Restorative Justice and Victimology

This research analyzes changes made by a juvenile court over five years toward the progressive inclusion of victims as “stakeholders” within the implementation and development of restorative justice practices. Beginning in 1999, the Clark County Juvenile Court (CCJC) in Washington State introduced a Victim Offender Mediation (VOM) program. Subsequently, the court altered diversion and probation practices in ways that provided several significant services to victims, and afforded victims increased decision-making capacity. In doing so, the court also amended how offenders fulfilled their diversion or probation requirements at the court, particularly in relation to its use of VOMs. This research follows the initial inclusion of victims as “stakeholders” within the use of VOMs beginning in 1999, and explicates how and where these stakeholder roles were amended over time until 2005, when the court had largely finalized the structure of victim involvement and participation. The ensuing d...

The Notes from the Field on the developments in the use of restorative justice for hate crime are largely framed from a North American and European perspective, signalling at first the legal/retributive 'gains' that were made in the global North in efforts to increase the punishment of hate crime offenders to conclude after a review of scant alternative practices that future tensions (read old-own emphasis) will likely persist between the punitive emphasis that governments have given to tackling hate crime and those who advocate a restorative approach to resolving harms. The tension between restorative and criminal justice as competing paradigms in dealing with hate or identity crime seems rather remote and appears here as a so-called First World problem when focusing also on more fundamental concerns in large parts of the world that relate to the very prosecution of victims of identity crimes as offenders by the state and criminal justice as its agent. To demonstrate, in Africa only, 34 countries (Human Dignity Trust, 2020) criminalise private, consensual sexual activity between adults of the same sex, and the death penalty is imposed for similar deeds in five countries. Also, on the colonial-postcolonial continuum, state hate crime has been imported and perpetrated in the majority of countries in the Commonwealth, most of them former British colonies.

Report about the Maui-Molokai Adult Drug Court, which I created and which achieved over 12 years an 84% success rate for graduates, measured by whether a graduate committed another felony crime.  The program has  many innovative features, not utilized by other drug courts.  So far as I know, this is the only article that describes evolution of a drug court.

In this article I explore the concept of accountability for young people in youth restorative conferencing. Definitions of accountability in research and programme literature demonstrate significant variation between expectations of young people to admit harms, make amends, address the causes of their offending, and desist from future offending. Such variation is problematic in terms of aligning conferenc-ing goals with accountability expectations. I first draw from research that suggests appeals to normative frameworks such as accountability may not be useful for some young people with significant histories of victimisation, abuse, neglect, and trauma. I then examine problems in accountability for young people that are highly marginalised or 'redundant' in terms of systemic exclusion from economic and social forms of capital. These two issues-trauma on the micro level and social marginalisation on the macro level-suggest problems of getting to accountability for some young people. I also argue trauma and social marginalisation present specific problems for thinking about young offenders as 'moral subjects' and conferenc-ing as an effective mechanism of moralising social control. I conclude by suggesting a clear distinction between accountability and responsibility is necessary to disentangle the conflation of misdeeds from the acute social, psychological, and developmental needs of some young offenders.

This article's endeavors will be made to identify and collectively comprehend the law-based analogy of victimless crime and victimology. This article utilizes information from the biggest investigation of wrongdoing victims in Sylhet, Bangladesh. This research investigates the effect of wrongdoing on casualties. Thirty vis-à-vis interviews and almost 80 phone interviews were led with extortion casualties and relatives. Fundamental segment information on the profile of casualties is given and thought about survivors of different wrongdoings. More complete information is additionally offered to identify with the effect of misrepresentation, featuring monetary difficulty, broken connections, mental impacts, mental and actual medical conditions. The article likewise features auxiliary effects, like harm to positive and negative changes in conduct. The wide variety in the effect of guilty parties on casualties is featured: for certain casualties revealing next to zero effect of misrepresentation while others endure decimating impacts. This obliterates the fantasy of extortion being primarily Victimless crime or wrongdoing of lesser effect

The article compares dispute resolution processes, especially mediation, in stateless primitive societies, with two modern attempts to annex mediation to the U.S. legal system: Neighborhood Justice Centers (NJCs) and Restorative Justice (RJ).  The failure of the NJCs is acknowledged by those who have not simply forgotten them.  They made promises, based on a flimsy theoretical base, which could not be fulled.  RJ, whose theoretical bases, insofar as it has any, are flimsier still, but its claims are even more far-reaching: to replace retribution with reconciliation, to replace hurting with healing, and to mend the torn fabric of community.  These claims are false or, upon examination, incoherent.  Academic attention to RJ is way out of proportion to its merits and to its marginal role in the legal system.  These schemes of informal justice are paradoxically subordinate elements of formal justice systems.  The conclusion is drawn that forms of dispute resolution which are effective in anarchist primitive societies cannot be, in any authentic versions, incorporated into the legal institutions of state societies.  Another objective of the article is to evaluate the classical anarchist critique of legal order, which is adjudged to be out of date and incomplete, in large part because it has ignored dispute resolution and also ignored the reasonable objections of those who  fear for their safety and security in a society without police, courts, and criminal law.  Ironically, contemporary anarchist criminologists -- who are very few -- either ignore these concerns too, or else advocate Restorative Justice, which is impossible to reconcile with anarchism.

Recensione de "Il libro dell'incontro. Vittime e responsabili della lotta armata a confronto" di A. Ceretti , G. Bertagna , C. Mazzucato, Il Saggiatore, 2015. In forma di intervista a cura di Luca Guglielminetti, pubblicata sulla Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza (RCVS) Anno 12, Numero 2, Maggio-Agosto 2018, pp 87-91.

Justice is truly served at the contentment of the crime victim. Although it is not possible to completely remove the pain of the sufferer, RJ can ease it by letting their voice be heard. While the village courts in Bangladesh are trying, it is up to every judge to make way for RJ in our judicial system.

Restorativna pravda kao teorijsko utemeljenje društvene reakcije na kriminalitet jedna je od ključnih tema savremenog kriminološkog diskursa. U korpusu ideja koje ovaj koncept obuhvata, izdvaja se ideja o razumevanju krivičnog dela kao narušenog odnosa između učinioca i žrtve, koja se razlikuje od tradicionalnog razumevanja krivičnog dela kao odnosa države i pojedinca. Ova promena u perspektivi upućuje na drugačije društveno reagovanje, različito u odnosu na tradicionalni krivičnopravni pristup. Kako je proces obnavljanja narušenih odnosa nastalih konfliktom u neposrednoj vezi sa mogućnostima za uključivanje učesnika konflikta u ovaj proces, institucionalizacija participiranja u okviru pravosudnog sistema određuje domet restorativnog procesa. U radu se ukazuje na tradicionalni krivičnopravni pristup i pristup restorativne pravde kao alternativne društvene reakcije na kriminalitet, uz stavljanje akcenta na odnos učinioca i žrtve krivičnog dela i proces rešavanja konflikta. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na perspektivu konflikta, kao definišućeg elementa odnosa učinioca i žrtve krivičnog dela, i potencijal restorativne pravde kao efikasne društvene reakcije na kriminalitet, koji doprinosi optimizaciji odnosa zajednice i izvršioca krivičnog dela.


(Restorative justice as the theoretical foundation of social reaction to crime is one of the key themes of contemporary criminological discourse. The idea of crime as a conflict between perpetrator and victim of crime is included in the core ideas related to the concept of restorative justice, which differs from traditional understanding of crime as a relationship between the state and the individual. This change in perspective on crime points towards social reaction to crime that differs from traditional criminal justice system. As the restoration process of relationship damaged by crime is directly related to possibilities of participation in the very process, institutionalisation of that participation sets the scope of restorative process. In this article, the author points towards the traditional criminal justice and restorative justice processes, focusing the relationship of perpetrator and victim of crime and the process of conflict resolution. The aim of the article is to highlight the conflict perspective as a defining element of the relationship between offender and victim, and to underline the effectiveness of restorative justice as social reaction to crime, which contributes to optimisation of the relationship between the offender and the community.)

This research analyzes changes made by a juvenile court over five years toward the progressive inclusion of victims as " stakeholders " within the implementation and development of restorative justice practices. Beginning in 1999, the Clark County Juvenile Court (CCJC) in Washington State introduced a Victim Offender Mediation (VOM) program. Subsequently, the court altered diversion and probation practices in ways that provided several significant services to victims, and afforded victims increased decision-making capacity. In doing so, the court also amended how offenders fulfilled their diversion or probation requirements at the court, particularly in relation to its use of VOMs. This research follows the initial inclusion of victims as " stakeholders " within the use of VOMs beginning in 1999, and explicates how and where these stakeholder roles were amended over time until 2005, when the court had largely finalized the structure of victim involvement and participation. The ensuing discussion describes the rationale for the court's changes, and the effects of these changes on how victims were able to participate and make decisions in both diversion and probation cases. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these changes as they involve the role of victims as stakeholders within restorative justice as used in formal justice settings, and in particular the possible limits of such roles when enacted through justice agencies such as juvenile courts.

In recent years, a small number of studies have investigated the use and impact of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence. While initial findings are broadly positive, the studies are constrained by small sample sizes. This chapter contributes to this emerging body of evidence by sharing the preliminary findings of a study investigating the justice perspectives of a group of sexual violence survivors. This study does not provide a specific analysis of the experiences of those who have engaged in restorative approaches. Rather, it examines the insights of sexual violence survivors on their understandings of 'justice', particularly the concepts of recognition, voice and consequences. In considering the extent to which restorative justice may or may not meet these justice interests, we suggest that some restorative approaches may provide an opportunity to satisfy some elements of the survivors' understandings of justice. Nonetheless, survivors' concepts of justice extend well beyond both the conventional criminal justice system and restorative approaches, such that a far broader, kaleidoscopic, understanding of justice needs to be considered. It is widely accepted that conventional criminal justice systems fail to meet the needs and interests of sexual violence survivors. As a result, there is widespread debate over the possibility of developing and introducing more innovative means of securing justice, including a range of restorative approaches. Such approaches are being considered both as a means of reshaping or re-orientating the conventional criminal justice system, as well as for their potential to provide alternative justice responses beyond the conventional system. However, discussion regarding the potential of restorative approaches to offer some measure of justice for sexual violence survivors has largely proceeded at a conceptual level due to the limited opportunities for restorative justice to be used in this field. While it is vital that we engage in thoughtful analysis of the principles and concepts underpinning any use of restorative approaches in cases of sexual violence, the debate can make only limited progress in an empirical vacuum. Nonetheless, over the last few years, a small number of studies investigating the use and impact of restorative approaches in cases of sexual violence have been published (Daly,. These studies examine the impact of a range of restorative approaches and include the experiences and perspectives of survivors of sexual violence, though they are constrained by small sample sizes. The aim of this chapter is to contribute to this emerging body of evidence by sharing the preliminary findings of a study investigating the justice perspectives of a group of sexual

Abstract
Conclusions and experiences from the debate about maltreatment and sexual assault by staff members during the decades 1950 to 1970 can be useful for child protection today. The article reflects experiences from mediation with the actual director of a children´s home and a group of former victims of maltreatment and sexual assault by female clerical staff (nuns). In the article these experiences are compared with the present situation of sexual assaultive boys in specialized institutions.

Keywords
Debate about maltreatment and sexual assault in German Children´s homes in the past

The apology-forgiveness cycle is a simple but powerful process for conflict resolution. Given the prevalence of apology and forgiveness in restorative justice (RJ), the apology-forgiveness cycle may take place. However, there is a lack of a theoretical understanding of the relationship between apology and forgiveness in the RJ processes. After identifying key elements and impediments of the apologyforgiveness cycle during RJ meetings based on existing literature, we develop a theoretical model of the apology-forgiveness cycle during RJ encounters. This typology explains how the apologyforgiveness cycle is intertwined with the RJ process, subsequently facilitating, blocking, and changing its sequence. There are four cycles: (1) apology facilitating forgiveness, (2) apology without forgiveness, (3) forgiveness promoting apology, and (4) forgiveness without apology. We conclude by offering future directions for research on the apology-forgiveness cycle in RJ.

This paper examines the forms and function of prophecy in Roho (Spirit-led) Christianity in Africa. It seeks to situate this function within the rubric of biblical prophecy. It takes seriously their beliefs and theological reasoning that informs their practice. We look at forms of biblical prophecy that generally serve as their guiding principle, namely: foretelling and forthtelling. The literature available on Roho Christianity largely focuses on the historical, sociological, and anthropological aspects of this brand of Christianity. Majority of scholars have paid attention to their origins, rituals, and interaction with the larger society. While this is important, there is very little attention given to one of their principal characteristics-an active prophetic ministry. This paper seeks to satisfy the following seven objectives. Firstly, we look at the prophetic role of the church in African society. Secondly, we try to establish the nexus between prophecy and salvation in Roho Christianity. Thirdly, we look at the forthtelling character and function of Jewish prophecy. Fourthly, we look at prophecy as a community constitution in Roho churches. Fifthly, we assess how prophecy acts as group ritual for identity maintenance. Sixthly, we examine ways in which prophecy acts as symbolic Christian ethics. Finally, we explore how prophetic forthtelling enhances socioeconomic support among Roho churches. In order to achieve the foregoing, we look at concepts common to Roho Christianity in an attempt to draw conclusions about the concept and nature of prophecy in Roho churches and convictions connected with them.

Mediation, as a means of voluntary settlement of legal rights, has become a mainstay in many legal jurisdictions as an alternative in the resolution of disputes and the forgoing of any legal suits by claimants. Its use has also transcended into the sphere of criminal jurisdiction with its elements employed in healing the festering sores of crime - both physical and psychological - on victims and even in the sentencing of offenders, if any, in some jurisdictions. Its application in the Nigerian Judicature has however been marred by reticence due to reading of the offence of Compounding as a bar to settlement of criminal matters without prosecution of offenders. This paper analyses the offence of compounding with the view that it is not a bar, but a guide to be used in the mediation of crime with the aim to preserve society's need for general deterrence alongside an evolving positive legal phenomenon.

This article introduces corporeal realism to victimology and incorporates work on the sociology of the body to manifest a critical victimology focused on the body–society relationship. It reviews the current literature in the sociology of the body and situates corporeal realism within this oeuvre. This article challenges how the body has often been neglected or treated at the abstract level in victimology and how corporeal realism can provide a basis for analysis of the manifold elements within the purview of victimology. The significance of corporeal realism for victimology is shown by recognizing the role of structure and embodied agency in relation to victims and victimization. In addition, this article evinces epistemological implications of corporeal realism for victimological research.

A systematic effort to answer in what ways and contexts the claims of restorative justice (RJ) prove persuasive is lacking. We address this gap through a metasynthesis of qualitative studies. Drawing on 26 studies identified through the systematic literature search, we identified three overarching themes to understand "how RJ works": (1) opportunities for humanization, learning, and putting emotions of victims and individuals who committed a crime at the center of conflict-solving, (2) support networks and mechanisms for communication, and (3) life-changing journey enshrined in healing. We develop a line of argument showing how the micro-, meso-, and macro-elements of RJ interact with each other. While offering reflections on the limitations of existing literature around this key issue, we conclude with implications for advancing research of RJ.

Since the late 1970s advocates of restorative justice (RJ) have argued that this approach to justice represents an alternative to the dominant social logics of punishment. Critical of rehabilitation and retribution in particular, proponents argue that traditional criminal justice practices exclude victims, limit the ability of offenders to take responsibility and make amends for harms, and place the needs of state policies of crime control over those of individuals and local communities. Moreover, many early RJ proponents were drawn from the prison abolition movement and other social movements, and in its early growth, RJ was frequently articulated not only as a response to victim exclusion or offender accountability, but also in terms of larger goals of transforming the criminal justice system, including the argument that RJ could function as a viable redress to the use and growth of incarceration.

This Chapter examines the possibility of application of Restorative Justice (RJ) processes within India’s Juvenile Justice system. It explains the concept of RJ, highlights international standards relevant to its practice, and presents research findings on its effectiveness in other jurisdictions on aspects such as victim satisfaction and reduction of recidivism. The compatibility of RJ with the philosophy and objectives of juvenile justice and general principles under the JJ Act, 2015 is discussed and a roadmap for its incorporation within the JJ system in consonance with the legal framework is provided.

Draft Presentation on Social Justice Conflict Resolution practice. This is based on an interlinked gap found in practice that explains why practitioners are not structurally responsive. 

It is part of an ongoing action research process in South Africa's unequal, transitional context.

Considering India’s rich jurisprudence of juvenile justice, children’s amenability to reform, as well as the need for addressing victim’s needs and holding children accountable, this Chapter examines the possibility of application of Restorative Justice (RJ) processes within India’s Juvenile Justice system. It explains the concept of RJ, highlights international standards relevant to its practice, and presents research findings on its effectiveness in other jurisdictions on aspects such as victim satisfaction and reduction of recidivism. The Chapter examines compatibility of RJ practices with the philosophy and objectives of juvenile justice and general principles under the JJ Act, 2015 and provides a roadmap for its incorporation within the JJ system in consonance with the legal framework.

Crime in the context of love has always drawn attention in public and has recently become a growing area of research. This chapter aims at providing an insight on the complex topic of love and crime research, focusing particularly on hate and love crimes, love, relationship crime in gendered and cultural contexts, and love and the desistance from crime. In this chapter it is argued that a positive criminology and positive victimology perspective in the context of love and crime can help to overcome criminal acts from the point of view of the offender, as well as that of the victim. Positive criminology and victimology perspectives can support a positive, loving and thereby health- related (salutogenic) view of the criminal act. Particularly positive victimology can support the victim through specific interventions to overcome trauma and re-establish self-esteem and self-assurance beyond the experienced crime. The chapter provides insights into 12-step and 16-step programmes as a potential positive psychology and positive victimology intervention tool for crime victims. It presents a case example of a female victim of criminal acts within the context of a divorce and her process of rehabilitation and de-traumatisation through the16-step programme. The case example is based on the victim’s private diary notes, talks, interviews and messages. Conclusions and recommendations are provided.

This paper examines the forms and function of prophecy in Roho (Spirit-led) Christianity in Africa. It seeks to situate this function within the rubric of biblical prophecy. It takes seriously their beliefs and theological reasoning that informs their practice. We look at forms of biblical prophecy that generally serve as their guiding principle, namely: foretelling and forthtelling. The literature available on Roho Christianity largely focuses on the historical, sociological, and anthropological aspects of this brand of Christianity. Majority of scholars have paid attention to their origins, rituals, and interaction with the larger society. While this is important, there is very little attention given to one of their principal characteristics-an active prophetic ministry. This paper seeks to satisfy the following seven objectives. Firstly, we look at the prophetic role of the church in African society. Secondly, we try to establish the nexus between prophecy and salvation in Roho C...

Considering the very nature of the International Convention for
the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance as the
21st century international human rights instrument of the new
generations, as well as the specific, hybrid nature of the rights
protected by the Convention, the author analyses specific,
multidisciplinary approach required by such a hybrid nature of
human rights protected by the Convention. This multidisciplinary
approach, among others, includes the strong synergy between
criminal law and medicine as for the prevention as in combating
enforced disappearances. Considering this, author analyzes the
main points under the scope of Convention that require this kind of
synergy. In parallel, author reflects upon the provisions of the
recently adopted Guiding Principles for the Search for Disappeared
Persons that provides for precise, but comprehensive guidelines to
the Member States, but also to countries that have not ratified
Convention so far, on how to search for disappeared persons.

This is a presentation made to Hertfordshire County Community Safety Board on 5th March, 2pm – 4pm at Watford Three Rivers Council Offices. It introduces work on the strategy carried out by myself and colleagues at the School of Law, University of Hertfordhsire in partnership with the Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner for Hertfordshire to wider partners in the county.
Slide 3 (Core principles) will be the focus of papers to be published.

This book focuses on varied practical and theoretical issues of the science of victims, Victimology. Featuring a foreword and epilogue by leading victimologists, and fifteen original essays by leading as well as by young international victimologists, Trends and issues in Victimology, illustrates how victimization is currently perceived. This edited collection describes how the victim’s right for privacy is deprived for the benefit of the accused and the public interest, and how special needs populations are exposed to revictimization during criminal proceedings. It also delineates specific characteristics of stalking victims, sexual abused victims, and victims in work place.

Several recommendations and solutions in order to balance the justice system and improve the victims of crime situation are presented in this book. Practical modifications such as the adoption of the principle of restitution in the penal code as a framework for building evidence of victim legislation and policy, and the incorporation of the victim’s therapy and restorative justice proceedings into the criminal justice system, are suggested. Theoretical aspects discuss the rhetoric of victimization and the social construction of victimization and empirical aspects of the focus on the impact of victimization.

This book is a valuable addition to the growing literature on Victimology and Victimization. This book offers versatile authors of multidisciplinary fields of law, victimology, psychology and criminology. It is suitable to use in courses across social sciences, criminology, victimology and law.

This paper will discuss victim-led restorative justice. Addressing the question: why is it that even as restorative justice and restorative processes are offered to victims, as a whole, it is rejected. Autoethnography is the methodology that will be employed to respond to this question. Common definitions and applications of restorative justice will be presented, explicating how they are used, by whom, and to what end. Sawbonna, a new model of restorative justice, will be explained, situating the explanation in the framework of both restorative and criminal justice, and aligning it with social justice, to reveal how it not only challenges common definitions and processes of restorative justice; but, furthers the important discourse on forgiveness and apologies, demonstrating how re-victimization can occur when forms must be filled-in and systems adhered to in order for victim-voice and experience to be heard and viewed as valid. Situating Sawbonna within the context of building relationship with Indigenous Peoples will be explored, underscoring that reconciliation is a pressing, challenging, and vital issue, wherein mistrust, anger, and fear, via a Sawbonna lens, means no quick fixes; means rather commitment to stay the course, no matter the challenges that arise. Sawbonna demonstrates how to use the challenges as opportunities. This paper will conclude with suggestions for implementing concrete ways of addressing how to create safe, inclusive, and powerfully effective means for victims of crime to want to be involved in the justice system via a Sawbonna lens of lived-experience intricately linked to human rights.

While many studies on restorative justice conferencing (RJC) for youth offenders have shown favourable outcomes such as victim satisfaction and fairness, and offender accountability and perceived legitimacy, other studies have demonstrated more problematic outcomes in terms of mutual understanding, sincerity of apology and reoffending. Given the complexity of RJC as a concept and as a process, such ‘limits’ might be attributed to the capacity and characteristics of youth offenders. To date, however, there has been little examination of developmental, cognitive or environmental impediments on the part of youth offenders in terms of achieving restorative outcomes in RJC. This article discusses the potential impacts of limited developmental and cognitive capacities of youth offenders on the RJC process and outcomes.

Mediation, as a means of voluntary settlement of legal rights, has become a mainstay in many legal jurisdictions as an alternative in the resolution of disputes and the forgoing of any legal suits by claimants. Its use has also transcended into the sphere of criminal jurisdiction with its elements employed in healing the festering sores of crime - both physical and psychological - on victims and even in the sentencing of offenders, if any, in some jurisdictions. Its application in the Nigerian Judicature has however been marred by reticence due to reading of the offence of Compounding as a bar to settlement of criminal matters without prosecution of offenders. This paper analyses the offence of compounding with the view that it is not a bar, but a guide to be used in the mediation of crime with the aim to preserve society's need for general deterrence alongside an evolving positive legal phenomenon.

Epigenetics, Resilience and Victimology. The potential role of epigenetic processes in victimology In recent years, epigenetics have been shown to be a key element to embed the effects of the environment on the programming of the genome and thus stable affect different brain functions and human attitude. The optimistic message is that epigenetic processes

144 p.Este proyecto tiene como fundamento la propuesta recibida por el IVAC/KREI en la reunión mantenida con la Dirección de Víctimas y Derechos Humanos del Gobierno Vasco (DVDH) el 4 de marzo de 2015 en Donostia-San Sebastián, de colaboración en la dinámica Eraikiz iniciada en el año 2014. Según el documento aportado por la DVDH (2015, 2), Eraikiz se basa en la hipótesis de que “en el contexto actual es conveniente crear espacios seguros, constructivos y plurales para que las víctimas puedan dialogar, escuchar y ofrecer su aportación ... promover el doble objetivo de acercar a las víctimas entre sí y a las víctimas y a la sociedad”. Una vez analizada dicha propuesta destacamos el valor de su idea central en cuanto a la necesidad de promover grupos de discusión con víctimas del terrorismo, de forma continuada y sostenida –ya que la victimización es un proceso que, independientemente del cese del terrorismo, se mantiene en el tiempo e, incluso, a través de distintas generaciones. En ...

Dans cet article, je présente d’abord les principaux éléments de contexte qui permettent de comprendre l’émergence et le développement des approches associées au mouvement de la justice restauratrice au Canada. Je m' intéresse ensuite à la place qu’occupent actuellement ces formes de justice dans le champ des régulations au Canada.

Indonesian Ministry of Law and Human Rights recently released a large number of prisoners. More than 30,000 prisoners were set free. Law and Human Rights Minister stated this is due to the possible surge of the novel coronavirus in several overcrowded prisons. In the following days after being released, few prisoners sent back to jail due to repeating crimes. Two questions have arisen among the society, firstly, asking for the government to take custody of these prisoners away in prison as long as possible. Secondly, society argues that once a criminal, is forever criminal, and that is why society in some regions ban the authorities movement on releasing prisoners. This research aims to build a better understanding of restorative justice idea principle of the Indonesian correctional institution. This research employs the normative method of legal study and uses some approaches to analyze, namely statute approach, historical approach, theoretical approach and grammatical approach. The research found that society should gain more understanding of restorative justice of the Indonesian correctional institution. Moreover, authorities should encourage and extend the socialization to provide adequate knowledge to broader society.