Quality Engineering

As technology is rapidly increasing day by day we can’t imagine without electricity as it plays a key role in our daily life. Power
transformer is a part in transmitting electricity and is the main component in any power system. It is static device wounded by iron
core, enclosed in a tank. The main operation of transformer is to transfer power. Quality of the power distributed depends on the
transformer because changing voltage is one of the functions of the transformer. The safe and stable operation of power system
depends on the transformer. The interruptions in transformer not only breaks the circuit but increases the risk of power outages in
grids of power systems, damages household equipments which causes inconvenience to the people’s life. Due to these reasons it
is essential to trace out different failures and failure modes of power transformers. It is important to identify the hidden failures or
dangers by using different statistical tools. A Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) is one such tool to analyze faults and failures of any
system. It is the most widely used model in fault diagnosis which integrates data and expert opinion to alleviate further decisions.
In this paper, BBN was modeled for all the failure mode of power transformer and a network was constructed by considering the
failure probabilities and conditional probabilities. The focus on the failure modes which having highest probability values as
indicated in Bayesian network may considerably enhance the overall performance of the transformer.

The ready-made garment (RMG) industries in Bangladesh have become very competitive to cope with the competitors. The performance of this sector has attracted many countries to invest their money safely here and also earns foreign currency by exporting different materials like jute yarn. Jute yarn is a spun material which is prepared to use for weaving, knitting, sewing threads, carpets, carrying bags etc. In fiscal year 2015-16, according to data from Bangladesh's Export Promotion Bureau (EPB), Bangladesh has earned $559 million by exporting jute yarn and twine. To meet the growing demand of jute yarn worldwide, Bangladesh still has lots of possibilities to earn huge amount of foreign currency by improving the quality. It's a persistent need for Bangladeshi local jute yarn manufacturers to come forward, seek possibilities for improving quality, and fulfill the worldwide demand. The paper focuses on the application of AHP based QFD approach on a manufacturing company to improve its quality of product & improving the level of customer satisfaction. The paper shows how customer requirements can be identified and used them to prioritize the design requirements for improving quality of jute yarn. Here, AHP is integrated into house of quality (HOQ) that can be guide for overcoming the pitfalls of traditional QFD.

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Bangladesh is earning about 80% foreign currency from the textile sector by exporting the textile products mainly to European region and USA. Nowadays this field has become very competitive. Quality of product is very important to everyone. Buyers are very aware about the quality of product. To get quality product the faults, which are occurring in different stages such as dyeing, printing and finishing, should be minimal. Due to the faults, the production hampers and quality of the product degrades. Quality is the demands and when it fulfils then it gives customer satisfaction and also enhances standard of a product. Whether the fault and quality is maintained, also improve productivity. The goal of this research is to identify the dyeing faults for quality and productivity improvement by controlling imperfection.

هدف مهندسي نرم افزار سرويس گرا حمايت از توسعه سريع، كم هزينه و تركيب آسان نرم افزار هاي توزيع شده حتي در محيط هاي ناهمگن است که در آن از سرويس ها به عنوان عناصر اصلي براي توسعه برنامه ها و راه حل ها استفاده مي شود. مهندسي نرم افزار سرویس گرا درصدد توسعه روش ها و ابزارهايي برای بهبود كيفيت و سودآوري توسعه نرم افزار است. امروزه یکی از دغدغه های مهم و چالش برانگیز در حوزه مهندسی نرم افزار سرویس گرا، تولید سرویس هایی با کیفیت مورد نیاز است. تحقق کیفیتِ مورد انتظار نقش بسزایی در کاهش هزینه های توسعه نرم افزار دارد. قدم اول در مسير تحقق كيفيتِ مورد انتظار، برخورداري از قابليت اندازه گيري كمّيِ جنبه هاي مختلف كيفيت است. تاكنون كارهاي زيادي براي اندازه گيري كمّي كيفيت سرويس ها انجام شده است كه هر كدام از آن ها با مزيت ها، محدوديت ها و كاربرد هاي متنوعي همراه هستند. در اين مقاله به دنبال آن هستیم كه با تحليل روش هاي موجودِ اندازه گيري كمّي به مقايسه تطبيقي آن ها با يكديگر بپردازيم. بدین منظور، ابتدا يك مدل براي ارزيابيِ كيفيت سرويس ها ارائه مي كنيم. بر مبناي اين مدل، روش هاي مختلف را دسته بندي نموده و به تحلیل نقاط قوت، محدودیت ها و کاربردهای آن ها می پردازیم. نتایج تحلیل های انجام شده، امکان انتخاب مناسب ترین روش را برای اندازه گیری جنبه¬های مختلف کیفیت سرویس به همراه دلایل منطقی و مستدل فراهم می نماید.

This paper is about finding the most important parameters and functions from the customer point of view to then find out the technical characteristics by translating the customer point of view to utilize the product capabilities. The House of Quality application used in this paper to make relation matrix between the customer point of view and the technical requirement.  From the result of The House of Quality application. the most important parameters are being shorted out and the new and better design that meet the customer wants can be produced.

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The readymade garment industry is the leading industry in Bangladesh that's why the Quality improvement of garments can play a vital role. The main purpose of this paper is to reduce the defects that will minimize the rework rate. We worked at "Interstoff Apparels Limited", Bangladesh identifying sewing defects for a particular product (knit T-Shirts). Pareto analysis is performed to identify top defect positions from all the defects and seven are identified where 80% defects occur which should be the major concerning areas to minimize defects percentage. Cause-effect diagrams are constructed to show the root cause, effect, and 5S & PDCA is used to minimize the defects effectively. Recommendations have been added at the end of the study.

The purpose of CDA creation in June, 1960 was to see the planning and maintenance of the capital city. CDA is a public sector organization which is not only responsible for development of Islamabad but also performs all functions of municipal committee to provide for cleanliness, health, education, supply of goods and food etc. CDA is lagging quality in operations and projects. So to improve this quality deficiency in CDA we devised a research. The research methodology considers research through different secondary sources such as different websites, journals and research papers etc. By the use we above mentioned sources we have collected data for some of better performing urban development authorities in Pakistan and in the world. Than we compare operations and projects performance metrics for the enlisted enterprises. After this we studied existing operations and projects performance metrics of the capital development authority Islamabad. We have developed collective operations and projects performance metrics for CDA by comparing those of CDA with the enlisted three enterprises. To explore relevance and importance of collective operations and projects performance metrics; we have collected impressions of clients of CDA by using an online survey. The results are in favor of client satisfaction. Most of the users think client satisfaction is most important and relevant factor for CDA. On the same page, transparency was rated least by clients. The research identifies important areas for CDA which needs a lot of improvement. Clients rated construction time and cost on 7th number. This is main area as far as CDA is concerned and people rated it as least. So a lot improvement can be made in this area.

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This research paper is a report on the study conducted to investigate the dynamics of the Human Resource Planning (HRP) in a typical Information Technology (IT) company. Human Resource planning subsystem in an organization involves analyzing and forecasting the talent requirements of the organization.  The main focus of the study was to construct and develop a system dynamic model for the human resource planning process. System Dynamics is used as a research tool to provide useful insights for human resource planners in arriving at the strategic plans for the organization. These tools are deployed to develop a model for a multilevel organization structure with appropriate flows related to recruitment at various levels, promotion and attrition. The variables and factors included in the modeling process have been derived based on inputs obtained from the Human resource planners of leading IT organizations. The systematic methodology adapted in the study and presented in this paper details the assumptions in modeling, the construction of the causal loop diagrams involving the feedback and testing the model with inputs using the field data.  The analysis of this initial conceptual model of the human resource planning problem is performed using a system dynamic simulation tool namely i- think.  This model will help HR planners in generating implementable human resource plans. The study has helped in using the modeling framework as a means to understand the complex dynamics of the Human resource flows in an organizational environment.

The ready-made garment industry is one of the most successful industries in Bangladesh. Its performance is notable over two decades. The purpose of this paper is to present a fuzzy quality function deployment (FQFD) model to identify customer requirements and design the production process and improve the quality of the T-shirts according to the requirements. To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional QFD, fuzzy set theory is integrated with HOQ. It will capture the vagueness of the customer requirements and facilitate to prioritise QFD information. For building HOQ, the design process starts with the data collection and ends with making some suggestions for improvement. Factors which improve the quality of the T-shirts have been identified from the HOQ matrices to develop some suggestions for improvements. The proposed improvements include: development of standard production operation of T-shirts, training workers, implementation of quality management department and development of flexible production schedule.

Hi-Tech Crop is a company that provides and develops a generic software control
system for a class of digital devices which is basically e-commerce web applications. The
company is a leading company in this area where most of its clients use this product as a
primary product. This system is considered as a big and complicated system where there are
around 20 developers, and maintenance staff is working on this project. Additionally,
customers usually receive the developed product in phased releases which typically from 9 to
12 months, and it depends on the customer’s requirements. Most of the time, these releases
significantly contain chunks of new and essential functionality to accommodate the new
advanced technology. Currently, the customers have reported several defects that they have
faced once using the products such as loss of specific service, loss of the availability as well as
encounter erroneous services. These types of defects are usually discovered once there is a new
phased release, and they are expected to be traced to a specific module and fixed as soon as
possible. All of these attempts to fix defects should be released in a subsequent release. So far,
the current system of Hi-Tech Crop has been able to meet up its main objectives with various
difficulties, but with this rapid growth of the market and its high demand, the current
development and procedure do not meet the quality standards. With all of this overwhelming
number of defects that have been received by the customers, the company is finding itself in a
bad position due to these defects. Therefore, the leading product is recently marked as
unreliable and gained a bad reputation and started getting out of the track. Because of these big
issues, the management of the Hi-Tech Crop has started looking forward to getting to the
bottom of.
As a result of these issues, the management plans to concentrate on fixing all the
reported defects quickly enough. Therefore, Hi-Tech Corp wants to have a suitable testing
strategy and procedure in order to improve their product. Also, the company wants in details
documents that critically explain a software metric for evaluating the products as well as the
calculation parts. At the same time, the company wants to have in detail a software
configuration management technique to manage the software control product.

Coklat chokato merupakan produk coklat lokal dari Sumatera Barat. Faktor kualitas produk tetap diyakini menjadi faktor penentu dalam memenangkan persaingan di pasar. Diperlukan kajian terhadap strategi peningkatan kualitas produk dengan berorientasi kepada kebutuhan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan strategi peningkatan kualitas coklat lokal dengan menggunakan metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Objek penelitian adalah coklat batangan dengan jenis milk-chocolate dan dark-chocolate. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner, pengamatan langsung, dan wawancara. Dari penyebaran kuesioner didapatkan atribut-atribut kualitas yakni ; rasa, variasi rasa, aspek kemasan (informasi tentang merk, jenis rasa, berat, komposisi, gizi, halal, waktu kadaluarsa, tampilan yang menarik), harga, dan kemudahan dalam mendapatkan. Hasil benchmarking terhadap produk pesaing didapatkan kedua jenis coklat lokal masih berada di bawah level produk kompetitor untuk semua atribut tersebut. Penelitian ini mengusulkan peningkatan cita rasa cokelat mulai dari tahapan sortasi biji kakao, pengolahan hingga tahap pengemasan. Peningkatanan variasi rasa, memperbaiki tampilan kemasan dan menambahkan informasi pada kemasan serta meningkatkan usaha promosi produk.

Kata kunci: peningkatan kualitas, coklat lokal, QFD

The typical problems facing garment manufacturers are long production lead time, bottlenecking, and low productivity. The most critical phase of garment manufacturing is the sewing phase, as it generally involves a number of operations or for the simple reason that it’s labor intensive. In assembly line balancing, allocation of jobs to machines is based on the objective of minimizing the workflow among the operators, reducing the throughput time as well as the work in progress and thus increasing the productivity. Sharing a job of work between several people is called division of labor. Division of labor should be balanced equally by ensuring the time spent at each station approximately the same. Each individual step in the assembly of product has to be analyzed carefully, and allocated to stations in a balanced way over the available workstations. Each operator then carries out operations properly and the work flow is synchronized. In a detailed work flow, synchronized line includes short distances between stations, low volume of work in process, precise of planning of production times, and predictable production quantity. This study deals with modeling of assembly line balancing by combining both manual line balancing techniques with computer simulation to find the optimal solution in the sewing line of Almeda textile plc so as to improve productivity. In this research arena software, is employed to model and measure the performance of the existing and proposed sewing line of the federal police trousers sewing line model. For each operation, the researchers have taken 15 sampling observations using stopwatch and recorded the result. All the collected data are statistically analyzed with arena input analyzer for statistical significance and determination of expressions to be used to the simulation modeling; SAM is also calculated for these operations to be used to the manual line balancing. An existing systems simulation model is developed and run for 160 replications by the researchers to measure the current performance of the system in terms of resource utilization, WIP, and waiting time. The existing systems average utilization is 0.53 with a line efficiency of 42%. This study has developed a new Sewing assembly line model which has increased the system utilization to 0.69 at a line efficiency of 58.42% without incurring additional cost.

Load Haul Dumpers (LHDs) are prominent equipment employed for transportation operations in many of the underground mines. This equipment often suffers from frequent breakdowns due to a variety of technical and managerial practices resulting in increased maintenance costs and loss of production and productivity. Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (RAM) analysis deal with the optimal functioning of equipment, maintenance scheduling, controlling cost, and improvement of availability and performance. Keeping this in view, the current study focused on the estimation of the performance of the equipment using RAM investigation. The required failure and repair data of LHDs were collected from field investigations. Graphical analyses using Trend and serial correlation tests and analytical analysis using Statistic-U test were conducted to validate the Independent and Identical Distribution (IID) nature of the data sets. Based on the above tests, the Renewal Process was adopted to c...

The article is dealing with a quality planning. It is one of the requirements for quality management systems. The quality planning is a process before the system certification. This has a significant impact on the subsequent to ensure the quality of the company products. Results of the product realization processes depend on the awareness of entrepreneurs and their serious approach to quality planning. There are many ways of quality planning. The choosing this depends primarily on the type and complexity of the processes, but also the diversity of the product range. Industrial enterprises for many years use the quality plans for their products. They define the procedures, resources and sequence of activities relating to quality. They create the reference data for subsequent monitoring. Most often they create a quality plan in the form of table, block diagram, forms, descriptively or other modifications to these forms. In service companies quality planning is simpler and more general. This applies particularly of those that are less engineering and since 2000 increasingly willing to certify quality management systems. There is no statistical guidelines to the production control or explicit expected values that are a subject to acceptance the operation s results. In this article are showed some examples of companies in various sectors. There combined them with the methods and scope of quality planning of product realization processes. In the final part of the article state the conclusions summarizing the differences between the quality planning of various sectors.

Garments industry is playing the pioneering role in improving Bangladesh economic condition. It was started in late 1970’s and now the leading foreign currency earner for Bangladesh. It’s no dubiousness to say that, the Bangladesh garment industry is ameliorating garment’s service quality and innovative design features to exist in the global competitive market. Global competition in the garment’s market is changing day to day. Leading garment manufacturer from all over the world are adopting new innovative features and techniques to sustain global fierce competitive market. But the point is, Bangladeshi garment manufacturers are not lingered. They are also emphasizing on better service quality by adding latest design features and using the latest technologies to the garments. The sole purpose of this paper is to identify the root causes of sewing defects of an apparel industry in Bangladesh and continuous improvement in reducing the defects through Kaizen (Continuous Improvement) system. In short, productivity improvement of the apparel industry. Our studied garment manufacturing company is “ABONTI Color Tex. Ltd.”. Pareto Analysis is used to identify the top defect items. Cause-Effect Analysis helped to identify the root causes of sewing defects. Then, Kaizen is used for continuous improvement of the minimization of sewing defects.