Mobile Communication

An assignment on development of Cellular mobile communication Generations, Namely, From 0 G to 5 G. Including a briefing on GSM, EDGE, AMPS, GPRS, And all others categories related to this field. This is totally a briefing that was just created in 15 min. ;)

This article reflects upon the impact that technology and innovation has had on urban development. From NASA's Landstat program, to Google maps and GPS, technlogy has had a significant impact on urban planning and land use law. The article begins with a discussion of the impact of the elevator and steel technologies on urban architecture and density, and then moves to changes in transportation such as the automobile and the development of public transportation systems. Green buildings, GIS, satellite data, online mapping, personal computers, the Internet and cell phones are all examined.

Data compression is one of the enabling technologies for the application of communication technology with ever growing Internet, explosive development of mobile communication and the ever-increasing impact of video communication to store the data in a compact way for minimum cost of storage and transmission. There are various compression techniques available which are capable of application specific large compression ratios.

Mobile has become a mainstream medium for news consumption on the go. To cater to the growing demand for mobile news, traditional news providers have switched from " mobile too " to " mobile first " strategies. To enhance mobile news communication, it is imperative for mobile news providers to stay abreast of mobile news consumers' changing expectations of mobile news experience in a news app. Equally imperative it is to identify the gap between news consumers' expectations and what mobile news experience is embedded in a mobile news app. Using a mobile experience index, we have located the venue and extent of the gap through conducting a survey of mobile news app users and a comparative analysis of indicators of mobile news experience in selected news apps. In our paper, we also offer our insightful analysis of the identified issues and causes.

The millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band is seen as a key enabler of multi-gigabit wireless access in future cellular networks. In order to overcome the propagation challenges, mmWave systems use a large number of antenna elements both at the base station and at the user equipment, which lead to high directivity gains, fully-directional communications, and possible noise-limited operations. The fundamental differences between mmWave networks and traditional ones challenge the classical design constraints, objectives, and available degrees of freedom. This paper addresses the implications that highly directional communication has on the design of an efficient medium access control (MAC) layer. The paper discusses key MAC layer issues, such as synchronization, random access, handover, channelization, interference management, scheduling, and association. The paper provides an integrated view on MAC layer issues for cellular networks, identifies new challenges and tradeoffs, and provides novel insights and solution approaches.

HCI research has explored mobile technologies to support social activity and to support greater feelings of connected- ness. Much of this has focused on different mobile devices, individual preferences and modes of use. Yet social activity and connectedness are about ongoing enactments of relation- ships across technologies. We propose the relational lens as a way to include a notion of relational tension in addition to individual preferences in the design and analysis of mobile communication technologies. We discuss three strategies people use to manage tensions in their relationships: selec- tion, segmentation and integration. Our data show that use of social technologies can at times destabilize social relations and occasion relational tensions, forcing users to renegotiate how they enact these relationships.

Abstract—This paper describes a 16-bit programmable fixed-point digital signal processor, called MDSP-II, for mobile commu-nication applications. The instruction set of MDSP-II was deter-mined after a careful analysis of the global system for mobile com-munications (GSM) baseband ...

Network and Internet applications are growing very fast since the need to secure these applications are very fast. For this purpose cryptography algorithms (symmetric & Asymmetric) are proposed. The use of relevant algorithm deals with the level of data safety in the cloud because data security in cloud computing is a serious issue as the data centres are located worldwide. Authentication is the most essential procedure to ensure cloud data in a secured manner. However, strong user authentication is the main requirement for cloud computing that reduces the unauthorized user access of data on the cloud. Data security is a more important issue in cloud computing. Thus, the need to ensure the safety of the information that is exchanged between the users and the cloud became more significant. Many security and authentication techniques have been proposed to secure the exchanged data. These techniques aim to keep the authentication, privacy and reliability levels of data. Here in this survey paper, some algorithms in cloud computing are discussed.

Mobile phones have been shown effective in several public health domains. However, there are few evaluations of the effectiveness of mobile health in health promotion. Also, although many studies have referenced behavioral theory, none appears to have explicitly tested theoretical assumptions or demonstrated mechanisms of change. More robust evaluation models that incorporate theory and measurement of behavioral mediators are needed. As in all public health programs, mobile health operates within a social ecological context. For example, organizational- and individual-level programs seek to influence health and health care practices and individual health behaviors. New programs such as Text4baby demonstrate how theory and explicit testing of mediators can be incorporated in evaluations. There are challenges and opportunities facing mHealth evaluations given the nature of the mobile channel. Mobile communication is ubiquitous, available at all times and places, and thus experimental control is often difficult. Natural experiments using variation in dosage of mHealth and place- or location-based designs may increase experimental control. Text4baby is a text messaging program that provides prenatal care messages to pregnant women and new mothers. It uses a partnership model with health care facilities often serving as local implementation partners. The authors review a case example of the evaluation of Text4baby at Madigan Army Medical Center. Participants were randomized to usual prenatal care plus text messaging or usual care alone. The evaluation has a theoretical model of behavior change and measures mediators as well as behavioral outcomes. Results will inform how behavioral theory works within mobile health programs.

Increased density of wireless devices, ever growing demands for extremely high data rate, and spectrum scarcity at microwave bands make the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies an important player in future wireless networks. However, mmWave communication systems exhibit severe attenuation, blockage, deafness, and may need microwave networks for coordination and fall-back support. To compensate for high attenuation, mmWave systems exploit highly directional operation, which in turn substantially reduces the interference footprint. The significant differences between mmWave networks and legacy communication technologies challenge the classical design approaches, especially at the medium access control (MAC) layer, which has received comparatively less attention than PHY and propagation issues in the literature so far. In this paper, the MAC layer design aspects of short range mmWave networks are discussed. In particular, we explain why current mmWave standards fail to fully exploit the potential advantages of short range mmWave technology, and argue for the necessity of new collision-aware hybrid resource allocation frameworks with on-demand control messages, the advantages
of a collision notification message, and the potential of multihop communication to provide reliable mmWave connections.

The Internet of Things vision has recently emerged as a result of a proliferation of a large number of networked consumer electronic devices. There is a growing need to autonomously monitor power consumption of these devices. We present a self-organizing distributed algorithm for the dynamic approximation of power consumption in networked consumer electronic devices.

The iPhone has revolutionized not only how people communicate but also how we consume and produce culture. Combining traditional and social media with mobile connectivity, smartphones have redefined and expanded the dimensions of everyday life, allowing individuals to personalize media as they move and process constant flows of data. Today, millions of consumers love and live by their iPhones, but what are the implications of its special technology on society, media, and culture?

Featuring an eclectic mix of original essays, Moving Data explores the iPhone as technological prototype, lifestyle gadget, and platform for media creativity. Media experts, cultural critics, and scholars consider the device’s newness and usability—even its “lickability”—and its “biographical” story. The book illuminates patterns of consumption; the fate of solitude against smartphone ubiquity; the economy of the App Store and its perceived “crisis of choice”; and the distance between the accessibility of digital information and the protocols governing its use. Alternating between critical and conceptual analyses, essays link the design of participatory media to the iPhone’s technological features and sharing routines, and they follow the extent to which the pleasures of gesture-based interfaces are redefining media use and sensory experience. They also consider how user-led innovations, collaborative mapping, and creative empowerment are understood and reconciled through changes in mobile surveillance, personal rights, and prescriptive social software. Presenting a range of perspectives and arguments, this book reorients the practice and study of media critique.

... [8] Aline Zeitunlian, Ramzi A. Haraty, “An Efficient Cache Replacement Strategy for the Hybrid Cache Consistency Approach”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 63, 2010. [9] G. Anandharaj, R. Anitha, “ A Power-Aware Low-Latency Cache Management ...

This work addresses analytically the impact of multi-cell, multi-operator interference on the overall radio resources when multiple operators co-exist and share a common pool of spectrum. We propose a centralised dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) scheme that is able to measure the interference level and interact dynamically to minimise interference and enhance spectrum utilisation while maintaining a satisfactory level of QoS. Furthermore, a concise system model and framework able to describe the interaction among different operators is presented.

New approach to manage congestion using vehicular communication is presented in this work. The research work using MATLAB simulation, tracked communicating vehicles travelling on roads with constant registration of changes in routes, number of hops, and energy consumed as a function of travelled distances. The area of travel and simulation is divided into blocks or zones to enable sufficient allocation and distribution of Road Side Units (RSUs) that are used to relay communication signals and transmission of Basic Safety Messages (BSMs). The successfully concluded simulation is based on the assumption that as congestion occurs, the number of hops per route and associated energy consumption per transmitted packets will change patterns in terms of hops, routes and consumed energy as traffic passes from low to smooth (optimal) to high density (congestion) states, where at the start of congestion, vehicles start to slow down and become closer to each other in a two dimensional space. The output is used as input to traffic status pattern characterization algorithm (management system) that uses the data to indicate the start of traffic accumulation, thus pre-emptive measures can be taken to avoid congestion and reduction in mobility. The presented analysis proved that it is possible to predict congestion as a function of both hops sequences and consumed energy, depending on the hops pattern which is shown to be symmetric in the case of optimum traffic that flows smoothly. The analysis also showed that when congestion starts to occur, asymmetric hops pattern occurs with hops sequences elements switch and swap places within the identified pattern. Further analysis and polynomial curve fitting proved that congestion control and smooth traffic management using the proposed approach is achievable.

The authors coin the term mGender to refer to the strand of mobile communication re search concerning the role of mobile phone use in gender construction processes. From a gender lens, they map out the landscape of extant scholarship, categorizing its historical progression into four phases. In general, the research focus has evolved from mobile phone use for doing gender to undoing gender to being without guarantees, culminating in contextualized interpretations of the part played by the phone. The authors suggest that future mGender research broaden the investigation, shifting from solely examining mobile mediated individual gender negotiation to understanding the transformation of gendered social power structures. Additionally, more inclusive constructions of mGender would allow for scholarly exploration of the possible social meanings embodied by mobile phone use of underrepresented social groups, such as LGBTQ communities, in their large ly ignored gender construction processes.

Si la llegada de Internet incorporó notables modificaciones en las
redacciones de los medios de comunicación, las redes sociales han producido
otra revolución dentro del desarrollo digital. Son unas herramientas
indiscutibles de difusión de contenidos pero también una plataforma de trabajo
para el periodista y de feedback con la ciudadanía. Después del impacto de los
blogs, las redes iniciaron una etapa con un nuevo espacio público de debate.
Entre las diversas redes sociales, este estudio selecciona dos como estudio
exploratorio, Twitter e Instagram, para concretar las diferentes dinámicas de
formatos informativos que se desarrollan entre las dos plataformas, así como
las micronarrativas que se impulsan desde ellas. Como conclusión, mientras
Twitter ha realizado una adaptación de géneros informativos a la propia red y
potencia todo tipo de formatos, además de una mayor continuidad informativa,
Instagram es más selectivo en los contenidos y o bien se potencia el valor de la
fotografía o se crean carrusel o cápsulas informativas en vídeo.

Today, mobile communications play a central role in the voice/data network arena. With the deployment of 3G just around the corner, new directions are already being researched. In this paper we address the evolution of mobile communications, from its first generation, 1G, to the latest 3G, and ...

The analysis and simulation of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation represent a crucial task in planning cellular networks for mobile communication. When an adequate building database is available, deterministic 3D ray tracing techniques are quite useful and accurate to face this problem, but since their computational complexity is time consuming, a preprocessing step is necessary. Such a step allows the practical use of 3D ray tracing simulations so as to achieve the same accuracy of the ray optical approach in short simulation time. The preprocessing phase is independent on the position of the transmitter’s antenna, consequently it can be run once and for all, independently on EM field strength simulations. This strategy makes the technique practical and useful in common cellular network design, such as UMTS cellular planning. During the preprocessing phase, the mutual visibility between the walls and edges of the buildings are pre-evaluated and stored: the mutual visibility is d...

Bumble brands itself as a feminist dating app that’s designed to empower women. According to Bumble’s website, the app was developed to “challenge the antiquated rules of dating” by requiring those who identify as women to initiate communication with men they match with.
But my research shows that Bumble, despite purporting to empower women, leaves many female users feeling frustrated and vulnerable. This disconnect can be linked in part to the ways in which many men engage with online dating apps.

With this article, I introduce the 'algorithmic fix' as a framework to analyze contemporary pla-cemaking practices. I discuss how algorithmic practices of placemaking govern and control mobilities. I theorize such practices as the 'algorithmic fix', where location determination technologies , data practices, and machine learning algorithms are used together to 'get a fix on' our whereabouts with the aim of sorting and classifying both people and places. Through a case study of location intelligence, I demonstrate how these digital placemaking practices do not only control and prevent physical mobilities-they are designed to fix who we are and whom we may become with the aim of creating a predictable future. I focus on geo-profiling, geo-fencing, and predictive policing as three key aspects of location intelligence to present a discussion of how 'algorithmic fix' as a framework can provide valuable insights to analyzing contemporary placemaking practices.