Granulation

The effect of binder properties on torque curves, granule growth kinetics, wet mass consistency and dry granule strength has been investigated in this study. Granulation runs have been performed on a fine cohesive microcrystalline cellulose powder (Avicel 105, d50=20μm) in two types of laboratory high shear mixers: a Mi-Pro high shear mixer using a 1.9L bowl and a 6L Diosna

Along with other technical short studies about ancient jewelry provided by this book, this paper aims to explain how the ancients were able to produce small granules of nearly identical diameter and then to fix such tiny granules on a metallic support, without damaging it or flooding the granules in too thick a flow. To solve what has been called a mystery, several techniques are discussed, including the most likely one: chrysokolla.

Daun katuk kaya akan saponin dan tannin (Agrawal dkk., 2014), diduga sebagai suatu senyawa yang berperan menurunkan bobot badan dan lemak tubuh. Diketahui tannin secara umum mengganggu berbagai aspek dalam proses pencernaan, sementara saponin meningkatkan permeabilitas sel mukosa usus halus, yang menyebabkan penghambatan transpor aktif zat gizi dan juga kesempatan pengambilan zat gizi oleh saluran pencernaan menjadi terhambat.  Daun katuk banyak mengandung flavonoid telah dilaporkan memiliki efek antioksidan (Arista, 2013), meningkatkan sistem imun atau imunostimulan. Aktivitas antioksidan dan imunostimulan daun katuk sangat berkaitan sebagai antiobesitas karena keadaan obesitas sering disertai dengan oksidasi stress dan rentan mengalami berbagai penyakit degeneratif (FernándezSánchez dkk., 2011). Hasil penelitian oleh (Patonah dkk, 2017)  bahwa ekstrak daun katuk mempunyai aktivitas antiobesitas,  dan ekstrak terbaik dalam menurunkan bobot badan adalah ekstrak daun katuk 400 mg/kg yang diujikan pada hewan mencit.

In order to accelerate deployment of distributed recycling by providing low-cost feed stocks of granulated post-consumer waste plastic, this study analyzes an open source waste plastic granulator system. It is designed, built, and tested for its ability to convert post-consumer waste, 3D printed products and waste into polymer feedstock for recyclebots of fused particle/granule printers. The technical specifications of the device are quantified in terms of power consumption (380 to 404 W for PET and PLA, respectively) and particle size distribution. The open source device can be fabricated for less than $2000 USD in materials. The experimentally measured power use is only a minor contribution to the overall embodied energy of distributed recycling of waste plastic. The resultant plastic particle size distributions were found to be appropriate for use in both recyclebots and direct material extrusion 3D printers. Simple retrofits are shown to reduce sound levels during operation by 4dB-5dB for the vacuum. These results indicate that the open source waste plastic granulator is an appropriate technology for community, library, maker space, fab lab, or small business-based distributed recycling.

This study, although not aiming at being exhaustive, attempts, starting
from the silver brooch of box/capsule type discovered in 2010 in G 3 at Hunedoara
Timișană, to analyse the specimens of the type discovered in the Sarmatian environment
of the Great
Hungarian
Plain.
The
examination of the brooch
from
Hunedoara
Timișană,
beside
other discovered
in
the
burial features
of the Great
Hungarian
Plain,
is carried out within a broader
context

and
concludes
that graves
where
such
brooch
types were
discovered
date
mainly
to
the
period
between
early
3rd
century
and early/first
decades
of the 4th century.
The
brooch

in
G 3
at Hunedoara
Timișană,
correlated
with the rest
of the grave
goods,
but also with
those
in the nearby graves,
dates
the grave,
according
to
the author,
most likely
some
time
to
the second
third/mid
– third
quarter
of the 3rd
century
AD.
In
the Sarmatian environment,
brooches
of the type were
worn
especially
by women

of
high
rank
in the Sarmatian community
of the region.
Nevertheless,
it may
not be
excluded
that
they
were
also
worn
by
men,
even
though
such
pieces
could
not
be

found
in male Sarmatian graves.

Subsequent
to
the
examination
of
these box/capsule
type brooches
in
the
Sarma-
tian environment it was noted that part reunite both Roman provincial and Barbar-
ian elements, which, explains, according to the author, their heterogeneity.
The author notes that pieces identical to the specimens in the Sarmatian environment
are
unknown in the Roman
provincial
environment,
which
does not exclude,

however,
in
some
cases,
their making
by
Roman
artisans
or based
on Roman
brooch

prototypes.
Their presence
in the Germanic
environment
is also discussed, where

several
classes
of adornment and dress
artefacts
were
produced,
while
Roman

influences
are
both visible and significant.
The
large
number
of
such
brooches
in
the
Sarmatian
environment
from
the territories
in Pannonia Inferior,
Moesia
Superior
and Dacia seems to
indicate,
according

to
the author,
relations
with the Mid Danube region,
being
made in this area
by
Roman
or Barbarian
origin
artisans
in close
connection
with the Germanic
environment,
where
numerous
adornment and dress
artefact
classes
were
produced,

including
various
brooch
types,
and the artisans
were
highly
crafted.

It
is
argued
for
some
of
the
box/capsule
type
brooches
in
the
Sarmatian
environment,

based
on their making
procedure,
fastening
mechanism,
decoration
and how they
were made that they are very likely made by Roman artisans, while in some cases,
possibly, by travelling artisans, active for short time spans in the economic interaction area nearby the limes, where the
trade between the Romans and the Sarmatians was extensive. Based on their uniqueness, it is assumed they were made
upon commission from wealthy individuals in the Sarmatian community, evidencing the high standing of their bearers.
The author notes that some of the specimens in the Sarmatian environment are similar to those worn by the Roman
soldiers and the Barbarian warriors depicted on the Ludovisi sarcophagus by mid 3rd century AD.
It was further noted that some decoration elements are rather specific to the period itself than to a particular ethnic
group, as evidenced by the presence on some of these brooches in the Sarmatian environment of certain decoration
elements similar or close to those on a series of disc brooches in the Roman and Germanic environments.
In the case of brooches with the chord inserted through an orifice cut out in the rectangular support to which the
spring was also attached, it was noted that such fastening mechanism is rather a method used by Barbarian artisans
and suggests
their making
by artisans
outside the Roman
Empire,
even
though
Roman
origin
elements may

be
identified in some brooches.
Noticeably,
the box/capsule
type brooches
in the Sarmatian environment
have
all a spring
fastening
mechanism,

while
some specimens have
rather
high
catchplate
and spring
support,
whereas
the brooches
in the Roman
environment
lack
such
feature,
which
is
though
specific
to
the
catchplates
of
various
types
of
disc
brooches
in
the

Germanic
environment.
The
author
does
not
exclude
that
the
high
catchplate
and
spring
support
are
indicative
of
their
use on somewhat
thicker
apparel.

Five common high protein dairy powders and their agglomerates produced by fluidised bed granulation were evaluated and compared for their rehydration characteristics in this study. Wettability of powders was measured by immersion wetting time, capillary rise wetting and contact angles methods, while dispersion and solubilisation processes were quantified by the change of particle size and the sediment height after centrifugation. The results showed that these high protein dairy powders generally had poor wettability, especially for whey protein isolate and the caseinates, which formed an impermeable layer separating the water surface and powders just after they contacted the water. However, the casein-micellar dominant powders exhibited prolonged dispersion due to strong interactions inside the micellar structures. The agglomerates with large particle size and high porosity are expected to exhibit increased wettability. However, agglomeration only caused the external structural modification and thus is difficult to accelerate the dispersion process of micellar casein, which can be explained by the milk protein isolate rehydration mechanism. The micellar structure inhibits the release of materials into surrounding liquid phase, which is mainly responsible for the extended rehydration time.

An efficient and novel solution technique is presented for solving multi-dimensional population balance models. In addition to overcoming stiffness in the original system, the algorithm also reduces the computational load by proposing a priori semi-analytical solutions for a major ...

Separate elements of the necklace were preserved in pieces, destroyed because of corrosion processes. They consist of ornaments made with the use of filigree and granulation
techniques, which are stylistically and technologically typical of the early medieval goldsmithery of Western Slavs and Scandinavia. The construction of the object was strengthened with coatings of epoxide and cyanoacrylate resins as well as with primers of silicone
rubbers. The surfaces were cleaned by means of mechanical treatments and the decoration details were exposed to view. The items were impregnated with 1% benzotriazole
(BTA)/ethanol. Eventually, the protective coat of 10% Toluene/Paraloid B-44 was applied.
The unique set of ornaments of the necklace induced the researchers to undertake
the reconstruction of unearthed finding. Each ornament was recreated on the basis of
the original measurements, metallurgical analyses and knowledge about early medieval
goldsmithery. Northern and Western Slavonic goldsmithery is characteristic of individual artistic forms. Manufacturing of these decorations was based on technology of early
medieval goldsmithery of Central Europe.
The obtained raw material could have been cleaned in the process of cupellation.
Refined, almost pure silver was beaten into metal sheeting up to 0.03–0.05 cm thick.
Wires were drawn into 0.03–0.05 cm diameter and then twisted and cut. Shapes of the
ornaments were made on models and hobs, and faces were covered with patterns of
filigree and granulation. While joining details, chemical solders on the basis of copper
compounds were used.

In this work, a complete dynamic model of a continuous industrial fluidized bed granulator for urea production is presented. Three growth and three cooling chambers in series are simulated. Mass, energy and momentum balances are solved for all the fluidized beds together with the population balance equation (PBE). Since each granulator chamber can be modelled as a continuous stirred tank (CST), the multichamber granulator is represented by a series of CSTs.Applying the developed model, the open-loop behaviour of the product granulometry is particularly investigated. With this aim, and to further develop efficient control strategies, different step disturbances are assayed. Based on the results of the performed sensitivity study, it can be concluded that the log-normal distribution function gives an appropriate description of the PSD in each chamber, the granulometry response times control the dynamics of the complete granulation circuit, the seeds' PSD is the variable that most affect the outlet particle size distribution, and that mild recycle ratio values are adequate to stabilize the granulator operation.A complete dynamic model of a continuous industrial fluidized bed granulator for urea production is presented. Mass, energy and momentum balances are solved for all the fluidized beds together with the population balance equation. Applying the developed model, the open-loop behaviour of the product granulometry is particularly investigated.

Abstract— Vermicompost is a bio-fertiliser that is obtained from the bio-conversion of organic waste using earthworms. However, this vermicompost exist in paste form thereby the need for granulation to make it easier to store and transport. Vermicompost was granulated using vermiwash as the binding agent. Vermiwash was chosen as an alternative over water due to the presence of fertiliser macro and micro nutrients in the vermiwash. The vermicompost nutritional composition was tested before and after granulation. The granulated vermicompost indicated a 48.9%, 55.4%, 75% increase in nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) content upon granulating using vermiwash. The vermicompost ash content increased by 71.2% upon granulation whilst the moisture content decreased by 84%. Granulation of vermicompost using vermiwash enhances the vermicompost NPK composition at the same time making large scale production easier.

Keywords— Granulation, NPK Composition, Vermicompost, Vermiwash

Latar belakang: ODT merupakan sediaan yang didesain segera hancur pada saat kontak dengan air liur.  Salbutamol sulfat merupakan bronkodilator dalam pengobatan asma, yang bekerja selektif terhadap reseptor β 2 adrenergik . Formulasi ODT dapat meningkatkan bioafailibilitas obat Tujuan: mengoptimasi dan mengevaluasi pengaruh F-Melt , xylitol dan effervescent terhadap waktu pembasahan, kekerasan, kerapuhan, waktu hancur dan obat yang terdisolusi pada menit ke 5 Metode: Metode simplex lattice design diaplikasikan untuk mengoptimasi orally disintegrating tablet salbutamol sulfat. Menggunakan variabel F-Melt , xylitol dan effervescent . Daerah optimum ditentukan superimposed countour plot dari kekerasan, waktu pembasahan, kerapuhan dan obat yang terdisolusi pada menit ke 5 Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan interaksi F-Melt dan xylitol menurunkan waktu pembasahan, mempercepat waktu hancur dan meningkatkan kualitas tekstur dan rasa. Interaksi xylitol dan effervescent mempercepat waktu pembasahan, me...

Wet granulation is the formation of powder particle assemblies bound by a liquid binder. Granules are produced in order to prevent mixture segregation, improve flow characteristics and ease of powder handling. During this process powder is agitated inside a high shear mixer or fluidised bed and a liquid binder is added onto the powder mixture. The binder droplets then penetrate