Palm

In situations where the accumulation of internal heat limits physical performance, enhanced heat extraction from the body should improve performance capacity. The combined application of local subatmospheric pressure (35–45 mmHg) to an entire hand (to increase blood volume) and a heat sink (18–22°C) to the palmar surface were used to draw heat out of the circulating blood. Subjects walked uphill (5.63 km/h) on a treadmill in a 40°C environment. Slopes of the treadmill were held constant during paired experimental trials (with and without the device). Heat extraction attenuated the rate of esophageal temperature rise during exercise (2.1 ± 0.4° and 2.9 ± 0.5°C/h, mean ± SE, with and without the device, respectively; n = 8) and increased exercise duration (46.1 ± 3.4 and 32.3 ± 1.7 min with and without the device, respectively; n = 18). Hand cooling alone had little effect on exercise duration (34.1 ± 3.0, 38.0 ± 3.5, and 57.0 ± 6.4 min, for control, cooling only, and cooling, and sub...

Plants can provide biologically active molecules and lead structures for the development of modified derivatives with enhanced activity and reduced toxicity. Argemone Mexicana posses an active constituent that give it the antibacterial  efficiency, phytoconstituent like Flavanoid, Tannin Terpenoids and Alkaloid that are present in both extract (Aqueous and Ethanol) while Saponin and Glycoside are only found in the Aqueous extract. The Antimicrobial activity of the plant showed that the two extract were active against all microbial strain making the plant a good antibiotics for gastrointestinal diseases.

ABSTRAK Penggunaan pulp dan kertas di Indonesia hingga saat ini masih dominan menggunakan kayu alam sebagai bahan baku untuk diambil selulosanya. Dominasi ini beakibat buruk terhadap lingkungan dan berpeluang sangat besar terjadinya deforestasi. Pada makalah ini akan membahas mengenai pengolahan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) menjadi Pulp/Paper sehingga makalah ini akan menjadi media pembelajaran yang akan membuka peluang potensi dan kerangka berfikir untuk menjadikan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) sebagai pengganti kayu alam dalam pembuatan kertas. PENDAHULUAN Salah satu komoditas unggulan Indonesia yaitu kelapa sawit sangat memiliki andil yang signifikan bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Indonesia saat ini berada pada posisi pertama sebagai negara penghasil CPO terbesar di dunia. Pertanian dan perkebunan kelapa sawit untuk pembangunan pabrik kelapa sawit masih menjadi peluang bisnis yang sangat menjanjikan karena salah satu faktor pertumbuhan kelapa sawit yaitu faktor iklim atau cuaca yang sesuai dengan iklim tropis di Indonesia sehingga memungkinkan kelapa sawit tumbuh dengan baik di wilayah Indonesia (suandi, 2016). Salah satu tujuan yang menjadi penentu dalam keberhasilan usaha pengolahan dan perkebunan kelapa sawit serta juga merupakan hasil utama yang ingin diperolah ialah minyak sawit mentah atau crude palm oil (CPO), minyak inti sawit atau palm kernel oil (PKO) dan produk sampingnya yang berupa serabut, cangkang, dan tandan kososng kelapa sawit (TKKS) (ekaprasetya, 2006) Banyak contoh yang berkaitan dengan pengolahan kelapa sawit salah satunya yang dilakukan Nazarudin mengenai penelitian tentang pengolahan sawit yang berfokus pada proses pengolahan minyak sawit mentah atau crude palm oil (CPO) menjadi bahan bakar bakar nabati atau biofuel dengan proses perengkahan menggunakan katalis Cr-zeolit alam. Terdapat juga penelitian beliau yang merupakan lanjutan dari penelitian sebelumnya mengenai pengaruh penambahan logam alkali (K, Li, Na) dalam katalis Cr-Zeolit Alam terhadap koversi minyak sawit mentah atau crude palm oil (CPO) menjadi bensin. Contoh lain dalam pemanfaatan produk kelapa sawit yaitu memanfaatkan produk turunannya berupa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Salah satu penelitian Nazarudin yang berfokus pada pengolahan Tanda Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) adalah mengkonversinya menjadi Bio-Oil dengan proses pyrolysis. Juga beliau pernah melakukan studi sintesis katalis Cr / SiO2 dari limbah arang pabrik kelapa sawit. Contoh lainnya yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Alfernando, penelitian ini berfokus pada pengoptimalan pengolahan minyak sawit mentah atau crude palm oil (CPO) menjadi bahan bakar cair dengan memperhatikan pengaruh perubahan suhu terhadap kinerja karbon aktif. Produk turunan kelapa sawit yaitu Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) memiliki pasokan yang sangat melimpah atau hampir sama dengan rendemen minyak sawit mentah atau crude palm oil (CPO) (erwinsyah dkk, 2007). Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) adalah salah satu bahan baku untuk material atau bahan baku lainnya. Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) memiliki unsurr yang sama seperti tanaman kayu atau tanaman lain pada umumnya yaitu mengandung unsur kimiawi lemak, selulosa, lignin, dan hemiselulosa. Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) sangat memiliki potensi untuk menjadi bahan baku serat non-kayu untuk pembuatan pulp dan kertas. Serta pengelolaan "limbah" Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dapat memberikan nilai guna bagi perindustrian kelapa sawit. Potensi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Perkembangan perkebunan dan industry kelapa sawit sangat pesat belakangan ini. Dalam proses pengolahan kelapa sawit, pabrik kelapa sawit menghasilkan produk utama serta juga terdapat hasil produk samping berupa 'limbah'. Limbah tersebut teridir dari limbah cair, padat, dan gas. Limbah cari merupakan limbah yang dihasilkan dari pengukusan dan buangan hidrosiklon. Limbah padat yaitu berupa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, cangkang, dan sludge.

β-carotene is the main source of pro-vitamin A and is widely used as a food colorant, with a global market estimated to surpass USD 280 million in 2015. The majority of the β-carotene commercialized in the world is obtained by chemical synthesis from β-ionone. Alternatively, the production of β-carotene can be reached on a biotechnological basis, using filamentous fungi, bacteria,

While dealing with texts that have been handed down to us by tradition, a constant concern should be to understand the exact conditions of the successive material embodiments through which these texts have been existing, before being transferred to a new support, like what happens for instance when a collection of Classical Tamil poems, that was available at a time on a palm-leaf MS, is transferred onto a book by an editor, and eventually becomes a digital file, kept on a server, on the Internet. Drawing inspiration from a recent book on Early Tamil Epigraphy [2003] by the great scholar Iravatham Mahadevan, I would like to examine here the implication for all who are interested in Tamil MSS, of the distinction which is to be done between Apparent Reading (henceforth AR) and Intended Reading (henceforth IR), and emphasize the importance of dealing with these two dimensions separately, in two different phases of the decipherment.

Natural fibers like palm fibers provides new hope for researchers to compete with hazardous synthetic
fibers with its excellent chemical and physical properties This work investigates the extraction of various
fibers that are available from various portions of the palm tree and to characterize its chemical and
physical properties. Also the results were compared with other natural fibers.

Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) have been implicated in transmission of phytoplasmas that cause lethal decline in palms. Surveys of insects feeding on palms located in Florida resulted in the discovery of Omolicna joi sp. nov., described here. Patara albida (Hemiptera: Derbidae), a palm feeder, has become established in South Florida. Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), the proven vector of the phytoplasma that causes lethal yellows (LY ), was thought to be restricted to the southern tier of Florida counties, thus limiting the distribution of LY . We found that H. crudus can overwinter consistently as far north as Gainesville (N 29.63380° W -82.37200°). Thus, the northern limit of LY might be a function of the physiology of the pathogens rather than the distribution of the vector.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiling revealed genetic diversity among three populations ofLicuala glabra var. glabra, an understorey palm growing in the dipterocarp forests of Terengganu, Malaysia. The Bukit Bauk population had individuals without aerial stems. The Bukit Besi individuals had stem heights to 30 cm, while those of the Rasau Kerteh population had stems up to 4 m in height. Southern blot analysis confirmed that an apparent monomorphic band generated by the primer OPU-17 among the three ...

Smallanthus sonchifolius has tuberous roots containing large amounts of fructo-oligosaccharides and its medicinal use has increased due to the hypoglycemic properties reported for this species. An efficient system for propagation via somatic embryogenesis is reported using petiole segments cultivated on MS medium supplemented with combinations of BA, kinetin and 2,4-D, under light and darkness conditions. Embryogenic callus was formed in most of the treatments; however, somatic embryogenesis was promoted by the presence of light. Clusters of somatic embryos appeared on callus surface after 50 days of culture. The highest number of embryos was produced on 0.45 µM BA and 4.5 µM 2,4-D. Embryogenic calli were maintained on MS medium containing 4.5 µM BA and 0.045 µM 2,4-D. Embryos converted on hormone-free half-strength MS medium with 2 g.L-1 activated charcoal and plantlets were transferred to non-sterile conditions for acclimatization, showing 100% of survival.

Acid sulfate, peat, sandy podzolic, and saline soils are widely distributed in the lowlands of Thailand and Malaysia. The nutrient concentrations in the leaves of plants grown in these type of soils were studied with the aim of developing a nutritional strategy for adapting to such problem soils. In sago and oil palms that were well-adapted to peat soil, the N, P, and K concentrations were the same in the mature leaves, while the Ca, Mg, Na, and Fe concentrations were higher in the mature leaves of the oil palm than of the sago palm. Melastoma malabathricum and Melaleuca cajuputi plants that were well-adapted to low pH soils, peat. and acid sulfate soils were also studied. It was observed that a high amount of Al accumulated in the M. marabathricum leaves, while Al did not accumulate in M. cajuputi leaves. M. cajuputi plants accumulated large amounts of Na in their leaves or stems regardless of the exchangeable Na concentration in the soil, while M. malabathricum that was growing in...

Seed predation on Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes) O'Kuntze, 1891(Arecaceae) palm by Pachymerus nucleorum Fabricius, 1972 was evaluated from September 2003 to September 2005 at the Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba (PNRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The biology and behaviour of P. nucleorum on A. arenaria and predation rates were described. Fruits found beneath 50 palms were collected, monthly, for each one of the two sampled areas at PNRJ (ridge forest and Clusia Sclthdl (Clusiaceae) open shrubland formation). The evaluation of preyed fruits was done by counting exit holes of Bruchinae in the field, the emergence of these insects in the laboratory and from fruits dissected. It was verified that Pachymerus nucleorum oviposit on young developing infrutescences, different from literature records for other palm species, for which oviposition takes place on the fruit already on the ground. Fruit predation by P. nucleorum was 29.3% at ridge forest and 20.6% at Clusia open shrubland formation. The life cycle of P. nucleorum was long and with wide range of variation within samples, what suggests a possible diapause in some stage of life cycle.