Power Energy

Stereo vision is one of the interesting research topics in the computer vision field. Two cameras are used to generate a disparity map, resulting in the depth estimation. Camera calibration is the most important step in stereo vision. The calibration step is used to generate an intrinsic parameter of each camera to get a better disparity map. In general, the calibration process is done manually by using a chessboard pattern, but this process is an exhausting task. Self-calibration is an important ability required to overcome this problem. Self-calibration required a robust and good matching algorithm to find the key feature between images as reference. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of three matching algorithms for the autocalibration process. The matching algorithms used in this research are SIFT, SURF, and ORB. The result shows that SIFT performs better than other methods.

The contribution of embedded generation to the connected capacity of the power system is increasing. In order to make best use of this resource, splitting the distribution network, also known as islanding, is being considered by some utilities. Operating the ...

This paper presents the design of an Adaptive Light Dimmer based on the method of sensingambient light content to adjust lamp's light intensity accordingly, and thus regulating the room's light content. The device is designed to work with renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. This would be useful in less developed countries where AC electricity is not well spread and renewable DC sources, such as solar, can be better utilized. It functions by using the TSL2561 light sensor, ATTiny85 microcontroller to output PWM to the LED driver, LT3795 LED driver to output current to an LED and LT3014 LDO to lower the input voltage and power the microcontroller and sensor. The dimmer is designed to work with a 48V input voltage and operate from an input light range of

In this paper has been tried to optimize the solar energy in a new way according to the increasing importance of renewable energies and a sample biaxial sun tracker is built. There are three algorithms for tracking the Sun: first algorithm, move the plane in circular coordinates in the small ranges, then find the point with the best voltage for its field of work and oriented to that and then repeat it again. Second algorithm, find the slope of the voltage and use it to find its way. Third algorithm is like second but use it to find some appropriate points that are distinctly in different times. It use non linear multi parameter relation with last mean square method for finding the altitude and predict where the Sun will be in the next step. This algorithm, apply this equation to positioning and then verify second algorithm for confidence We attempted to optimize these algorithms and utilize them in our device. The mechanism for this work programmed with a digital program that has been used in the control system. Position of the Sun has been calculated and error points will reveal during routine activities of system.

Anti-islanding protection schemes currently enforce the DGs to disconnect immediately for grid faults through loss of grid (LOG) protection system. This greatly reduces the benefits of DG deployment. For preventing disconnection of DGs during LOG, several islanding protection schemes are being developed. Their main objectives are to detect LOG and disconnect the DGs from the utility. This allows the DGs to operate as power islands suitable for maintaining uninterruptible power supply to critical loads. A major challenge for the islanding protection schemes is the protection co-ordination of distribution systems with bi-directional fault current flows. This is unlike the conventional overcurrent protection for radial systems with unidirectional fault current flow. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of various islanding protection schemes that are being developed, tested and validated through extensive research activities across the globe.

... S.Thanakodi**, MS Majid* , F.Hussin* * Center of Electrical Energy Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia ... REFERENCES [1] A Photovoltaic Array Simulation Model for Matlab-Simulink GUI Environment, by Yun Tiam Tan, Student Member ...

This paper presents the development of single phase sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) microcontroller-based inverter. The attractiveness of this configuration is the used of a microcontroller to generate sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) pulses. Microcontroller is able to store the required commands to generate the necessary waveforms to control the frequency of the inverter through proper design of switching pulses. The SPWM technique was used to produce pure sinusoidal wave of voltage and current output. This inverter is designed to be either for stand-alone or for grid connected from a direct supply of photovoltaic (PV) cells. In this paper SPWM switching technique is first reviewed. Subsequently control circuit and power circuit for inverter are discussed. Finally the experimental results are discussed. The 200 W designed prototype of the inverter was tested with the resistive load and found that total harmonic distortion (THD) is less than 4% for voltage and 8% for current.

This paper presents the analysis of Fuzzy Logic controller for permanent magnet brushless DC motor drive. The brushless direct current (BLDC) motor is efficiently controlled by Fuzzy logic controller compare to the other type of controllers. The dynamic characteristics of the brushless dc motor such as speed, torque, currents and voltages of the inverter components are easily observed and analyzed by using the developed Matlab model. To verify the effectiveness of the controller the simulation results are compared with experimental results.

After two decades of phasor network deployment, phasor measurements are now available at many major substations and power plants. The North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI), supported by the US Department of Energy and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), provides a forum to facilitate cultivating the efforts in phasor technology in North America and globally. Phasor applications have been explored and some are in today's utility practice. The IEEE C37.118 Standard is a milestone in standardizing phasor measurements and defining performance requirements. To comply with the IEEE C37.118 and to better understand the impact of phasor quality on applications, the NASPI Performance and Standards Task Team (PSTT) has prepared two comprehensive documents which leverage prior industry work (esp. in WECC) and international experience. The first document describes PMU testing based on both IEEE C37.118 requirements and required dynamic performance tests. The second document describes characterization of PMUs and instrumentation channels based on practical information. This paper summarizes the accomplished PSTT work and presents the methods for phasor measurement evaluation to assure consistent PMU system performance.

Fire is an oxidation reaction of the three elements (fuel, oxygen, heat) that can result in loss of property, injury, even death. Electricity potential that may results on fire is the short circuit current that occurs on the equipments and electrical installation cables. The remaining wires at the first fire location are subject to fire damage and can cause electrical short circuit. The purpose of this study is to analyze the short-circuit electrical deformation of copper cable using SEM EDS and MICRO XRF instrument. Based on the study result, there is a dominant change of oxygen elements in single cable and fiber sample causing fire that is 35.96% and 21.24%, those values are higher than Oxygen on a burned short-circuited cable that is 19.54% and 12.1%. The microstructure of the cable that causes fire looks like irregular clumps whereas the burned cable looks like a clump of clumps.

The real-time voltage stability analysis (RTVSA) project is slated to be a part of the suite of computational tools needed for congestion management in the California ISO (CAISO). This is because the problems of voltage stability will be magnified by the effects of multi-transfers through the network. These simultaneous transfers are manifest due to the buying and selling of electric power when the point of production and the point of delivery may be in geographically distant locations in the CAISO control area. The voltage analysis methods described here include the development of advanced functions such as the exact calculation of point of collapse (PoC) using continuation power flow, the identification of weak elements, the automatic selection of remedial actions and the development of operating nomograms. The RTVSA tool will be integrated with EMS and use results from the state estimator. The RTVSA application is scheduled to go online in the 3rd quarter of 2008.

This paper discusses the development of a load component database for household appliances and office equipment. To develop more accurate load models at both the transmission and distribution levels, a better understanding of the behaviors of home appliances and office equipment associated with the variations of the power system voltage becomes more and more critical. The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has performed a series of voltage tests against home appliances and office equipment since 2005. Since 2006, researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have collaborated with BPA personnel and developed a load component database based on the appliance testing results to facilitate load modeling work for the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). In this paper, the testing procedure and results are first presented. Then, the load model parameters are derived and grouped. Recommendations are given for aggregating the individual appliance models to the feeder level, the models of which are used for distribution and transmission level studies.