Move

"Le second peuple de Nantes au XVIIIe siècle :
environnements du quotidien et interactions sociales.

Pour les intellectuels et lexicographes officiant sous l’Ancien Régime, le peuple de France n’est alors pas un mais multiple. Au cœur de l’espace urbain, exclusion faite de la population mendiante et vagabonde, la partie tout à la fois la plus nombreuse et la moins bien considérée de ce peuple regroupe les travailleurs journaliers et sans qualification, ceux de la terre ou plus ou moins qualifiés mais non dépendants d’un cadre corporatif, la domesticité au sens large, les ouvriers de manufactures, les compagnons et garçons de métiers jurés ainsi que l’ensemble des chambrelans besognant en contravention aux statuts des jurandes. Cette population que nous identifions sous l’appellation « second peuple » se caractérise par une existence de ses membres majoritairement vécue dans la précarité quotidienne, une insertion plus ou moins bien définie et solide au sein de la société urbaine et une inscription en dehors de toute forme officielle d’organisation horizontale du travail. Une attention portée sur trois pans majeurs de l’existence du second peuple de la ville de Nantes au dernier siècle de la monarchie absolue, soit la vie en communauté, la consommation matérielle et l’activité laborieuse, est en mesure de dévoiler quelques-uns des traits essentiels des individus le constituant : place centrale de l’élément féminin, importance des notions de déplacement et d’implantation géographiques, force des connexions et solidarités de voisinage, rapport parfois houleux à l’autorité et frugalité de l’environnement matériel du quotidien.

Mots clés : peuple, ville, Nantes, inventaire de biens, travail illégal, résistance, solidarité, voisinage, lien social, violence, mouvement, migration, parrainage, pauvreté, précarité, consommation, micro-histoire, déménagement.

The second people of Nantes in the XVIIIth century:
everyday environments and social interactions.

For the intellectuals and lexicographers officiating under the Ancien Regime, the people of France was then not one but many. At the heart of urban space, excluding the population of beggars and vagabonds, the at once most numerous and least well regarded part of this people groups together unqualified day laborers, those working on the land or more or less qualified but not dependent on a corporate framework, domestic workers in the broadest sense of the word, factory workers, journeymen and juniors in the legal profession and all “roomworkers” toiling in contravention of the statutes of the guilds. This population that we identify under the name of the “second people” is characterized by a life of its members mostly lived in everyday poverty, a more or less well defined and strong insertion in the heart of urban society and an entry without any official form of horizontal organization of work. A focus on three major segments of the existence of the second people of the city of Nantes in the last century of absolute monarchy, be it community life, material consumption or work activity, is able to reveal some essential features of the individuals which make it up: the central role of the feminine element, the importance of the concepts of travel and geographic location, the strength of connections and neighborhood solidarity, sometimes stormy relations with authority and the frugality of the material environment of daily life.

Key words: people, city, Nantes, inventories of goods, subterranean work, resistance, solidarity, neighborhood, social tie, violence, movement, migration, spiritual kinship, poverty, precariousness, household consumption, microhistory, move."

Tsao, Hung-ping (2019). Evolutionary mathematics and arts for sudoku proficiency investigation. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 1, Number 5, May 2019; 123 pages. Lenox Institute Press, PO Box 405, Newtonville, NY, 12128-0405, USA. No. STEAM-VOL1-NUM5-MAY2019; ISBN 978-0-9890870-3-2. ---------------ABSTRACT: In contract to Number 4 of Volume 1 (Sudoku 1.0) in which readers are divided into begginers and veterans, no distinction would be made here in Sudoku 2.0 based on the belief that all minds are created equal in the world of Sudoku. The unique features of this chapter are as follows: 1) Educational and situational moves are introduced for proficiency elevation. 2) Most puzzles are with 17 initial values that require 64 steps to complete. 3) Plenty of hard puzzles are provived in the end for readers to practice.

Tsao, Hung-ping (2019). Evolutionary mathematics and arts for sudoku proficiency investigation. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 1, Number 5, May 2019; 123 pages. Lenox Institute Press, PO Box 405, Newtonville, NY, 12128-0405, USA. No. STEAM-VOL1-NUM5-MAY2019; ISBN 978-0-9890870-3-2. ---------------ABSTRACT: In contract to Number 4 of Volume 1 (Sudoku 1.0) in which readers are divided into beginners and veterans, no distinction would be made here in Sudoku 2.0 based on the belief that all minds are created equal in the world of Sudoku. The unique features of this chapter are as follows: 1) Educational and situational moves are introduced for proficiency elevation. 2) Most puzzles are with 17 initial values that require 64 steps to complete. 3) Plenty of hard puzzles are provided in the end for readers to practice.---------------KEYWORDS: Sudoku, Puzzle, Row move, Column move, Block move, Box move, Grid move, Educational move, Situational move, Unique solution, Initial value, Gordon Royale list. STEM. STEAM.

VANET is a branch of MANETS, where each vehicle is a node, and a wireless router will run. The vehicles are similar to each other will interact with a wide range of nodes or vehicles and establish a network. VANETs provide us with the infrastructure to build new solutions for improving safety and comfort for drivers and passengers. There are several routing protocols proposed and evaluated for improving VANET's performance. The simulator is preferred over external experience because it is easy, simple, and inexpensive. In this paper, we choose AODV protocol, DSDV protocol, and DSR protocol with five different nodes density. For each protocol, as regards specific parameters like (throughput, packet delivery ratio, and end- to- end delay). On simulators that allow users to build real-time navigation models of simulations using VANET. Tools (SUMO, MOVE, and NS-2) were used for this paper, then graphs were plotted for evaluation using Trace-graph. The results showed the DSR is much ...

In this paper I discuss a basic theoretical question: Does movement contain a step of copying? Since Chomsky (1993), Copy as an operation to derive displacement effects has been introduced into the syntactic theory. In contrast, it is also claimed that displacement effects are achieved by the operation Remerge, without any copy operation (Epstein et al. 1998, among others). I present some problems of the Copy Theory of movement: the problematic motivation and implementation of the assumed PF-deletion; a paradox with respect to the locality of feature-checking; and a problem in theta-role receptivity. I argue that overt movement is simply remerger of a given term, rather than copying of any element. The Remerge Theory works without the assumed operation of Copy, and is free from the problems of Copy Theory of movement. The paper also addresses how issues such as trace, reconstruction effects, and resumptive pronouns are dealt with in the Remerge Theory of movement.

VANET is a branch of MANETS, where each vehicle is a node, and a wireless router will run. The vehicles are similar to each other will interact with a wide range of nodes or vehicles and establish a network. VANETs provide us with the infrastructure to build new solutions for improving safety and comfort for drivers and passengers. There are several routing protocols proposed and evaluated for improving VANET's performance. The simulator is preferred over external experience because it is easy, simple, and inexpensive. In this paper, we choose AODV protocol, DSDV protocol, and DSR protocol with five different nodes density. For each protocol, as regards specific parameters like (throughput, packet delivery ratio, and end- to- end delay). On simulators that allow users to build real-time navigation models of simulations using VANET. Tools (SUMO, MOVE, and NS-2) were used for this paper, then graphs were plotted for evaluation using Trace-graph. The results showed the DSR is much higher than AODV and DSDV, In terms of throughput. While DSDV is the best choice because of the low average end to end delay. From the above, we conclude that each strategy has its own negative and positive aspects that make it ideally suited to a particular scenario than other scenarios.