The combination of a microwave oven and a pressure cooker can be an ideal substitute for an expensive autoclave which is being used for sterilization in large medical and water quality control laboratories. ............KEYWORDS: Sterilization, Mobile Laboratory, Standard Sterilization Method, Alternative Sterilization Method, Pressure Cooker, Microwave, Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform, E. coli
Research Interests:
Tsao, Hung-ping (2022). Evolutionary Mathematics and Science for Some Observations of the Terminal Value Distribution in the Process of Successively Summing up all Prime Factors of a Given Natural Number. In: "Evolutionary Progress in... more
Tsao, Hung-ping (2022). Evolutionary Mathematics and Science for Some Observations of the Terminal Value Distribution in the Process of Successively Summing up all Prime Factors of a Given Natural Number. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 4, Number 8F, August 2022; 75 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Auburndale, MA, USA. No. STEAM-VOL4-NUM8F-AUG2022; https://doi.org/10.17613/e8dh-n335.............ABSTRACT: It is known that each natural number greater than 1 can be expressed as a unique product of prime numbers, namely the prime factorization. For example, 9 = 3 × 3 and 3 + 3 = 6, we can continue the same process to finally come up with 6 = 2 × 3 and 2 + 3 = 5, which is a prime number. Accordingly, we obtain 5 to be the terminal value of 9, denoted as (9) = 5. In relating to the above process of successively summing all prime factors of a given natural number, I made the following observations. Observation 1: Beyond 764, the frequency of 5 being the terminal number will become lesser and lesser than that of 7, 11 or 13 being the terminal number. On the other hand, beyond 1910, the probability of 5, 7, 11 or 13 being the terminal number will become lesser and lesser than 0.6. Observation 2: Within 1290, the probability of 5, 7, 11 or 13 being the terminal number is exactly equal to 0.6. Likewise for 1305, 1310, 1320, 1325, 1340, 1800, 1885, 1895, 1900, 1905 and 1910, but not beyond. Observation 3: Within 1325, the frequency of double terminal values (2 in a roll) from {5} is exactly the same as that from {7, 11, 13}. Likewise for 1476 and 1477, but not beyond. Observation 4: Within 1653 up to 1673, the frequency of triple terminal values (2 in a roll) from {5} is exactly the same as that from {7, 11, 13}, but not beyond.
Research Interests:
Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2022). Oil and grease determination, solvent hazards and waste disposal when using trichlorotrifluoroethane for extraction; In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics... more
Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2022). Oil and grease determination, solvent hazards and waste disposal when using trichlorotrifluoroethane for extraction; In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Wang, LK and Tsao, HP (eds.), 4 (6B), STEAM-VOL4-NUM6B-JUNE2022. 54 pages. June 2022, Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/tk2k-vj19 ........ABSTRACT: A spectrophotometric and colorimetric procedure has been developed for determination of hydrocarbons, vegetable oils, animal fats, waxes, soaps, greases and related oily organic matter in aqueous phase. The analytical procedure is applicable to measurement of most light petroleum fuels, although loss of some of light fuel present during the extraction manipulations can be expected. The water sample is acidified to a low pH (less than or equal to 2) and extracted with 1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon 113, or CFC 113). Under controlled conditions, the oil and grease are extractable into a selected organic solvent, where the intensity of yellow color is proportional to the oil and grease concentration. The color in the selected organic solvent (Freon) is measured by spectrophotometry at recommended wavelengths. The new analytical method uses a visible spectrophotometer or a filter photometer, which is available in almost any water quality laboratories. The oil and grease concentration as low as 0.1 mg/L can be quantitatively measured, provided that a quartz cell with light path length of 5 cm or longer is used. Colorimetry (instead of spectrophotometry) can also be used if a colorimeter is properly calibrated or color charts are properly developed. Selection of an appropriate organic solvent for oil and grease analysis is discussed in terms of chemist contact risk and hazardous solvent disposal. Current Standard Methods 5520B, 5520D, 5520E, and 5520G for oil and grease analysis adopt n-hexane for solvent extraction. The authors compare the selected solvent (1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane) with n-hexane and conclude that 1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane is much safer than n-hexane considering the safety of both the workers and the laboratory facility although 1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane is an ozone-depleting substance (ODS). Solvent recycle and/or proper laboratory waste management will eliminate the opportunity of ODS release to the environment.
Research Interests:
Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2022). Oil and grease determination, solvent hazards and waste disposal when using trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) for extraction; In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and... more
Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2022). Oil and grease determination, solvent hazards and waste disposal when using trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) for extraction; In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Wang, LK and Tsao, HP (eds.), 4 (6C), STEAM-VOL4-NUM6C-JUNE202. 54 pages. June 2022, Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/w34y-0r55 .........: ABSTRACT: A spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for determination of hydrocarbons, vegetable oils, animal fats, waxes, soaps, greases and related oily organic matter in aqueous phase. The water sample is acidified to a low pH (less than or equal to 2) and extracted with trichloroethane (methyl chloroform). Under controlled conditions, the oil and grease are extractable into the selected organic solvent, where the intensity of yellow color is proportional to the oil and grease concentration. The color in the selected organic solvent (methyl chloroform) is measured by spectrophotometry at recommended wavelengths. The new analytical method uses a visible spectrophotometer or a filter photometer, which is available in almost any water quality laboratories. The oil and grease concentration as low as 0.1 mg/L can be quantitatively measured, provided that a quartz cell with light path length of 5 cm or longer is used. Colorimetry (instead of spectrophotometry) can also be used if a colorimeter is properly calibrated or color charts are properly developed. Selection of an appropriate organic solvent for oil and grease analysis is discussed in terms of chemist contact risk and hazardous solvent disposal. Current Standard Methods 5520B, 5520D, 5520E, and 5520G for oil and grease analysis adopt n-hexane for solvent extraction. The authors compare the selected solvent with n-hexane and conclude that trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) is better than n-hexane considering the safety of both the laboratory workers and the laboratory although trichloroethane is an ozone-depleting substance (ODS). Solvent recycle and/or proper laboratory waste management will eliminate the opportunity of ODS release to the environment.
Research Interests:
Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2022). Oil and grease determination, solvent hazards and waste disposal when using trichloromethane (chloroform) for extraction; In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics... more
Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2022). Oil and grease determination, solvent hazards and waste disposal when using trichloromethane (chloroform) for extraction; In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Wang, LK and Tsao, HP (eds.), 4 (6D), STEAM-VOL4-NUM6D-JUNE2022. 57 pages. June 2022, Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/4zjy-m352 .........ABSTRACT: This publication introduces a new oil and grease (O&G) determination method which involves the use of a visible spectrophotometer or a filter photometer, and chloroform for O&G extraction. The laboratory equipment and chloroform are available in all water quality laboratories. The oil and grease concentration in aqueous phase as low as 0.1 mg/L can be quantitatively measured, provided that a quartz cell with light path length of 5 cm or longer is used. Selection of an appropriate organic solvent for oil and grease analysis is discussed in terms of chemist contact risk and hazardous solvent disposal. Current Standard Methods 5520B, 5520D, 5520E, and 5520G for oil and grease analysis adopt n-hexane for solvent extraction. The authors compare the selected solvent (chloroform) with n-hexane and conclude that chloroform is better than n-hexane considering the fire and accident prevention because n-hexane is very flammable, but chloroform is not flammable. In terms of the worker's health hazard, both chloroform and n-hexane are at the same level, but chloroform is a "select carcinogen" which needs extra personal protective equipment (PPE) and laboratory protective equipment (LPE). This new analytical method using popular chloroform for O&G extraction will provide extra flexibility. It is recommended that chloroform in analytical chemistry be eventually replaced by other solvent of non-"select carcinogen" type.
Research Interests:
Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2022). Dissolved oxygen model, vapor pressure, evaporation lagoon, and flotation post aeration; In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Wang, LK and Tsao,... more
Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2022). Dissolved oxygen model, vapor pressure, evaporation lagoon, and flotation post aeration; In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Wang, LK and Tsao, HP (eds.), 4 (7H), STEAM-VOL4-NUM7H-JULY2022. 55 pages. July 2022, Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/63ms-gg85 ............ABSTRACT: This publication introduces: (a) mathematical models of evaporation, vapor pressure, and dissolved oxygen in fresh and saline waters under any temperatures or pressures; (b) evaporation lagoon application and analysis; (c) stream water quality control, reaeration and dissolved oxygen analysis; and (d) five post aeration technologies: diffused post aeration, mechanical post aeration, cascade post aeration, u-tube post aeration, and flotation post aeration. The authors highly recommend the adoption of high-rate dissolved air flotation (with only 3 to 5 minute detention time) for final clarification in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) because the residual DO in DAF/WWTP effluent is higher than 5 mg/L at all time, thus the flotation post aeration is already included without extra effort. This publication and a poem, The Wind Blows Red Leaves to the Cloud (風吹紅葉至雲端), are dedicated in memory of an authors' lifetime dear friend.
Research Interests:
Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2022). Hazardous wastewater treatment in petroleum refining industry using best available flotation and filtration technologies. In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics... more
Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2022). Hazardous wastewater treatment in petroleum refining industry using best available flotation and filtration technologies. In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Wang, LK and Tsao, HP (eds.), 4 (7G), STEAM-VOL4-NUM7G-JULY2022. pp.75-136 pages. July 2022., Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA.
https://doi.org/10.17613/4c75-xf40 ----------ABSTRACT: This publication introduces the interrelationships among the different processes and a specific effluent flow model for predicting current industrial flow on a refinery by refinery basis. The wastewaters generated by the industry are diverse and complex, representing a full range of hazardous organic and inorganic substances, such as volatile organics, semivolatile organics, pesticides, cyanides, arsenic, and many heavy metals. Wastewater characteristics of refinery effluents from the oil-water separator are researched and compiled. Special emphasis is placed on the introduction of in-plant control technologies for reduction of wastewater volume and pollutant loading, preliminary treatment of sour water, primary treatment for oil-water separation and the best available end-of-pipe treatment processes, such as high rate dissolved air flotation (DAF) and flotation-filtration (DAFF), and many others. This publication also covers: (a) The effectiveness of treatment technologies for hazardous substances; (b) The concept and practice of zero discharge in the industry; (c) The method for determination of toxic substances effluent limitation; (d) The case histories involving the use of DAF and DAFF for waste treatment in the petroleum refining industry; (e) Recommendation of the Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Achievable (BPT) for developing countries; and (f) Recommendation of the Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BAT) to all industrial countries.
https://doi.org/10.17613/4c75-xf40 ----------ABSTRACT: This publication introduces the interrelationships among the different processes and a specific effluent flow model for predicting current industrial flow on a refinery by refinery basis. The wastewaters generated by the industry are diverse and complex, representing a full range of hazardous organic and inorganic substances, such as volatile organics, semivolatile organics, pesticides, cyanides, arsenic, and many heavy metals. Wastewater characteristics of refinery effluents from the oil-water separator are researched and compiled. Special emphasis is placed on the introduction of in-plant control technologies for reduction of wastewater volume and pollutant loading, preliminary treatment of sour water, primary treatment for oil-water separation and the best available end-of-pipe treatment processes, such as high rate dissolved air flotation (DAF) and flotation-filtration (DAFF), and many others. This publication also covers: (a) The effectiveness of treatment technologies for hazardous substances; (b) The concept and practice of zero discharge in the industry; (c) The method for determination of toxic substances effluent limitation; (d) The case histories involving the use of DAF and DAFF for waste treatment in the petroleum refining industry; (e) Recommendation of the Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Achievable (BPT) for developing countries; and (f) Recommendation of the Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BAT) to all industrial countries.