Nefertiti

Travel was a crucial element of ancient Egyptian culture. An extensive traffic system by land and by water already existed as early as the Old Kingdom, including various means of transport that did not fundamentally change right through to the New Kingdom. Traveling activity attested for various professions demonstrates that Egyptian society exercised a high degree of mobility. In the majority of cases, a journey was undertaken within the scope of the traveler’s work and on behalf of the pharaoh. Travel had a significant impact on the Egyptian world-view as well as on the development of the
identity of Egyptian society as an entity.

Note that this paper is to be read in conjunction with THE DECORATED NORTH WALL IN THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMUN (KV 62) (THE BURIAL OF NEFERTITI? II) (2019) (https://www.academia.edu/39903971/The_Decorated_North_Wall_in_the_Tomb_of_Tutankhamun_KV_62_The_Burial_of_Nefertiti_II_2019_) and THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMUN (KV 62): SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (THE BURIAL OF NEFERTITI? III) (2020)(https://www.academia.edu/44309046/The_Tomb_of_Tutankhamun_KV_62_Supplementary_Notes_The_Burial_of_Nefertiti_III_2020_). THE BURIAL OF NEFERTITI? ANIMATIONS may be accessed separately at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD-SFAqqGpS603n_o7CORky6pUvB061X5

For the French version of the book: http://www.deboccard.com/fr/category/15960-Produit-9782875622310.html
For the English version of the book: http://www.deboccard.com/fr/category/16005-Produit-9782875622457.html
Or contact the scientific editors

Ausverkauft - aber es gibt noch genügend Kopien im Second Hand Markt:
Die Fachpublikation behandelt eines der spannendsten Gebiete der Ägyptologie, die Amarnazeit, der Epoche der religiösen Revolutionäre Pharao Echnaton und seiner schönen Königin Nofretete. 2010 wurden die Mumien der Amarnazeit der lange erwarteten DNA-Untersuchung unterzogen. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß Tutanchamun der Sohn der Mumie aus dem Grab KV 55 und der „jüngeren Dame“ aus dem Mumienversteck im Grab KV 35 ist. Diese Erkenntnis hat einschneidende Folgen für die Interpretation der Geschichte der Amarnazeit. Denn bisher galt bei vielen Wissenschaftlern die Mumie aus KV 55 als der junge, männliche, Mitregent Semenchkare. Jetzt ist erwiesen, daß es Echnaton, der Ketzerkönig selbst ist. Das vorliegende Fachbuch beschreibt sowohl die älteren Röntgenuntersuchungen als auch die Erbgutresultate und die Entdeckung der Mumienverstecke. Die „jüngere Dame“ aus KV 35 war schon früher durch Dr. Joann Fletcher als Nofretete identifiziert worden. Die Theorie, die sehr gut fundiert ist, wurde aber in der Folge durch die Forschung mehrheitlich abgelehnt. Jetzt hat sie sich mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit bestätigt. Vom Mitregenten Semenchkare fehlt nun jeder Beweis, daß es ein junger Mann gewesen sei. Vielmehr verdichtet sich die im anglo-amerikanischen Raum beliebte Theorie, daß Nofretete selbst unter dem Namen Semenchkare zuerst Mitregentin und dann Nachfolgerin ihres Mannes geworden ist! Das Buch präsentiert ein umfassendes Bild der Epoche: Wie kam es zum religiösen Umsturz und zur ersten monotheistischen Religion der Weltgeschichte? Die Merkmale und die Gründe, warum die neue Religion schließlich wieder unterging, werden analysiert. Mit dem Tode ihres Stifters, der als einziger Kontakt zur fernen Gottheit Aton, der Sonnenscheibe, hatte, brach das theologische System zusammen und es war Nofretete, welche die Annäherung an die alten polytheistischen Götterkulte einleitete. Die Mumie der Nofretete weist Verletzungen auf, die darauf deuten, daß die berühmte Königin einem Attentat zum Opfer fiel. Das Buch schildert auch die Ereignisse der Nachamarnazeit, wie der spätgeborene Sohn der Nofretete, Tutanchamun, auf den Thron gesetzt wird und seinen überraschend frühen Tod. Im Unterschied zu anderen Publikationen, spannt dieses Buch den Bogen weiter bis zur Ramessidenzeit (19. und 20. Dynastie): Obwohl die nachfolgenden Könige die Amarnazeit liquidierten und aus den Königslisten streichen lassen, lebte kulturell vieles weiter, so ist das ramessidische Konzept des verborgenen Gottes Amun, eine Verarbeitungsphase der für Ägypten traumatisierenden Erfahrung mit einem gescheiterten Monotheismus.Das Buch macht auch eine große Zahl von wichtigen Originaltexten in Übersetzung einem breiteren Leserkreis zugänglich.

One image dominates our contemporary world above all others: the human body. How Art Made the World travels from the modern world of advertising to the temples of classical Greece and the tombs of ancient Egypt to solve the mystery of why humans surround themselves with images of the body that are so unrealistic.

The main theme of this episode is how people rarely created images of the body that are realistic. By understanding this we  also understand something about our bodies, and human nature in general.

The Venus of Willendorf, in the Natural History Museum in Vienna, is a small Venus figure with exaggerated breasts, hips and sexual organs. These exaggerations are symbolic of fertility,  what is significant is that the artist ignored other parts of the body, such as her face and arms. Similar Venus figures with similar exaggerations and omissions have been found all over Europe and Russia. Professor Ramachandran explains why features were exaggerated. By making comparisons to research with Herring Gulls showing how their chicks, which are stimulated by the red stripe on their parents beaks, can be over stimulated by simulating a beak with additional stripes. He suggests that the same neurological process stimulated early man, explaining why they exaggerated these features of fertility over others.

Moving forward several thousand years. The Egyptians, who valued consistency and order in their society, abandoned the exaggerations of their ancestors and chose to use a mathematical approach to creating images of the body. They chose to show each part of the body from it’s clearest angle, developing their recognisable style and then preserving this style for thousands of years. When the Ancient Greek’s culture came into contact with the Egyptians, this ignited an artistic revolution across the Greek city states. The Greek culture wanted a more realistic representation of the figure for their temples, and as with the Kritios Boy, they measured and reproduced the body to exact dimensions in their sculptures. A generation later, however, the Greeks abandoned this ultra realism preferring exaggerated representations of the body based on the aestetic theories created by Polykleitos, such as the Riace Bronzes. Prof Ramachandran explains that art needs this exaggeration to be interesting.

The programme concludes with what we choose to exaggerate, saying this  “is where the magic comes in”. The choice of what to exaggerate has changed over the centuries to match changing human values.

The Journal of Near Eastern Studies has generously allowed me to upload my latest article:

This article reexamines the evidence and arguments surrounding the re-cutting of the colossi of Akhenaten as a means to explain the appearance of the unusual plaques or blocks of stone that showcase the name of the god Aten. As will be argued below, it appears that they preserve the original surface of the statue, indicating
that they result from re-cutting pre-existing statues of Akhenaten himself. The process of carving and then recarving statues of the same king demonstrates the stages of experimentation in iconography in the first years of Akhenaten’s reign. Pharaoh and sculptor were working together to create a new iconography that reflected the iconoclasm of Atenism and Akhenaten’s redefinition of the role of the divine king.

The main aim of this thesis is to investigate whether the socio-political similarities between the Amarna and Hellenistic periods have had a (partially) similar impact on the portrait sculptures that emerged from each period. Despite being roughly 1000 years apart in time and in geographically different locations, the Amarna and Hellenistic periods share a number of similarities. Both are characterised by sudden cultural, political and religious changes that occurred on a vast scale, resulting in the mass relocation of people who had to adjust to a new way of life.
Major innovations occurred within the art and iconography that
was produced in each of these periods, too, particularly in regards to portrait sculptures. Art is generally accepted to be a reflection of the socio-political climate of a given historical period. Therefore, by making a comparison between the sculpture of these two ancient cultures, I hope to discover why particular sculptural elements and themes became favoured within portrait sculptures that emerged in these periods. Realism and individualism became more prominent stylistic choices, breaking with the popular idealised portrait styles that were typical of pre-Amarna pharaonic Egypt and pre-Hellenistic Classical Greece. Another common element within portrait sculptures from both periods is the inclusion of features that suggest signs of ageing, which again was not typical before these periods. Lastly, gender- bending also occurs within some of the sculptures from each period, meaning that male portraits are given effeminate attributes, whilst female ones are given masculine attributes; these thematic elements within sculpture spark interesting questions about gender and power, and how they may have been viewed in society during the unusual times that encapsulate these periods. This is not to say that other elements are not present; for example, the portraits from both periods also display an increased emphasis on depicting rulers as divine; however, the three themes that I will focus on are, in my opinion, the most prevalent and relevant. comparison of two ancient cultures with similar trajectories may also allow for a deeper understanding of the psychology of ancient peoples and how they reacted to times of political turmoil and uncertainty.

In modern literatures, the location of Pi-Hahiroth at which the Pharaoh of Moses sank is unknown; and during the reign of which Pharaohs the Israelites have lived in Egypt is still unconfirmed. Besides, the historic and chronological scenarios suggested by modern scholars regarding this period differ from those mentioned by the Greek and medieval historians. Therefore, the paper shows the location of a mouth of an inland lake, in the western coast of Sinai that ramifies from the Suez Gulf, which according to Al Maqrizi the medieval Egyptian historian, Moses and the Israelites crossed it during the exodus. Regarding the dissimilarity in chronological data from different sources, the paper shows that the Egyptians used diverse time intervals, and four types of years, namely: the Earth's solar year of ~365 days, the pilgrimage year of 6 months, the administrative year of 3 months, and the lunar year of ~30 days. Besides, regarding the dissimilarity in historic scenarios and names of pharaohs, the paper shows how to pronounce their names, similar to that mentioned by Greek and medieval historians, using the proper phonetic values and color-codes of signs, in addition to the rule of pronouncing the core and cover parts of the word in black texts. Finally, the paper shows that the pharaohs of Abraham, Joseph, and Moses are the so-called Amenhotep-III, Seti-I, and Ramesses-V, respectively.

O senso comum cria uma imagem sobre o Egito Antigo que nem sempre corresponde àquele povo. Tendemos a imaginar o faraó como um governante supremo, quase mitológico, sem suas características humanas. Este artigo, assim, visa desmistificara imagem do faraó, apontando a influência das rainhas mãe e esposa no governo egípcio do Período de Amarna.

ABSTRACT
The common sense creates an image of ancient Egypt that does not always correspond to that people. We tend to imagine the pharaoh as a supreme ruler, almost mythological, without his human characteristics. This article therefore aims to demystify Pharaoh’s image, by pointing the influence of queens, mother and wife, in the Egyptian Amarna Period.

Der Tod lauert im Museum. Der vierte Kriminalfall des Privatermittlers Achille Corso.
Bei einem Museumsbesuch werden der Privatermittler Achille Corso und seine Verlobte, die Forensikerin Pentesilea Orsini in einen doppelten Kriminalfall hineingezogen. Zuerst wird eine Leiche gefunden und danach folgt eine weitere Tat. Hängen die beiden Fälle miteinander zusammen? Corso ermittelt dieses Mal in München. Eine wilde Jagd führt die beiden Ermittler zu verschiedenen Sehenswürdigkeiten und auch auf das Oktoberfest.
ISBN:978-3758415418
Auch als E-Buch erhältlich
ISBN: 978-3758416439
Link zum Trailer:
https://www.youtube.com/@AlexanderPDyle

The paper is a study into the Advanced Geometry of Egypt's 18th Dynasty iconic statue created by Thutmose. A number of new findings are reported on the Architecture of the bust, including the length of its modulus, the palm (the shesep - 7.5 centimeters). The inverted truncated cone-like structure of Nefertiti's bust is examined in detail, and its various components analyzed in depth. Measurements are derived at the level of a hundredth of a millimeter. They are based on a 3-d scanning of the statue publicly available. Extensions along the Dynamical Geometry of viewing this, and any other, 3-d object within the field of Dynamical Analysis are suggested.

Sumptuous catalogue of the breathtaking exhibition at Cercle de Lorraine, Brussels / Belgium in June 2012, curated by Jacques Billen of "Harmakhis Archeologie" - Contributions and object entries by Christian E. Loeben are on the following pages: 18-23 (extensive history of the Egyptian Collection at Museum August Kestner, Hannover / Germany), 48-49, 62-63, 69, 70-71, 74-75, 76, 77, 78-79, 84-85, 90-97, 119, 124, 171, 188, 205 (15 object entries), of which the following are notable: p. 70-71 "FACE OF QUEEN NEFERTITI" is the first time made identification of a small quarzite head to belong to a shabti figure of the famous Egyptian Queen Nefertiti previously falsly attributed to her husband, Pharaoh Akhenaten (Dynasty 18, 1353-1336 BC). This new identification has in the meantime been confirmed (e.g. by the Egyptologist Christian Bayer, Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum, Hildesheim); p. 90-97 "DOUBLE 'SHABTI ON BIER' OF THE PRINCES KHAEMWASE AND RAMESSU, SONS OF RAMESSES II" discusses this fabulous object and compares it to a "shabti on bier" of the prince Thutmose, son of Amenhotep III (Berlin Egyptian Museum, acq. no. VÄGM 117-96).

As  means  of  locomotion,  mount  animals,  sedan
chairs or chariots are known from ancient Egypt
for overland travel (Köpp, 2008b, 401-412; Köpp-
Junk, 2013: 6-9; 2014: 199-276). The oldest mode
of travel, however, was simply to walk because it
was  the  easiest  and  cheapest  way  to  move,  even
though it was the slowest. The very reverse applies
to  the  chariot.  Compared  to  all  other  means  of
travel, except for horseback riding, the chariot was
the fastest, but also the most expensive one. Be-
sides the chariot, the owner has to purchase horses
as  well  as  have  a  personal  staff  for  maintenance
and care of both. Therefore, at the beginning of the
18th Dynasty, only the king and
a few high officials could afford them (Hofmann,
1989: 33). However, about 2,000 chariots are esti-
mated for the Egyptian army of the 19th Dynasty
(Langenbach, 2009: 347). This figure provides indication of the increasing use of the chariot. How many additional chariots were privately owned is uncertain, but several tomb scenes
as well as textual evidence from the New Kingdom
show them as an obvious component of daily life
as a mode of locomotion.
This contribution discusses the general use of
chariots in civil contexts. Additionally, its radius
of  action  with  regards  to  overland  travel  is  analyzed, as well as how chariots were transported by
water. This is followed by on overview of the traveling speed of the vehicle.

According to egyptological discoveries, Akhenaten (1348-1331 B.C.), Pharaoh of Egypt, was the founder of a "new" Solar Globe religion of Aton. From that point on, it became popular to believe that it was the first monotheistic religion and that there was a relationship between this monotheism and that of Moses. However, Egyptologists have questionef this somewhat exaggerated perception of the Atonian religion. Most admit that this "monotheism" is very different from that which Israel would adopt. It is a monotheism characterized by an extreme depersonalisation of the divinity, and a theology base on rationalism and the description of phenomena, to the point of being a "godless" monotheisme. It even seeums to exclude the Egyptians' cherished hope for immortality. Can we then still speak of "monotheism" ?

Benkowski, Rachel Rae. M.A. The University of Memphis. August 2011. The Sun Queen’s Trademark: A Study of the Tall Blue Crown of Queen Nefertiti. Major Professor: Patricia Podzorski, PhD.

The iconic tall blue crown favored by queen Nefertiti, wife of the pharaoh Akhenaten, is unique. I believe it was strongly influenced by a crown seen in depictions of queen Tiye as a sphinx from Sedinga, Nubia and the king’s xprS crown. The choice of Nefertiti’s unique crown was dictated by the need of the Atenist theology for a visual signifier of the link between the queen, the goddess Tefnut in her various forms, and the rwty lions. The connection between Shu and Tefnet and the solar guardian lions points directly to the notion that Akhenaten and Nefertiti, as personifications of the primeval twins, were both guardians, and offspring, of their unique solar deity, the Aten. To understand how Nefertiti’s crown helped define her status and roles during the Amarna period, this thesis examines the crown’s possible origins and divine associations, context of use, and Nefertiti’s titles and epithets that appear beside it.

Part 2 delivers the decisive five further facts that Smenkhkare is indeed identical to the mummy from KV55. Smenkhkare succeeded his elder brother Akhenaten as pharaoh of Egypt. Smenkhkare was the husband of Queen Meritaten and the father of Tutankhamun. 

The summary (page 28) combines the known facts and contrasts Akhenaten and Smenkhkare. These facts are substantiated in NILE MAGAZINE 20 and 21. Now, if you attribute to each a probability of 0.5-0.9 and combine them, the likelihood is higher than 99.99% that Smenkhkare was male, pharaoh of Egypt, is identical to the mummy of KV55, and represents the true father of Tutankhamun. This is closest to a proof.

For the French version of the book: http://www.deboccard.com/fr/category/15960-Produit-9782875622310.html
For the English version of the book: http://www.deboccard.com/fr/category/16005-Produit-9782875622457.html
Or contact the scientific editors

Two architectural elements from Akhenaten's early buildings at Karnak temple, a gateway and a set of pillars, are decorated with scenes of Nefertiti worshipping the Aten alone with only her daughters in attendance. Assumed to be examples of Nefertiti acting independently in the Aten cult, these monuments are sometimes hailed as precursors to the Sunshade of Re/sun temple structures so popular at Tell el-Amarna, most of which are associated with Akhenaten's female family members. In this article these monuments are studied in the context of scenes reconstructed from Kom el-Nana, a Sunshade of Re at Tell el-Amarna, and other examples of women shown as the sole ritualist before a deity. It is proposed that images of Nefertiti acting alone are an indication of her lower status in the early part of Akhenaten's reign, and that her status was elevated after the erection of the gateway and pillars. Nefertiti did not yet have enough status to act along side Akhenaten before year 6, and the gateway and pillars from Karnak cannot be considered precursors of Sunshade of Re temples, or as evidence for her independence in the Aten cult. In conclusion it is suggested that conversations about ancient women in religious hierarchies should be shifted from discussions about agency and power to discussions about importance, as a means to avoid the anachronistic application of western feminist thought to ancient evidence.

This article is to try to make sense of a puzzling statement of Aristotle (384-322 BCE) that links Jews with India. This statement is recalled in a fragment by Aristotle's pupil Clearchus who traveled widely and whose inscription on a tomb of a friend is preserved in the Afghan city of Ai-Khanoum. The Jewish scholar Flavius Josephus (37-100 CE) quotes from Clearchus's fragment in his Contra Apionem [Against Apion], which has Aristotle say: 1 "Jews are derived from the Indian philosophers; they are named by the Indians Calami, and by the Syrians Judaei, and took their name from the country they inhabit, which is called Judea." (Book I:22)

For the French version of the book: http://www.deboccard.com/fr/category/15960-Produit-9782875622310.html
For the English version of the book: http://www.deboccard.com/fr/category/16005-Produit-9782875622457.html
Or contact the scientific editors

The Complete Royal Mummies of Ancient Egypt. Identifications of Ancient Egyptian Royal Mummies from the Old Kingdom to the Greco-Roman period re-assessed. Part 1: Text. Bioarchaeological investigations of Ancient Egyptian Mummies: Immerse yourself in the fascinating world of the royal mummies of ancient Egypt. This two-volume work presents the current state of knowledge on the identification of the royal mummies and offers an in-depth look at the complex scientific methodology used to unravel their secrets. Volume one guides you through the historical information, such as ancient restoration inscriptions applied by the priests of the Third Intermediate Period when repairing the mummies, as well as the changing techniques of mummification, which provide important clues to the dating and positioning of individuals within the various royal families. Numerous royal mummies are presented as individual case studies to give you a detailed insight into their identification. In the second volume you will find craniometric data, some rulers of the medieval period whose tombs have survived, as well as the khedives, sultans and kings of the modern period and their wives. In addition, you will find forensic facial reconstructions and other illustrations to help you gain an even more accurate picture of these fascinating personalities. The books are an indispensable reference work for anyone interested in the history of ancient Egypt and the fascinating world of royal mummies. Immerse yourself in the world of the pharaohs and discover the secrets of their mummies. The study includes, among others: Meresankh III, Seqenenre Taa, Thutmosis III, Amenhotep III, Akhenaten, Nefertiti, Smenkhkare, potential candidates for identification as Meritaten or Ankhesenamun, Sety I, Ramses II, Merenptah and many other preserved mummies of the pharaohs. Softcover edition
https://www.amazon.de/dp/3758481996/

The reign of Akhenaten is one of the most controversial of all Egyptian history since only about the co-regency with Amenhotep III there are more than 1200 books and academic articles that have been written. He has thus become the center of many other controversies: although he had only (six) daughters he would be the father of Tutankhamun (a boy!) despite the fact that the latter had clearly stated to be the son of Amenhotep III, although he had worshiped the sun under different shapes (Aten, Re, Amun) he would be the true father of monotheism that inspired the biblical myth of Moses as well as the Jewish god Adon "Lord", a plagiarism of Aton, although he was the sovereign pontiff of Egypt, a delegation of priests of Amun would have plotted a religious rebellion in order to remove the heretic worship of Aton, etc. All this doesn't seem seriousness. The only way of knowing the (historical) truth is to use a chronology anchored on absolute dates (coming from astronomy). Thus the precise dating of this period confirms historical testimonies: Amenhotep III (1383-1345) reigned 11 years beside his eldest son Amenhotep IV (1356-1340) and was the father of Tutankhamun (1336-1327) born in 1347 BCE.

Nefertiti, the wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten, fulfilled several important functions in both the religion and politics of the Amarna Period. The very name of Nefertiti, Nfr-nfr.w-jtn nfr.t-jj.tj, which translates as The Beautiful is Beauty of Aten, The Beautiful One Has Come, shows how important was the role she played in representing the qualities of the sun god Akhetaten. Nefertiti was presented as The Great Wife of the King but also The Lady of the Two Lands. These titles are indicative of her strong position in politics, because in ancient Egypt, religion and ideology of royal power were inextricably linked. Apparently, the queen was identified with the ruler. This is evidenced, for example, in the scenes from talatat, where Nefertiti was presented on the board of a ceremonial ship pulling a captive by his or her hair and massacring him or her with a khepesh sword, held in the other hand. Very important is the sacral dimension of Nefertiti, because apart from holding significant religious and political functions, she was also deified. Nefertiti's divine status is best illustrated and confirmed in Akhenaten's sarcophagus. At each corner, the queen is shown with outstretched arms, covering and protecting the deceased ruler. Recent discoveries in great Wadi Dayr Abu Hinnis indicate that in 16 Year of Akhenaten's reign, Nefer-titi was still alive and was the highest queen. This sheds new light on the Amarna Period. It cannot be ruled out that Nefertiti, as Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaton, held the function of Akhenaten's coregent, and after her husband's death, ruled independently as Anchcheperure Semenchakare.

Smenkhkare. The enigmatic Pharaoh of Akhet-Aton. This book presents the latest research findings and materials on the enigmatic figure of the late Amarna period: Smenkhkare. It is still disputed today whether Smenkhkare was a young man at Akhenaten‘s side or Queen Nefertiti, who succeeded her husband with this fictitious identity as a male pharaoh. The identification of the mummy from tomb KV 55 is a crucial piece of the puzzle of this Egyptological enigma. In 2015, a new theory was put forward by C. N. Reeves, according to which Nefertiti alias Smenkhkare is to be found in undiscovered chambers in Tutankhamun‘s tomb. #Smenkhkare #Nefertiti #Tutankhamun #KV55
https://www.michaelhabicht.info/
Keywords
• Smenkhkare
• Amarna period
• Nefertiti
• KV 55
• forensic face reconstruction
• Amarna Age
• forensic Egyptology
https://www.amazon.de/dp/3754957120/

Ein ganz spezieller Fall für Detektiv Achille Corso und Pentesilea Orsini. Es geschehen Dinge, die dem Kriminalisten nur im Traum einfallen können… Die Jagd nach dem „Grande Diadema“ der Königin Margerita erweist sich als besonders schwierig, da dem Ermittler zahlreiche forensische Methoden nicht zur Verfügung stehen. Ein ungewöhnlicher Fall. Zahlreiche Abbildungen und Zusatzinformationen.
ISBN: 978-3757573201
https://www.amazon.de/dp/375757320X/
Auch als E-Buch erhältich:
https://www.epubli.com/shop/das-diadem-der-koenigin-9783757570071

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-3756525041
https://www.amazon.de/dp/375652504X/
Das Buch präsentiert die aktuellen Forschungserkenntnisse und Materialien zu der geheimnisvollen Gestalt der Amarnazeit: Semenchkare. Es ist bis heute umstritten, ob Semenchkare ein junger Mann an der Seite Echnatons war oder aber Königin Nofretete, welche mit dieser fiktiven Identität als männlicher Pharao Nachfolger ihres Mannes wurde. Die Identifikation der Mumie aus dem Grabversteck KV 55 ist ein entscheidendes Puzzleteil dieses ägyptologischen Enigmas. Vor einigen Jahren wurde die Mumie KV 55 als genetischer Vater von Tutanchamun bestimmt. Ein Neufund, der eine längere Mitregentschaft belegt, scheint das Rätsel endlich zu lösen. 2015 wurde von C. N. Reeves eine neue Theorie aufgestellt, wonach Nofretete alias Semenchkare in unentdeckten Kammern im Grab von Tutanchamun zu finden sein soll. Erweiterte und aktualisierte Auflage in Taschenbuchformat. Neue forensische Rekonstruktionen und zusätzliche Photographien. Forensische Gesichtsrekonstruktionen von KV 55 (Echnaton), der Mumie Kairo CG 61076 (möglicherweise eine Amarnaprinzessin) und der Younger Lady KV 35 (Nofretete?).

The Face of Nefertiti?
The head of a mummy dubbed the “Younger Lady” was recently scanned and modelled. It’s a remarkable portrait, but is it Nefertiti? We look at the cases for and against the connection.

-- Tutankhamun's tomb: The final scan results.
There's nothing there!

-- The North Wall of Tutankhamun's tomb: The New Interpretation.
Does the lack of hidden chambers mean that Tutankhamun’s tomb is out of surprises? Far from it. In fact, Nicholas Reeves was on the right track. We reveal that KV 62 WAS built for Nefertiti after all.

-- Luxor Temple's New Face.
Another of Ramesses II's colossal statues stands again. Or should that be "Amenhotep III's colossal statue"?

-- The Royal Tombs—Part Four: The Middle Kingdom.
After a century in the wilderness, royal pyramids are back—but not as we knew them.

-- The Celestial Dung Beetle.
What is it about the humble scarab that led the ancient Egyptians to make it the most popular amulet in Egyptian history?

-- Plus, The Nile Quiz, Looking Back and lots more.

Inside:
-- Golden Treasures of the Pharaohs.
For the Egyptians, gold was proof that eternity was real. We feature some spectacular golden treasures from Cairo’s Egyptian Museum.

-- Nefertiti's Wedding.
What are the clues in Tutankhamun's tomb that point to the union between Nefertiti and her king?

-- That Black Sarcophagus.
For 17 days in July, the Twittersphere obsessed over an ominous, black sarcophagus that had been unearthed in Alexandria. Was there an ancient evil inside? The truth turned out to be far nastier.

-- Life in a Pyramid Builders' Town.
One site more than any other gives us a unique insight into the lives of those who built and maintained a pyramid: that of Lahun, built by King Senwosret II around 1870 B.C.

-- Seti I's strange bedfellows.
Ever since the discovery of his tomb, Seti I has been bizarrely associated with pseudo-archaeology and mysticism, which have dogged the memory of one of Egypt’s greatest rulers.

-- A Pharaoh's Legacy.
King Ptolemy II could never have guessed what his greatest gift to Egypt would be.

-- Plus, The Nile Quiz, Looking Back and lots more.

The present paper deals once again with the so-called episode of Daḫamunzu and analyses the time lapses, with a special look at the cruising speeds of messengers during the Egyptian New Kingdom and the activities mentioned by the Hittite king Muršili II. Having set up a scheme with timeframes including the known dates of the deaths of Tutankhamon and Akhenaton (i.e. the deceased kings considered in the Daḫamunzu episode), it is likely that Nefertiti sent this letter to the Hittite king only a short time after the death of her husband. This perception further leads us to conclude, in line with recent research, that Nefertiti and Semenkhkare are one and the same person and that there was a co-regency between her and Akhenaton for a few years. The sequence of events is reconstructed at the end and built up into a chronology.

Tutanchamun - 100 Jahre Entdeckung seines Grabes: Können Sie etwas sehen...? Ja, wundervolle Dinge! Die berühmten Worte von Howard Carter, als er durch ein Loch in die Vorkammer spähte. Spannend und umfangreich schildert das Fachbuch die Entdeckung und Erforschung des Grabes von Pharao Tutanchamun. Das Leben der Ausgräber, Howard Carter und George Herbert, Earl of Carnarvon wird vorgestellt und ihre systematische Suche nach Tutanchamun, welche ab 1917/18 begann und 1922 mit dem Fund des Grabes belohnt wurde. Die neuesten Forschungserkenntnisse und die Frage, ob es weitere Kammern gibt, die noch nicht gefunden wurden, werden vorgestellt (Die Theorie von Nicholas Reeves). Im zweiten Teil des Buches werden die künstlerisch und historisch wichtigsten Objekte aus dem Grabschatz vorgestellt und analysiert. Der dritte Teil ist der Rekonstruktion des Lebens von Tutanchamun gewidmet. Wer waren seine Eltern? Wie ist er gestorben? War es Mord? Oder ein Unfall? Der Rezeption von Tutanchamun in der Kultur der Neuzeit ist ein längerer Abschnitt gewidmet, ebenso dem legendären Fluch des Pharaos. Zahlreiche Literaturangaben machen das Buch zu einem wichtigen Nachschlagewerk. Aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage. Zahlreiche Abbildungen in Farbe und Schwarzweiß. Hardcover Ausgabe. Gut lesbare, grosse Schrift.
https://www.amazon.de/dp/3754147706/

This article places the Sunshade of Re at Kom el-Nana within the context of inscriptions relating to other Sunshades of Re, in particular those relating to the Sunshade of Re of Hatshepsut. While the Sunshade of Re at Kom el-Nana served the solar cult of the Aten, over seen by the regenerative aspects of royal Amarna women, it also served as a locus for the mortuary cults of the non-royal or noble courtiers at Tell el-Amarna. It is also proposed that Kom el-Nana could have been understood as a type of mortuary locale, with the added possibility that all Aten temples at Amarna may have had a similar function.

Der Hardcover Deluxe Band vereinigt alle drei Bücher zu Mumien in einem einzigen Buch in größerem Format. Der erste Band der Serie zu Mumien und Mumiengeschichten befasst sich mit Einbalsamierten Monarchen, Päpsten, Moorleichen und Mumien in Europa. Wissenschaftliche Studien, unterhaltsame und manchmal bizarre Mumiengeschichten werfen ein spannendes Bild auf die europäische Tradition der Mumifizierung: Die Mumien des Alten Ägyptens. Verschiedene Mumien von der Prädynastik bis zur Römischen Epoche werden vorgestellt und zeichnen die Entwicklung der Mumifizierungstechnik und den Wandel in der Bestattungskultur nach. Zahlreiche Mumien von Königen und Königinnen werden vorgestellt, ebenso die einbalsamierten Körper der Bevölkerung. Zu den vorgestellten Mumien gehören: Ranefer, Königin Meresanch III., König Seqenenra Taa, Ahmose I., der Beamte Nebiri, das Ehepaar Kha und Merit, die Könige Thutmosis III. und IV., Amenhotep III., die geheimnisvolle Mumie aus dem Grab KV 55 (Echnaton?), Tutanchamun, die Herrscher der Ramessidenzeit: Ramses II, seine Ehefrau Nefertari, Merenptah und Siptah. In der zweiten Zwischenzeit und der Spätzeit werden verschiedene bekannte Mumien vorgestellt: Asru (Manchester), Nes-Khons (Kairo) und Sha-Amun-en-su, welche leider im Brand des Nationalmuseums von Rio erst kürzlich zerstört wurde. Mumien mit Portraits in Wachsenkaustik bilden den Abschluss des zweiten Teils Die Mumien aus Südamerika, der Kolonialzeit und Mumien in Asien. Wissenschaftliche Studien, unterhaltsame und manchmal bizarre Mumiengeschichten werfen ein spannendes Bild auf die Tradition der Mumifizierung in Südamerika und Fernost. Einige der Mumien sind Menschenopfer, andere haben die Praxis der Selbstmumifizierung gewählt.
https://www.amazon.de/dp/3756509818/
ISBN: 978-3756509812