Mass Communications

This paper has endeavored to find out the role of media to create awareness regarding female hygiene practices during menstruation cycle from the perspectives of females residing in both rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. Based on a review of the previous relevant literature, a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was developed and used to conduct the survey among 200 respondents from four rural and urban areas of Bangladesh to collect primary data for realizing the objectives of this research. The research is descriptive in the manner that attempted to realize its key objective by conducting a comparative analysis of the data collected from the rural and urban respondents. By undertaking descriptive (mean) and enter-method regression analysis using SPSS 24.0, the findings from rural and urban respondents have been analyzed separately to identify the key modes of media playing crucial roles for creating awareness on female hygiene practices. However, after analyzing the secondary an...

The Media has been playing an active role in the democratic realm since the inception of the country as a nation state. The newspaper that are established during the early years of colonialism are used as potent tools of propagating the ideas of democracy in Nigeria. This study critically assessed the performance of Nigerian mass media in consolidating democracy. This is of the view that the mass media contributed to the return of democracy in Nigeria.Despite Nigerian mass media great performance in promoting democracy, they are faced with challenges which borders on issues of ethnicity, lack of adequate modern communication gadgets, pressure from pressure groups and the government, corruption, security issues among others. The government should truly support the noble profession by creating the right atmosphere for media men to operate without friction.

This essay posits American journalism as a particular realm of public knowledge production, inflected with its own professional practices as well as the way in which those practices subjugate technologies of representation. Taking the Arab Spring of 2011 as a case study in journalistic knowledge production, this article analyzes three epistemological conditions underscoring the Arab Spring’s development as an object of knowledge: the use of social media tools within the practice of journalism, the representational authority of the individual reporter, and the articulation of journalistic knowledge to broader institutions of liberal democratic power. While these are by no means the only possible themes of investigation, by looking at how journalistic practices rendered the Arab Spring sensible and worthy of public consideration, this essay hopes to reveal them as temporally and technologically contingent, but also linked to the values of liberal democracy that undergird journalism’s role in American public life.

Political control is one of the central and
conditioning aspects of the relationship
between journalists and politicians.
Through the perceptions of journalists
and politicians, this article analyzes the
validity, characteristics, and functioning
of one of the principal mechanisms of political
control: the journalistic oversight of
politics, which is linked to the watchdog
theory and political pressures on the media.
In addition, the degree of mediatization
of politics is measured with regard
to media autonomy. The methodology is
based on in-depth interviews of 45 participants
in Spain. The results indicate
the pre-eminence of political pressures
that are principally exercised via indirect
means (i.e., communications offices
and media enterprises). The latter are a
vehicle for channeling political control,
which reveals the weight of the factors
associated with political economy in the
relationship between journalists and
politicians. Finally, the low incidence of
journalistic oversight of politics reveals a
reduced level of mediatization in Spain.

The emergence of integrated marketing communication (IMC) has become a reason why marketing is an important discipline in the recent millennium. Its influences has shaped today’s world of marketing and creating stiff competition in the current economy. Taking ONE Fighting Championship as the main concentration, this paper intended to study the brand’s marketing strategy, its IMC campaign execution and monitoring approach through a series of interviews. And using the existing information in the body of knowledge, the researcher is planning to see how IMC plays a role in the brand’s marketing plan and also to provide suggestions that may fit the brand’s Muslim audience.

Development Communication covers the ground of social development activities of the Media. In common they revolve around persuasion, education and information. The role of communication in development is based upon social responsibility theory. Development Communication is to use communication processes and media to bring social and economic improvements. Chris Paterson, a critic calls Development Communication as, “winning hearts and minds over to a capitalistic way of life.”

Abstract
This study examines the use of the media as tools for political propaganda in Adamu Usman’s Sieged. It contends that the untoward use of the medium by politicians and the practitioners’ inability to check this is the concern of Usman in Sieged. The study argues that Adamu Usman’s novel portrays government owned media as one that accepts government’s version of events with minimum questioning. It reflects on how the ruling party engages the media in contemporary Nigeria to sway the mind of the people in order to discredit competent candidates as Boyama of UAC did to demean Jamimi of PLM in Sieged. The study is anchored on Robert Young’s conceptualisation of Literary Criticism and Achille Mbembe’s rationale of the postcolony. Usman indicts both the politicians and the media stressing that government media has lost its watchdog role and complicit in post-independence disillusionment. The paper argues that Usman deploys propaganda devices in his revelation to show how politicians in government deceive the people based on their access and control of state Radio and Television. It traces Nigeria’s underdevelopment to this wholesale propaganda just as it is being pelted during media debates. The study, therefore, found that politics is lifeless without the media as the world is largely mediated through the words and images of the media. Adamu Usman therefore in Sieged presents media engagement in postcolonial Nigeria by politicians as nothing but means to foot their propaganda.
Keywords: Propaganda, Media, Disillusionment, Siege, Politicians.

This Impact Report identifies and summarises the diverse impacts, resulting from the £500m of UK funding of Science and Technology in 2013, using numerous quantitative metrics and short case study extracts.  It shows how the varied impacts of a national science and technology organization and its many funded programmes can be annually identified, captured, tracked, and summarised in a public document.

The report was produced for, and by, the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) -  the UK Research Council responsible for funding: (1) all UK astronomy, particle and nuclear physics research, (2) related UK science and technology facilities (e.g. as Harwell and Daresbury), (3) the UK contribution to international science (e.g. CERN, international telescopes and space missions), (4) innovation and business spin-off programmes, and (5) UK public engagement activities.

The Report was co-researched and co-authored by the STFC Impact Team, including myself while Impact Evaluation Manager in 2013, with Dr. Claire Dougan-McCallie (lead author/Head of Impact) and Jenny Beard, with additional input from senior managers, and many data and case study contributions from other key managers across STFC.

Varied key impacts are identified and reported including:

• Research amongst the best (by citation impact) in astronomy, nuclear and particle physics.
• Supported research of 226 Principal Investigators in 70 universities, led to 1,100 peer-reviewed papers in 2012.
• Facilities (the Diamond Light Source, ISIS and CLF) were used in 2012/13 by over 4,200 unique users , in over 2,400 experiments, producing over 1,000 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

• Technology from CERN benefited the UK economy by over £100 billion every year.
• Funding the development of the UK’s space, internet and computer animation industries, returned over £500 billion to the UK economy per annum.
• Funded Innovation Campuses hosted over 230 enterprises and supported over 5,000 jobs.
• UK industry won £43 million in contracts from the international subscriptions funded, and had accumulated a total of £150 million since 2005.

• Funded research inspired future generations to study STEM subjects, attracting 90% of UK undergraduates to study physics, funded 782 PhD students  and 16,800 student training days.
• Between 2009 to 2012 public engagement programmes engaged people on 58 million occasions, with 2 million people engaged in face-to-face activities in 2013 alone.

COVID-19 menyebar dengan cepat pada skala bersejarah dan dengan yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya. Peran serta media massa di Kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia sudah masuk dalam apa yang disebut sebagai ‘’mediated society’’ yang menempatkan media menjadi bagian penting dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat . Namun demikian, masalahnya yang timbul ialah seberapapun besarnya media massa menyediakan ruang khusus, tetap saja ruang itu memiliki keterbatasan. Media massa mengemas fenomena ini sehingga menjadi agen penting sebagai perantara antara masyarakat dan para pengambil kebijakan atau pemerintah. Metode yang digunakan ialahanalisa framingtidak dimaksudkan untuk secara mendalam membedah ideologi sebuah media massa secara spesifik, namun akan lebih ditekankan pada bagaimana tema-tema tentang pandemi diliput dalam media massa Indonesia secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil meliputi review dari beberapa penelitian tentang peran media massa dalam membentuk opini publik dan disesuaikan dengan kejadian nyata di Negara kita. Kesimpulan yang didapat ialah benar adanya jika media massa dapat membentuk sudut pandang masyarakat dalam membentuk opini publik atas kebijakan pemerintah.

Every advertisement text has a specific impact on the mind of receivers. Just like a water-mill or wind mill, human mind develops a specific systematic interaction against different advertisement texts. This section focuses on how information presented and carried by different texts are built on human mind. The basic aim is to reveal how advertisement texts operate human mind. In this sense, the authors try to understand the impact of analogue media on our minds through discussing the nature of science, the way human mind operates, and the structure of mass communication means. On top of that, the authors visualize this interaction on a model. This model would not only make it possible for us to understand our interaction with analogue media but also would give clues about digital media. With these clues, it would be possible to make predictions about changing advertising environment, and accordingly the way of making more effective strategies and future of advertising sector.

The media is expected to operate within the ambit of a code of conduct. Ethical principles seek to protect the fundamental rights of individuals and ensure the maintenance of harmony between the media and the audiences. Journalists are obliged to give their audiences information which is of public interest. Journalists ought to reflect on the code of conduct before making decisions on how to gather information, package information, publish and distribute stories in the various media.

En este artículo se presenta un intento de comprender las  relaciones entre el populismo digital y la política de la posverdad. En un primer momento, procuraremos entender esa categoría semántica difusa que es el populismo. A continuación, observaremos el crecimiento del populismo de ultraderecha en Europa y sus principales características. Por últim
o, analizaremos cómo el actual modelo de la comunicación en red,
particularmente la comunicación directa y la anatomía de las  redes sociales digitales, se convierte en un campo fértil para la diseminación de la retórica populista, articulando el concepto con los modernosmecanismos de desinformación y falsificación de la realidad.

The Public Broadcasting Act’s 50th anniversary provides an opportune
moment to reassess justifications for creating a noncommercial media system. This commemorative occasion coincides with a particularly precarious moment for public radio and television’s future, adding some urgency to revisiting and reasserting its normative foundations. With this in mind, it is instructive to look back at public broadcasting’s long history to recover some of the original arguments for establishing an alternative to commercial news media. These earlier visions suggest a social democratic ideal for broadcast media, one clearly recognizing that a market-driven system cannot provide for all of democratic society’s communication needs.

Creativity has often been considered to be a competitive advantage and a central component for success in advertising and marketing, in which the agencies that win awards for creative work get bigger clients and more business. This research explores the value of creativity in public relations and how it is perceived amongst professionals working in London’s public relations industry. The study will also explore the value of creativity at the various PR industry awards by looking at judging criteria and by gaining insights from PR professionals which serve as judges at some of these annual ceremonies. Findings suggest firstly, that creativity plays an important role in public relations and practitioners tend to look at it as a tool to engage audiences in original ways and make their client’s message stand out. Secondly, all participants acknowledge that industry lines have become very blurred and the roles carried out in PR agencies have become more diverse and more creative. Thirdly, findings suggest that PR agencies are still adapting to rapid industry changes. A certain division of attitudes, perceptions and understanding towards creativity and new creative roles are visible in this study. And finally, creativity is considered important at the PR industry awards, but it functions more as an added value for PR work. Overall business results and a measurable solution to a client communication problem weigh the heaviest when evaluating winning entries.

Previous studies have noted the dominance of official sources within the news process and their unique ability to shape media narratives. This research addresses the role and implications of news sources in contributing to the overwhelmingly positive portrayal of the anti-Mubarak opposition protesters within British and American newspaper coverage of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. Furthermore, this paper will assess how the position of global political elites towards the protests in Egypt possibly opened up the editorial space within the news coverage of the revolution for the anti-Mubarak opposition movement to emerge as the dominant voice within the reporting.

Kekuatan media (media power), mengikuti pendapat yang setuju pada pengaruhnya, akan terlihat lebih jelas di era globalisasi informasi dan komunikasi sekarang ini. Radio dikategorikan sebagai media massa, salah satu indikatornya sebab sasaran komunikasinya menjangkau khalayak atau audiens yang jumlahnya banyak. Dengan kata lain, menimbulkan keserempakan. Indikator lainnya sebuah media dikategorikan sebagai media massa, antara lain: komunikator melembaga, pesan bersifat umum, komunikan bersifat heterogen, dan proses berlangsung satu arah.

Humanity has always improved level of technology and the technology expanded the area of media, one of the most important improvers of media is Marshall McLuhan. He has lots of historical academic studies about the media, he produced lots of concepts which are Media Ecology, Global Village, and Hot and Cool Media. In this article, we will try to define, discuss media ecology and concepts based on McLuhan's ideas. In the media theories, there two main aspects and these are reflection of the how to message understand from the audience. The first one is about the how to communicate with the signals and transmission of the message to the send with the signals. This is the main theory about media technology in 1930s. There is no deep meaning and it is the transmission of the communication, it is about the technological perspective of medium. Other one is the meaning of the medium. These are called semiotics and they try to understand hidden messages in the media. Also, the meaning can understand different because of the cultural backgrounds, the explanation of the secret messages in the media.

The Internet leads us from bulky novels to tiny tales, from long descriptive literature to micro literature. And Meme is part of the wonders of the internet. The word "meme" is derived from biologist Richard Dawkins' book The Selfish Gene but later it was reappropriated by some internet users and that term spread from user to user to define 'specific content'.

Trump’s election laid bare structural flaws in our news and information systems. As mainstream news media sensationalized and trivialized what was at stake in the elections, social media amplified misinformation and propaganda. These media pathologies paved the way for the triumph of a demagogue. While criticism of such problems has escalated since the election, the underlying policies that enabled them have largely escaped scrutiny.

A teachers' manual to develop a critical understanding of communication and mass media through 95 lessons, 'Exercises in Media Education' is essential, systematic and fun. It wears its research and erudition lightly and strikes a blow at several ills. It fits well into schoolwork where this kind of stimulus could do lasting good but is usually absent. It provides a simple, hard-to-find framework for an understanding of the media, for study and discussion of the subject beyond the classroom and for that most important of requirements, responsible participation in the use of media. (Gerson da Cunha, Ex-Communication Executive in UNICEF) 
Publisher: Tej-prasarini, Don Bosco Communications, Matunga, Mumbai, India. 
Year: 1994/1999, Pages: 206,  ISBN 81-87060-10-7,
Email: <tej_dbc@vsnl.net>

La revuelta de los proeuropeos y nacionalistas en Kiev llamada Euromaidán desató la respuesta rusa, que occidente define como Guerra Hibrida. Sin embargo, el análisis de la secuencia de acciones y las herramientas puestas en juego hace posible comprender la Estrategia de Moscú de manera holística sin extrapolar conocimientos. Los acontecimientos descriptos, además de concluir en la adhesión de Crimea y la creación de un foco de inestabilidad en el este de Ucrania dejan en claro que esta Guerra de Nueva Generación de Rusia es la forma más evolucionada de dirimir conflictos.

Indian cinema with its century old rich heritage has evolved from celluloid to digital cinema and multiplexes. During this evolution various developments in terms of technological advancements took place not only in film making, marketing, distributing but also in how moviegoers watch cinema paving way to multiplexes thereby becoming entertainment centres. Indians are discerning about movies and their affair with Bollywood is eat movies, sleep movies, and live movies, so much so that Bollywood has become an integral part of their daily lives. Multiplexes are housed in shopping malls making it a more lucrative business proposition, as it saves time for the people to shop, entertain, and watch movies within the same premises. Thus making malls and multiplexes symbiotic with each other’s footfalls for revenue generation. In this backdrop we will look at how Indian talkies has evolved from theatre (single screens) to multiplexes (multiple screens) of the present day and their impact in watching and experiencing cinema differently.

There is now general agreement in the US that the traditional model for American journalism—the advertising-dependent newspaper—is increasingly unsustainable. But beyond that basic observation consensus falls apart. There is little agreement over what new model, if any, will replace the old. Debate continues over the severity of the crisis and what can be done about it. And, more specifically, there are stark differences over what the role of the state should be vis-à-vis the journalism crisis. Resolving these differences is beyond the scope of this chapter, but using the American journalism crisis as its primary case study, the following essay assesses the structural transformation of the press and its implications for democratic society. In seeking a sustainable future for journalism, the chapter concludes with policy recommendations aimed at salvaging public media from systemic market failure.

The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is an accepted skills acquisition
programme which forms part of the approved academic standard in the degree programme for
Nigeria University.
In 1974, the federal government of Nigeria introduced the national policy on industrial training,
called the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES).
This programmes is under the umbrella of the ministry of education through the industrial
training fund (ITF), was designed to help students acquire the necessary practical
education/experience in their field of study and other related professions.
This is an effort which was created on order to bridge the existing gap between the theory
taught in the classroom and practice of science, agriculture, medicine, engineering, technology
and other professional programmes in the Nigeria tertiary institution.
The programme was established basically to impact elaborate practical understanding to
students with respect to their various disciplines.
This report is a summary of the experience I acquired during my Students' Industrial Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) in Amuludun 99.1 FM, Moniya, Ibadan. I served as an intern in the
News Department of the organization.

This chapter outlines the importance of orality as a form of aesthetic, social and political engagement in the production of culture on the African continent. It gives an insight into some of the most important genres of oral poetry on the African continent, such as praise poetry and in the later parts of the chapter it moves into discussing how orality can now be seen as an active part of popular culture in many African countries.

It has well been observed that, like many other concepts and subjects, the functions of the media are geographically relative, and are peculiar depending on the geographical context. In light of this, I have attempted a comprehensive and practical assessment of the functions of the media in Nigeria, beginning with a brief look at what the media represent as an institution, as part of the society, and as a functioning agency.

This class will look at the rapidly changing media landscape, with an emphasis on mass communication platforms and mediums, examining how the transformations unleashed by the digital age are impacting traditional media business models and mainstream media behaviors. We will explore market trends (including market and consumer data from the United States and elsewhere), as well as how media companies and policy makers are responding to changes in business and advertising/funding models, alongside changes in content consumption and creation. In doing this, students will be exposed to some of the recurring issues and themes which will underpin their wider graduate study in journalism and communication. You can find out more about this in the detailed class schedule outlined on the following pages.

This work sought to find out the effectiveness of Anambra Broadcasting Service (ABS) Radio news on teaching and learning. The study focused mainly on listeners of ABS radio news broadcast in Awka, the capital of Anambra State, Nigeria. Its objectives were to find out; if Awka based students are exposed to ABS radio; to discover the ABS radio program students favorite; the need gratification that drives students to listen to ABS radio news; the contributions of radio news to students teaching and learning; and effectiveness of ABS radio news on teaching and learning in Awka. The population of Awka students is 198,868. This is also the population of the study. But a sample size of 400 was chosen and administered with questionnaires. The study was hinged on the uses and gratification theory. It adopted a survey research design. The data gathered was analyzed using simple percentages and frequency of tables. The study revealed that news is very effective in teaching and learning. It was...