Pulp

Little is known about the performance of South African cactus pear varieties in different agro-ecological regions. Effects of locality on internal quality parameters of available cactus pear varieties were examined. With only one exception, no significant differences among the mean replication values for the different parameters between the different locations were observed. The differences between mean values for most individual parameters at the three localities were highly significant. Highly significant differences between the mean values for the measured characteristics were observed, not only among the locations (except for the pulp glucose values), but also for the influences of genotype and interaction between locality and genotype. Significant variations existed between mean values of the different characteristics between localities. Genotype x environmental interactions were noted. It was concluded that Meyers is the most appropriate cultivar for economical purposes in Sou...

Pulp's so-called working-class anthem "Common People" positions itself in a twofold way towards the concept of authenticity, namely constructing and deconstructing it at the same time. Ths paper examines the different versions of "Common People", including the official music video, two live recordings, and of course the lyrics.

The effect of high-pressure (HP) treatment (100–400 MPa for 15 or 30 min at 20 °C) on the rheological characteristics and colour of fresh and canned mango pulps was evaluated. Differences were observed in the rheological behaviour of fresh and canned mango pulps treated with HP. Shear stress–shear rate data of pulps were well described by the Herschel–Bulkley model. The consistency index (K) of fresh pulp increased with pressure level from 100 to 200 MPa while a steady decrease was noticed for canned pulp. For fresh pulp the flow behaviour index decreased with pressure treatment whereas an increasing trend was observed with canned pulp. Storage and loss moduli of treated fresh pulp with HP increased linearly with angular frequency up to 200 MPa for a treatment time of 30 min while a steady decreasing trend was found for processed pulp. No significant variation in colour was observed during pressure treatment.

Linear Programming is a family of mathematical programming that is concerned with the allocation of scarce or limited resources i.e. raw materials, partially finished products, labour, investment capital or time to several competing activities on the basis of given optimality. It is employed in operation research for the purpose of optimization of linear functions subject to linear equality and inequality constraint. An optimal allocation may be one that maximizes some measure of benefit or utility, such as profit, or minimizes some measure of cost. The technique of linear programming is used in wide range of applications, including agriculture, industry, transportation, economic, health system, social science, and military. In this paper we will solve a linear programming problem using python language. As an analyst, we try to find a good optimal solution for the decision maker to make a final decision. Our attempt is to give the mathematical description of the product-mix optimization problem. The objective of this paper is to find the best mix that maximizes profit. To obtain the solution to this Linear program, we have to write a short program in Python to call PuLP’s modeling functions, which will then call a solver. Then we will obtain the graph using python commands, which will give the shaded area enclosed by the constraints called feasible region, which is the set of points satisfying all the constraints. To find the optimal solution we look at the lines of equal profits to find the corner of the feasible region which yield the highest profit. This corner can be found out at the farthest line of equal profit which still touches the feasible region.

ABSTRAK Penggunaan pulp dan kertas di Indonesia hingga saat ini masih dominan menggunakan kayu alam sebagai bahan baku untuk diambil selulosanya. Dominasi ini beakibat buruk terhadap lingkungan dan berpeluang sangat besar terjadinya deforestasi. Pada makalah ini akan membahas mengenai pengolahan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) menjadi Pulp/Paper sehingga makalah ini akan menjadi media pembelajaran yang akan membuka peluang potensi dan kerangka berfikir untuk menjadikan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) sebagai pengganti kayu alam dalam pembuatan kertas. PENDAHULUAN Salah satu komoditas unggulan Indonesia yaitu kelapa sawit sangat memiliki andil yang signifikan bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Indonesia saat ini berada pada posisi pertama sebagai negara penghasil CPO terbesar di dunia. Pertanian dan perkebunan kelapa sawit untuk pembangunan pabrik kelapa sawit masih menjadi peluang bisnis yang sangat menjanjikan karena salah satu faktor pertumbuhan kelapa sawit yaitu faktor iklim atau cuaca yang sesuai dengan iklim tropis di Indonesia sehingga memungkinkan kelapa sawit tumbuh dengan baik di wilayah Indonesia (suandi, 2016). Salah satu tujuan yang menjadi penentu dalam keberhasilan usaha pengolahan dan perkebunan kelapa sawit serta juga merupakan hasil utama yang ingin diperolah ialah minyak sawit mentah atau crude palm oil (CPO), minyak inti sawit atau palm kernel oil (PKO) dan produk sampingnya yang berupa serabut, cangkang, dan tandan kososng kelapa sawit (TKKS) (ekaprasetya, 2006) Banyak contoh yang berkaitan dengan pengolahan kelapa sawit salah satunya yang dilakukan Nazarudin mengenai penelitian tentang pengolahan sawit yang berfokus pada proses pengolahan minyak sawit mentah atau crude palm oil (CPO) menjadi bahan bakar bakar nabati atau biofuel dengan proses perengkahan menggunakan katalis Cr-zeolit alam. Terdapat juga penelitian beliau yang merupakan lanjutan dari penelitian sebelumnya mengenai pengaruh penambahan logam alkali (K, Li, Na) dalam katalis Cr-Zeolit Alam terhadap koversi minyak sawit mentah atau crude palm oil (CPO) menjadi bensin. Contoh lain dalam pemanfaatan produk kelapa sawit yaitu memanfaatkan produk turunannya berupa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Salah satu penelitian Nazarudin yang berfokus pada pengolahan Tanda Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) adalah mengkonversinya menjadi Bio-Oil dengan proses pyrolysis. Juga beliau pernah melakukan studi sintesis katalis Cr / SiO2 dari limbah arang pabrik kelapa sawit. Contoh lainnya yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Alfernando, penelitian ini berfokus pada pengoptimalan pengolahan minyak sawit mentah atau crude palm oil (CPO) menjadi bahan bakar cair dengan memperhatikan pengaruh perubahan suhu terhadap kinerja karbon aktif. Produk turunan kelapa sawit yaitu Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) memiliki pasokan yang sangat melimpah atau hampir sama dengan rendemen minyak sawit mentah atau crude palm oil (CPO) (erwinsyah dkk, 2007). Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) adalah salah satu bahan baku untuk material atau bahan baku lainnya. Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) memiliki unsurr yang sama seperti tanaman kayu atau tanaman lain pada umumnya yaitu mengandung unsur kimiawi lemak, selulosa, lignin, dan hemiselulosa. Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) sangat memiliki potensi untuk menjadi bahan baku serat non-kayu untuk pembuatan pulp dan kertas. Serta pengelolaan "limbah" Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dapat memberikan nilai guna bagi perindustrian kelapa sawit. Potensi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Perkembangan perkebunan dan industry kelapa sawit sangat pesat belakangan ini. Dalam proses pengolahan kelapa sawit, pabrik kelapa sawit menghasilkan produk utama serta juga terdapat hasil produk samping berupa 'limbah'. Limbah tersebut teridir dari limbah cair, padat, dan gas. Limbah cari merupakan limbah yang dihasilkan dari pengukusan dan buangan hidrosiklon. Limbah padat yaitu berupa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, cangkang, dan sludge.

Tropical pulpy juices play an important role in nutrition as an excellent base for low-calorie and dietetic products. Goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is one of the most promising exotic fruits and many interesting functional products could be developed from these berries. In this work we are reporting, for the first time, on the chemical composition and some physicochemical parameters of the goldenberry fruit juice. We have also investigated how some of these properties are affected by enzymatic treatment and pasteurisation. By enzymation, not only is the yield of juice increased, but also the macro- and micro-components. Application of enzymes, moreover, leads to juices with higher pulp content, higher acidity and higher total soluble solids. On the other side, enzyme-treated juices were characterised by lower alcohol-soluble solids and pH values. Water- and fat-soluble bioactives were estimated in appreciable amounts in the juice. The antioxidative potential of different processed juices was assessed by means of bleaching of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and the resulting values were correlated with each of the antioxidant compounds. The results obtained can be considered very satisfactory and the juice could be widely appreciated when compared with other products commonly available on the market. The data are helpful for the optimisation of goldenberry juice production. It was the purpose to present a comprehensive assessment of the goldenberry juice and to address the potential for its delivery in functional drinks. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

Now a day, the dependency of mankind on polythene has grown to larger extent because of its wide applications in storing food without allowing the moisture inside the packing and also as carry bags. But polythene is a non-biodegradable material which when buried in the soil doesn’t decompose. Because of this reason the soil looses it’s fertility due to the toxic chemicals it release by the action of temperature and also killing the micro organisms that are essential in the soil. In view of this, several attempts were made in recent years to develop paper that can show the oil proof as that of polythene. This project involves not the production of paper but the basic raw material for paper production that is pulp from banana plant (abundantly available on earth). Later this pulp can be blended with pulp obtained from bamboo which is less abundant, to obtain oil proof paper. The reason behind the selection of banana as raw material is, in banana plantations, after the fruits are harve...

The rationale of this study is to compare the levels of different antioxidants present in commercially important tomato cultivars of India, specifically developed to grow in high altitude and plain regions. Major antioxidant components like lycopene, ascorbic acid, phenolics, and quenching capacity of free radicals were analysed in different fractions of tomato fruit, i.e., skin, pulp, and seed fractions. Significant differences in antioxidant components were observed among the fractions of the different cultivars studied. Lycopene content was found to be more in high altitude cultivars (‘Sindhu’ and ‘Shalimar’); however, ascorbic acid and phenolic content were found to be higher in plain region cultivars (‘PKM1’ and ‘CO3’). To evaluate the antioxidant capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were performed. High altitude cultivars showed 10–15% higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity and 20–30% increase in FRAP than the plain region cultivars. Among the different fruit fractions analysed, skin showed the highest level of antioxidants levels and free radical scavenging activities in all the cultivars tested. The difference in the antioxidants level and activity may be attributed to the genetic variability of the cultivars.

Phytochemical and biological screening is necessary for the isolation of functional groups which lead to the discovery of new active compounds. In the present work, the crude aqueous extract of Daucus carota were tested for phytochemical screening and HPLC analysis which indicated the presence of various class of bioactive secondary metabolite such as terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and glycosides. HPLC analysis was performed to quantify the β-carotene content in pulp and aerial extract of Daucus carota.

Rheological, thermal and structural changes in high pressure (HP) treated Basmati rice flour dispersions were studied as function of pressure level (350–650 MPa), slurry concentration (with 1:5, 1:3 and 1:2 flour-to-water ratios) and holding time (7.5–15 min). Rice flour dispersions exhibited a gradual liquid–solid gel transformation as they gelatinized and/or denatured and behaved as viscoelastic fluid following HP treatment. Mechanical strength (G′) of pressurized gel increased with applied pressure and rice concentration. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermograms of rice slurry measured after pressure treatment indicated a reduction in peak enthalpy in proportion with the extent of gelatinization and/or denaturation of starch and proteins. Pressure-treated rice samples had a progressively lower gelatinization temperature. A 15 min pressure treatment at 550 MPa was found sufficient to complete gelatinization of protein free isolated rice starch while the slurry required 650 MPa. The presence of proteins might have been responsible for the slower starch gelatinization in the rice slurry during pressure treatment. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results indicated some minor changes in protein subunits and secondary structure of rice protein. This study has provided complementary information on pressure-induced changes in physical (thermal stability, overall structure) and molecular level (secondary structure) of rice protein.