SCADA system

Water supply represents a vital problem for people, and this imposes the need to know the information regarding consumptions, resources and production. This implies a continuous supervision of the water supply process in order to allow any problem that could appear to be solved, ...

A SCADA system uses a number of remote terminal units (RTUs) for collecting field data and sending it back to a master station, via a communication system. The master station displays the acquired data and allows the operator to perform remote control tasks. An RTU is a microprocessor based standalone data acquisition control unit. As the RTUs work in harsh environment, the processor inside the RTU is susceptible to random faults. If the processor fails, the equipment or process being monitored by it will become inaccessible. This paper proposes a fault tolerant scheme to untangle the RTU's failure issue. According to the scheme, every RTU will have at least two processing elements. In case of either processor's failure, the surviving processor will take over the tasks of the failed processor to perform its tasks. With this approach, an RTU remain functional despite the failure of the processor inside the RTU. Reliability and Availability modeling of the proposed fault tolerant scheme have presented.

This paper presents the investigation and study of the regional communication - SCADA network used in the Iraqi North East electrical power system. The failure data of most important twelve RTU-stations are collected for the period 2001-2005. Reliability data such as failure rate, repair rate, MTTR and MTTF are calculated, and then used for evaluation of some important reliability indices such as availability and reliability. Alternative system proposed and models made for the present and the proposed system and their reliability were found and compared

When a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system monitors and manages other complex infrastructures through the use of distributed technologies, it becomes a critical infrastructure by itself: A failure or disruption in any of its components could implicate a serious impact on the performance of the other infrastructures. The connection with other systems makes a SCADA system more vulnerable against attacks, generating new security problems. As a result, it is essential to perform diverse security analysis frequently in order to keep an updated knowledge and to provide recommendations and/or solutions to mitigate or avoid anomalous events. This will facilitate the existence of a suitable, reliable, and available control network.

This paper presents the necessary processes to develop a supervisory control and distributed automation (SCADA) system for a typical small hydraulic power plant (SHPP), including the main details of design and integration stages of the specific project, HESKON, which has performed to develop a prototype of such a SCADA system. Turkey has a considerable hydraulic potential but unfortunately depends on the foreign technology in this area. The experience gained during the project is also presented in the paper under the purpose of directing the incoming SHPP projects, including both the new constructions and rehabilitation of many old SHPPs, by the national institutions in the country.

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are widely used in industrial control and automation. Modern SCADA protocols often employ TCP/IP to transport sensor data and control signals. Meanwhile, corporate IT infrastructures are interconnecting with ...

Water supply represents a vital problem for people, and this imposes the need to know the information regarding consumptions, resources and production. This implies a continuous supervision of the water supply process in order to allow any problem that could appear to be solved, and in the same time, to maintain normal functioning parameters. Proper solutions imply automation and monitoring architectures which contain: a supervision and control system for the real time installation, programmable logic controllers with basic functions (communication, adjusting, measuring, etc.) libraries, communication systems, standard interfaces or dedicated ones with sensors, electrical drive elements, measuring devices, etc. The informatics systems present the possibility of preventing some phenomenon, by analyzing and processing the data, leading to an optimum functioning and to important financial economies. In this way, the paper presents a SCADA system for the monitoring and control of the te...

Water supply represents a vital problem for people, and this imposes the need to know the information regarding consumptions, resources and production. This implies a continuous supervision of the water supply process in order to allow any problem that could appear to be solved, ...

Traditionally web-based technology is not used in power plant automation and SCADA systems due to its several limitations to an advanced user interfaces. In power plant automation and SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems real-time monitoring and operational reliability requirements are high. Typically automation and SCADA systems handle critical tasks in the power production and distribution process. Controlling, operating

The Western Region of the Entergy System is limited in both generation and transmission. Steady state and dynamic voltage stability analysis has indicated that the region can be subjected to severe voltage instability followed with possible voltage collapse under certain critical double contingencies. In order to prevent voltage collapse in the region, Entergy developed a fast acting load shedding scheme called VSHED. This scheme utilizes the existing supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system to perform load shedding without manual intervention. This paper discusses the results of the voltage stability analysis performed to analyze the problem, the design and development of the VSHED scheme, computer implementation and a disturbance during which the VSHED scheme operated successfully and saved the Western Region of the Entergy System

In April 2014, the Welsh Government and the EADS Foundation Wales invested in a new research project titled “SCADA Cyber Security Lifecycle".

As a part of this project, we are conducting a SCADA mind mapping exercise.

We would like to invite all academics and practitioners who deal with SCADA systems to participate in this exercise.

You are asked only to draw YOUR MIND MAP of a SCADA system. It typically takes between 15-30 minutes.

This work gives a detailed description of some laboratory practices about SCADA/HMI systems developed for didactic purposes for various undergraduate courses at the 1st Engineering Faculty of Polytechnic of Bari, Department of Electrics and Electronics (Italy); they consider the use of National Instruments LabVIEWreg with the associated data logging and supervisory control toolset (DSCreg) to develop the SCADA/HMI portion (operator's interface and data logging) of a software simulated industrial plant consisting of a vessel with charge and discharge proportional valves, a heating/cooling element, a level sensor and two flow rate sensors. The control of this plant can be done in two different ways, according to the difficulty level of the practice: by way of a LabVIEW VI or by way of a ladder program written with RSLogix 5/500 and emulated by RSLogix Emulate 5/500 (both are Rockwell Software's products, the first being the ladder software development environment for PLC-5/SLC500 family of industrial programmable logic controllers (PLCs) from Allen Bradley and the second being the related software emulator)

Water supply represents a vital problem for people, and this imposes the need to know the information regarding consumptions, resources and production. This implies a continuous supervision of the water supply process in order to allow any problem that could appear to be solved, ...

Industrial process control, automation and SCADA systems are at risk from cyber threats such as hackers, viruses and worms. These mission and safety critical systems are at risk because of the increased use of standard IT technologies such as Windows, TCP/IP, web technologies and wireless. These technologies have introduced security risks into the control and operations environments and need to be managed effectively. Security incidents in control systems have increased significantly over recent years and hackers are starting to focus on these systems. A recent hacker conference focussed on attacking control systems and used such systems in a hacking competition. Such security incidents could have serious health, safety, environmental and reputation implications. These risks need to be effectively managed. This paper will provide an overview of the risks, summary of recent incident trends and guidance on how to manage these risks. Organisations reliant on process control, automation and SCADA systems need to review the security protection of their systems and implement effective protection measures and response processes. This paper highlights recent trends in industrial cyber security incidents oultlines an framework for organizations to manage these risks These risks are relevant to all organisations which reply on industrial process control, automation and SCADA systems for the safe and reliable operation of their plant. The consequences of security incidents in these systems could have serious health, safety, environmental and reputation implications. Process control systems are increasingly vulnerable to cyber attack Industrial process control and automation systems, including distributed control systems (DCS) and supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA) are increasingly based on standard IT technologies such as Microsoft Windows, TCP/IP, web browsers and wireless. Proprietary systems are dying out and there is a shift from bespoke systems to off-the shelf software. These factors make process control systems as easy to understand and change as business software. Furthermore, the security vulnerabilities frequently seen in the corporate IT world have now been introduced into the domain of process control systems. Despite these risks, very few of the security protection measures, common in the corporate IT world, have been included into process control system designs or implementations. Process control systems are being more widely exposed to the threats of the cyber world Industiral control systems are also now being connected to other networks and systems, further increasing their exposure to cyber threats. These systems are being marketed for their ease of connection - ‘from sensor to the boardroom’ enabling savings and efficiencies to be reaped. However, this exposes these mission and safety critical control systems to all the security issues of the corporate network, and indirectly the Internet. Control systems are now frequently supported remotely and these remote access connections can introduce vulnerabilities and render the systems susceptible to viruse and worm infectons or hacker attacks. Connection of systems into the wider supply chain (e.g. data from tank level sensors used to trigger re-ordering) can further expose these vulnerable systems to external threats and increases the risk to the business. The wider cyber world is increasingly hostile Since the start of this century there has been a dramatic increase in the number of control system cyber incidents with at least ten times the annual number of incidents per year than previously. The majority of these incidents result from now external attacks from viruses, worms and hackers, where previously the key threats were from inside organisations1.

Abstract. In Internet based laboratory (I-Lab), the lab devices and pilot plants are tested, controlled and programmed through a client program or standard web browser at remote computer. Control panels of HMI interface and user-controlled webcam allow monitoring the measurement devices or test plant behavior providing visual and audio feedback. As an online lab can be used from many locations and at any time, it can be utilized much more than a conventional lab in omni present omni tempore fashion. The paper presents such online Internet accessible laboratory built at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Sarajevo within the laboratory for HMI/SCADA systems. Web enabled HMI software with OPC communication to PLC controller is used to provide full monitoring and control to remote user, while integrated videoconferencing software is used to implement the rest of the functionalities.

In an internet assisted laboratory (online I-lab) the lab devices and pilot plants are tested, controlled and programmed through a client program or simple web browser at a remote computer. A user-controlled webcam allows monitoring the devices or pilot plant behavior. As an online lab can be used from many locations and at any time, it can be utilized much better than a conventional lab. By working with an online Internet accessible Lab, students and researchers shall not only carry out experiments but also learn how to work, program and design remotely monitored and controlled devices and processes. Online labs will support distributed group work over the Internet. Software to control and program the lab devices and pilot plants runs on central server. Furthermore, user lab access rights will be administered there or on delegated machines called service brokers. Work assignment text and hypermedia course material for the experiment are available from the same site over the Internet. The paper presents one online Internet accessible laboratory built at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Sarajevo within the laboratory for HMI/SCADA systems. Pilot plant constitutes of three tanks level control system controlled by Siemens Simatic S7-300 PLC controller. Web enabled HMI software with OPC communication to PLC controller is used to provide full monitoring and control to remote user over pilot plant operation.

A novel SCADA approach for a renewable based microgrid is proposed. The optimization scheme provides on- line set points for each generation unit, operation modes for a water supply system, and signals for consumers based on a demand side management mechanism. Additionally, different services are developed for supervising, maintenance, and repair procedures. The participation of the community is ensured through

This paper deals with the design issues of a green Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)communication infrastructure. We suggest enhancing the reliability of the SCADA system using a self poweredwireless ad-hoc network technology. The suggested SCADA infrastructure consists of various types of wirelessnodes called Wireless SCADA Router (WSR). Here, we propose that WSRs can harvest the energy needed fortheir work from the surrounding environment, especially solar energy. In order to evaluate the power consumptionof the proposed WSR under realistic SCADA traffic conditions, a simulation model is built using OPNETsimulation package. Different scenarios are run to determine the effect of the different parameters on the networktraffic and hence, the WSR power consumption. The different network traffic patterns generated from running thesimulation model are used in an experimental network based mainly on UBICOM IP2022 network processor platform (as the implementation of the proposed WSR). In order to decrease the power consumption of thesuggested WSR and to extend the life time of the batteries, a new power management scheme called "ControlledDuty Cycling (CDC)-Event Driven Duty Cycling (EDDC)" is suggested and implemented. According to thismethod, the WSR must follow Sleep/Active periods scheme and perform based on its available energy. The servicerate of the WSR is determined as a function of the WSRs' power budget.