Riyadh

This work claims that Musaylima served as a prophet for his own people in Yamama in more or less the same way as the Prophet Muhammad in Mecca and Medina. However, unlike Islam, Musaylima’s religious movement did not survive. Here, a complete story of Musaylima – his claim of prophethood, qur’ān (reading), religious activities, followers, opponents, and defeat – is reconstructed. A critical reading of the sources that contain the accounts of Musaylima is performed. Additionally, this study reveals that the remaining fragments of Musaylima’s qur’ān bear substantial similarities to the early Meccan verses of the Qur’ān – in terms of diction, style, and pattern.
To formulate the findings of this study, there was more than one prophet in the sixth-seventh century of the Arabian peninsula, as Umayya b. Abī Salt, Abū ‘Āmir, Tulayha, Sajah, Aswad, and Musaylima claimed prophethood. There was more than one qur’ān, as Musaylima also revealed his own qur’ān. It is possible that other prophets also did so. There was more than one mosque (masjid), since the followers of Abū ‘Āmir established their own, as did those of Abū Qays. So did the followers of Musaylima. There was more than one Abrahamic Hanīf monotheistic movement in the Hijaz and around the region, as some figures assumed the same mission.

Municipal solid waste generation is a rapidly increasing challenge that is leading to severe pollution and environmental degradation in many urban areas of developing countries. Globally, the solid waste sector accounts for 18% of methane emissions and 3e4% of greenhouse gas emissions overall. Waste handling and disposal systems in most large cities have largely been designed with minimal accounting of environmental issues. This study presents the Waste to Energy Recovery Assessment (WERA) framework, a new quantitative decision support model for initial evaluation and alternative comparisons of different thermochemical treatments of municipal wastes. The framework not only accounts for benefits through electricity generation but also accounts for emissions from facilities and the associated social cost of carbon in a cost-benefit assessment. The assessments are conducted with Monte Carlo simulations that explicitly account for uncertain factors such as future composition and generation of solid waste, technical efficiency of treatment processes, capital and operating costs, as well as future policies. The framework is used to study waste-to-energy (WtE) systems for Abu Dhabi, Riyadh, Tokyo and New York. The results show that WtE systems can fulfill only 1.4e3.6% of 2014 electricity demand in the analyzed cases. Furthermore, the net present value for different technologies can be positive if collection fees and electricity rates (potentially set through feed-in-tariff policies) are sufficiently high. The analysis for Abu Dhabi and Riyadh also reveals that in a limited set of conditions (of technology efficiencies, and waste collection rates etc.) the WtE facilities can be self-sustaining investments.

"In my presentation I will focus on British Muslim Communities living in UK; my main focus will be on the British local community with Kashmiri heritage, as most of the time they are labelled in the media as “Home Grown Radicalised” Muslims, even if they are the fourth & fifth generation born & bred in UK.

I will also focus on Processes to Radicalisation in UK, in local communities, again particularly in the Kashmiri community.

I will also focus on design and delivery processes so far used by authorities in de-radicalisation processes and the results so far, and why we need to change those design and delivery processes, especially when we focus on the British Diaspora with Kashmiri heritage, the fourth & fifth generation born & bred in the UK."

Rising nations in the early twentieth century in the Arab world saw the popularity of football as a tool for distilling their identity and policy in the populous. The paper explores how the architecture of football stadiums reflected their country's identity, in particularly: Cairo International Stadium, Al Shaab Stadium, and King Fahd International Stadium.

Social anthropological research often deploys ethnographies of dwelling,
following and immersing. While many of these ethnographic practices
are an essential part, and a matter of fact, of simply being there, research
in Riyadh requires doing fieldwork and bounding the field differently.
Swathes of highways and boulevards, endless tracts of walls, individual
villas and low-rise apartment buildings come to the fore and make their
anonymizing and atomizing imprint felt on the ethnographer’s oftcherished
‘everyday’. They have earned the city titles such as a ‘city of
walls’, a ‘city of closed spaces’ or even an ‘anti-city’. Serendipity and
spontaneity feel elusive and out of reach under the disciplining and
surveilling arms of the state as well as the conservatism of society.
Drawing inspiration from a Bedouin idiom of movement, shadda, this
article lays out how I discovered an alternative method of doing
fieldwork under such circumstances. I show how movement—that is,
moving alongside, across and through the banalities and complexities of
everyday life—is an indispensable and key way of doing fieldwork as
well as delimiting the ethnographic field. Notions of lateral movement
emerge as a counterpoint to immersion, embeddedness, integration and
other such figurative expressions of downward passage into the field.
More specifically, I discuss the metaphors of horizontal movement and
thresholds that unfold on the scale of the city, the car and the
unconscious. Thresholds, varying multifariously from gates to doors and
checkpoints, feature prominently in this urban landscape, not only as
literal and figurative gateways to the field but as outcomes of clashing
political and epistemological processes.

Preserving historic building is crucial to retain national heritage and history. It is not just that, preservation of historic building will lead to social, economic, and environmental benefits. It will increase the property value as well as its surroundings. It also gives non-priced benefits that come from the enjoyment and satisfaction of people when they pass by restored building (Garrod et al, 1996). This report will discuss preservation of old buildings in Riyadh and will try to evaluate the work that has been done to preserve its old buildings.

There are many kinds of war. They span from typical military conflicts to socially and politically charged environments, from fiscal colonization to ghostly war about information and the internet. But what about the fear of a possible war? Could housing initiatives be connected to that? What kind of design methods and standards as well as processes would that specific case entail? What other factors would add pressure towards studying and implementing housing projects in this context? What could be the possible measure of such projects' eventual assessment? This paper commences with a hypothesis concerning that fear of a possible spreading of the so-called Arab Spring in the Arab Peninsula, and namely the Saudi Kingdom, triggered a massive state funded housing project. It will be argued that in such a case, where the overall project is basically founded on the dubious ground of political tactics, success is unlikely to happen. Focusing of the ambitious case of Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Housing (MoH), the whole argument will be discussed and gradually unfolded within the political, social, cultural, economic and technical-design conditions of such an endeavor, both before its launch-conceptualization and throughout its implementation. At the end of the day, housing and urban planning stereotypes seem to prevail and justify their title. Paradoxically though, their role in reinforcing social cohesion and political stability is acknowledged and exploited through standardization. Inertia by choice.

New revitalization and regeneration strategies are currently taking place as a scheme for reassessing urban spaces. This paper, as a result, navigates the theory of Urban Acupuncture (UA) as a quick and effective tool that can be adopted in large cities. Using Riyadh city as a case study, it discusses how this tool can be used to achieve maximum results with minimal effort in the most critical places. Riyadh city is the capital of Saudi Arabia and is considered as one of the fastest-growing metropolitan cities in the Arab world. Through time, it has transformed into a city with leftover open spaces and an ever-increasing population. The study commences by exploring the term UA and its principles and similarly presents some of its successful international examples. It thereafter delves on the past and current situation in the city to show some of the challenges it faces. The study aims to develop a filtering framework for selecting a suitable sensitive spot that can be used to apply the concept of UA. A conclusion is made that as a small-scale space approach and a progressive concentrated urban renewal strategy.

New revitalization and regeneration strategies are currently taking place as a scheme for reassessing urban spaces. This paper, as a result, navigates the theory of Urban Acupuncture (UA) as a quick and effective tool that can be adopted in large cities. Using Riyadh city as a case study, it discusses how this tool can be used to achieve maximum results with minimal effort in the most critical places. Riyadh city is the capital of Saudi Arabia and is considered one of the fastest-growing metropolitan cities in the Arab world. Through time, it has transformed into a city with leftover open spaces and an ever-increasing population. The study commences by exploring the term UA and its principles and similarly presents some of its successful international examples. It thereafter delves into the past and current situation in the city to show some of the challenges it faces. The study aims to develop a filtering framework for selecting a suitable sensitive spot that can be used to apply the concept of UA. A conclusion is made that as a small-scale space approach and a progressive concentrated urban renewal strategy. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

In recent years, there has been widespread use of the Internet, the Internet of things, mobile devices, networks, and applications. All this usage produces daily huge data that cannot be processed using existing database management techniques and tools because of the size, the volume, the heterogeneity, and the unstructured nature of the data. This has led many sectors like healthcare, business, education, and so forth to start using Big Data technologies to analyze, process, decision making and performance. Big Data is "datasets which could not be captured, managed, and processed by general computers within an acceptable scope" [1].Education sectors are one of the most important sectors that use information and communication technology (ICT).However, the education sector in Saudi Arabia is still behind other developed countries in terms of the adopting and implementation of Big Data techniques. The aim of this study is to develop an integrated framework to utilize Big Data for higher educational institutes in Saudi Arabia and to support decision making and improve performance. While many studies look at data mining and Big Data in the education sector, there are few studies that touch on this issue in Saudi education, especially in universities. The study collected data through self-administered surveys as a principal quantitative method and through semi structured in depth interviews as the follow-up qualitative method.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is situated in an arid region and faces a chronic challenge to meet its increasing water demand. Riyadh is the capital of KSA and home to about six million people. The water demand is mostly met by groundwater resources (up to 48%), while the desalination plants cover the rest of the water supply requirements. There is a potential risk of a significant gap in water demand–supply due to the retirement of old desalination plants. This study, therefore, developed a probabilistic model to forecast desalinated water demand in Riyadh for domestic purposes up to the year 2040 based on three scenarios: low growth, the most likely (mean), and high growth scenario. The results showed that an investment of about US$6.24, 11.59, and 16.04 billion is required to meet the future domestic water demand of the city for the next 25 years based on low, mean, and high growth scenarios, respectively. Moreover, a strong commitment to public–private partnership is require...

e travail est le récit d’une ethnographie à Riyad, en Arabie saoudite, société ceinte de puissantes normes de genre, religieuses et sociales. À la suite d’une enquête sur les usages du smartphone par les Saoudiennes, il vise à interroger mon positionnement et mes caractéristiques (sociales et biologiques) en terrain sensible et à comprendre comment ils ont pu affecter mon ethnographie. Sur ce terrain, mon type blanc occidental, mon positionnement épistémologique féministe, mes traits biologiques ou identitaires tels que mon âge, sexe ou genre m’ont en effet désignée comme une outsider. Cette « assignation », qui a tantôt constitué un privilège, tantôt un inconfort épistémique, a produit des relations d’enquête à géométrie variable. Si elle m’a permis de jouir de confidences spécifiques, les rapports de pouvoir constitutifs de l’enquête ont quant à eux joué contre l’observatrice occidentale féministe que j’étais. Piégée par mon occidentalisme hégémonique, faisant de mon terrain un objet exotique, j’ai péché par naïveté, sinon par ethnocentrisme, en particulier par réductionnisme scientifique.