Non-destructive testing

The article shows the possibilities of nondestructive testing of the subsurface structure of various objects by means of pulse thermography technique. A number of examples are presented and their structure is analyzed. The technique includes heating the surface of an object with laser radiation and pyrometric investigation of local changes in surface temperature. Information is extracted from thermography results obtained both during forced heating and during subsequent cooling of the sample. The main attention in the article is paid to parts made of plastics used as structural materials in a wide range of products.

Resistance Spot welding (RSW) is one of the common welding processes used for sheet joining especially in the automobile and aerospace industry. It is used in a wide range of industries but notably for the assembly of sheet steel vehicle bodies. This is a type of resistance welding where the spot welds are made at regular intervals on overlapping sheets of metal. Spot welding is primarily used for joining parts that are normally up to 3 mm in thickness. The joint quality can be defined in terms of properties such as weld-bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion.The objective of the research is to determine the optimum combination of parameters responsible for better quality of joints. The complicated behavior of the process must be analyzed to set the optimum parameters to get the optimum weld quality. The paper also presents the FEA simulation of the RSW process.

The present paper aims to increase knowledge of the methods of resistance estimating of concrete in situ by means of non-destructive tests used to integrate the quantitative results from cylindrical specimens (core). The results of experimental investigations carried out on concrete conglomerate samples of a school building are shown. The experimental campaign then will be presented like a case study, conducted on a series of concrete beams and pillars of an existing building. The expression obtained through the calibration procedure of the values of non-destructive tests with those provided by the core drills allowed to estimate the average values of the compressive strength of the concrete. It is highlighted how this result was achieved with a very limited core number that are extracted in randomly selected points and that there was a proportionality link with the resistances obtained from non-destructive tests.

Conventional methods for determining the moisture content, liquid limit and plastic limit of soil are tedious, time consuming and expensive in nature. But these properties have vital effects on the foundation of any type of structure. Among all geophysical methods, soil electrical resistivity measurement is one of the convenient one. In this study samples were collected from four locations at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) to conduct sieve analysis, liquid and plastic limit test using Cone penetration and Rolling Thread test. Soil electric resistivity has non-linear inversely proportional relationship with water content. From the transition point of steep and gentle gradient plastic limits and from the transition point of gentle gradient and saturation line, liquid limits of soil are determined. Predicted liquid limits and plastic limits of soil were compared with the values obtained from conventional tests. The difference between the liquid limit and plastic limit predicted from the resistivity method were found to be 3.30%-15.53% and 6.47%-17.97% in comparison to the conventional method [1].

In the current circumstances, there is a significant need for long-term improvement in the cement industry, according to the findings. Moreover, Cement production consumes a lot of energy, therefore finding a waste product that may replace cement is a smart idea for the environment. As we know due to the modern lifestyle, advances in industry and technology have resulted in a significant increase in the amount and variety of waste produced in recent decades. Annually, the problem of debris accumulation arises all across the world. In order to reduce this, large scale paper production produces a large amount of sludge annually, which can be used to some degree in cement because of the similar properties of hypo-sludge to cement. The analysis has been subjected to the results are compressive strength of concrete after 7 and 28 days, split tensile strength of concrete after 28 days, flexural strength of concrete after 28 days and coefficient of permeability for cement after 28 days. Aim and objectives are to achieve target strength of M20 grade, replacing OPC cement by hypo-sludge and steel fibers. Percentage of Hypo-sludge are 10 and 20 percent by mass of cement and another mix with constant HS 10 % + fraction steel fibers 0.5 % and 1 %. Additionally, properties of steel fibers are using 30 mm length and aspect fraction 60. For this research lab experiment water cement ratio in hypo-sludge was .43-.45 and for steel fiber ratio was .5. Total 36 cubes were casted with 150mm length, 150 mm height and 150mm breadth, in the Observation for compressive strength and result evaluated after curing cubes at seven and twenty-eight days, total 36 cylinder of size 150mm and 300mm height had casted for evaluating the tensile strength and total eighteen beams had casted for flexural strength result calculated on 28th day of curing

In this study, using Harfang Code 32 device, the slag catcher pipelines in one of the South Pars phases were tested. In radiography method of these lines, no clear defect was observed in radiographic films due to the high thickness of 40 mm. However, marvelous results were obtained using advanced ultrasonic. Review and analysis of the results will result in high potential of three-dimensional ultrasonic method in identifying defects in pipelines with high thicknesses and preventing financial and life-threatening risks during the use of these refineries in the future.

In this study, using Harfang Code 32 device, the slag catcher pipelines in one of the South Pars phases were tested. In radiography method of these lines, no clear defect was observed in radiographic films due to the high thickness of 40 mm. However, marvelous results were obtained using advanced ultrasonic. Review and analysis of the results will result in high potential of three-dimensional ultrasonic method in identifying defects in pipelines with high thicknesses and preventing financial and life-threatening risks during the use of these refineries in the future.

The internal structure of marble is investigated. A precise measurement of the speeds of longitudinal and moving waves in marble samples. The internal structure of samples is visualised and localised microcracks. The geometric sizes of the microcracks are determined. Using the obtained velocity values, the Young's modulus and porosity were calculated. According to the research and calculations, the effectiveness of using marble as a facing stone in urban and industrial areas was made.

The hygrothermal behaviour of an internally insulated historic wall is still hard to predict, mainly because the physical characteristics of the materials composing the historic wall are unknown. In this study, the hygrothermal assessment of an internally thermal insulated masonry wall of an historic palace located in Ferrara, in Italy, is shown. In situ non-destructive monitoring method is combined with a hygrothermal simulation tool, aiming to better analyse and discuss future refurbishment scenarios. In this context, the original U-value of the wall (not refurbished) is decreased from 1.44 W/m 2 K to 0.26 W/m 2 K (10 cm stone wool). Under the site specific conditions of this wall, not reached by the sun or rain, it was verified that even in the absence of vapour barrier, no frost damage is likely to occur and the condensation risk is very limited. Authors proposed further discussion based on simulation. The results showed that the introduction of a second gypsum board to the studied technology compensated such absence, while the reduction of the insulation material thickness provides a reduction of RH peaks in the interstitial area by 1%; this second solution proved to be more efficient, providing a 3% RH reduction and the avoidance of further thermal losses.

Flare stacks are a key element in the safety of petrochemical and refinery industries; the correct operating conditions thereof must be ensured through a schedule for the periodic reviewing of all parts thereof. Advances in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) in recent years and the application thereof to this field allow reliable, objective information to be obtained. This article describes and groups together the main applicable NDT techniques, analysing their advantages and disadvantages, updated with the new possibilities offered by unmanned aircraft or drones.

Nondestructive Testing (NDT) and Evaluation (NDE) allows materials and components to be inspected and assessed without damage to them. TXNDT training classes teach you variety of Nondestructive Inspection(NDI) techniques.
Find more details at http://www.txndt.com/what-is-ndt/

Radiographic non-destructive examination of the round timber became a popular
technique in the middle of the twentieth century when radiography was first applied to
study the structure of materials.
The X-ray television testing equipment is widely used in non-destructive inspection
for a long time, but up to now, this equipment was not applied to find the heartwood rot
in wood sticks of any diameter.
This article analyzes the innovative method of non-destructive testing of low-quality
wood, which was performed using the portable X-ray television testing system.
Furthermore, it provides positive results of experimental investigations. In addition,
this article describes possibility of taking quality images of the internal structure of
wood, as well as possibility of the automated image processing

The present paper aims to increase knowledge of the methods of resistance estimating of concrete in situ by means of non-destructive tests used to integrate the quantitative results from cylindrical specimens (core). The results of experimental investigations carried out on concrete conglomerate samples of a school building are shown. The experimental campaign then will be presented like a case study, conducted on a series of concrete beams and pillars of an existing building. The expression obtained through the calibration procedure of the values of non-destructive tests with those provided by the core drills allowed to estimate the average values of the compressive strength of the concrete. It is highlighted how this result was achieved with a very limited core number that are extracted in randomly selected points and that there was a proportionality link with the resistances obtained from non-destructive tests.

With a modest beginning in the year 1995, Spectro has grown steadily to become India's foremost Analytical Laboratory with 9 Branches/Joint Ventures in different parts of the country. It has also got Joint Venture laboratories abroad. Spectro is also involved in the field of providing Calibration services. It is the only lab in this part of the country having NABL Accreditation in Six fields i.e. Electrical Testing and Calibration for: Electro-Technical, Mechanical, Thermal, Chemical Testing, Mechanical Testing, Biological Testing, Non-Destructive Testing. Spectro also undertakes Third Party Inspection for Quality, Quantity & Packaging besides Pre-dispatch Shipment Inspections. It offers Consultancy Services for setting up of laboratory, ETP Designing & Maintenance, undertakes Environment, RLA, NDT and Failure Studies.