SDR

The DVB-S2 standard is the second generation of DVB-S European standard for satellite wave's digital broadcasting that introduced in 1995 and generated latest edition in 2008.DVB-T is the European standard for digital TV broadcasting. This system was used in British in 1997 for the first time. The next DVB-T standard has a higher flexibility for pictures broadcasting with HD resolution that it introduced whit DVB-T2 title. The advantage of these standards to former versions is having higher thirty percentage performance. In this project DVB-S2 and DVB-T2 standards are analyzed. For mentioned standards only sending part has standard protocol and design of the receiving parts respected to related individuals and designers. In this article the receiving parts of above standards are designed according to sending parts and the various parts of receiving section are analyzed. For this reason that one of the purposes of this project is building common platform for these two standards, the various parts of these two digital receivers divided to two common block and uncommon block according to their performance. The parts of common block have unique performance for two digital receivers. The parts of uncommon block have various performances for two digital receivers. According as flexibility is one of the other purposes of this project, the common block with ASIC chip and the uncommon block with DSP chip are designed. The respected system can perform the mentioned standards with above chips and SDR techniques. The new capability of this system is smart to perform the other standards. This technique with switching between ASIC/DSP and full DSP architecture will achieve. This system performs the updating capability for various standards. The other new technique in this architecture designing is respecting system control operations to general processor replace to other chips. For analyzing the designed architectures in this article,

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8741719  ..........................................................................................................................Citation: N. Hosseini, H. Jamal, J. Haque, T. Magesacher and D. W. Matolak, "UAV Command and Control, Navigation and Surveillance: A Review of Potential 5G and Satellite Systems," 2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT, USA, 2019, pp. 1-10.

Drones, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or
unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are expected to be an important
component of 5G/beyond 5G (B5G) communications. This
includes their use within cellular architectures (5G UAVs), in
which they can facilitate both wireless broadcast and point-topoint transmissions, usually using small UAS (sUAS). Allowing
UAS to operate within airspace along with commercial, cargo,
and other piloted aircraft will likely require dedicated and
protected aviation spectrum—at least in the near term, while
regulatory authorities adapt to their use. The command and
control (C2), or control and non-payload communications
(CNPC) link provides safety critical information for the control
of the UAV both in terrestrial-based line of sight (LOS)
conditions and in satellite communication links for so-called
beyond LOS (BLOS) conditions. In this paper, we provide an
overview of these CNPC links as they may be used in 5G and
satellite systems by describing basic concepts and challenges.
We review new entrant technologies that might be used for UAV
C2 as well as for payload communication, such as millimeter
wave (mmWave) systems, and also review navigation and
surveillance challenges. A brief discussion of UAV-to

A software Defined Radio (SDR) device employs a reconfigurable hardware (Universal Software Radio Peripheral-USRP) that may be programmed over-the-air or software (GNU Radio) to function under different Wireless standards. This paper analyzes the effect of various parameters such as channel noise, frequency offset, timing offset, timing beta, FLL (Frequency Lock Loop) bandwidth, Costas loop (phase) bandwidth, filter roll off factor and multiply const on OFDM signal in WiMAX physical layer with concatenated coding using SDR test bed. Concatenated coding is performed by suggesting RM coder and Convolutional coders as inner code and outer codes respectively.  Moreover, bit error rate and symbol error rates performance are analyzed by varying bits per symbol, window size and modulation scheme. Results proved that BER and SER values are improved as modulation scheme size (M) is increased. OFDM signal transmission and reception is performed using USRP N210 and configured by GNU radio in the laboratory environment.

We report the accurate determination of the allelic configurations of a total of eight new citrus tetraploid hybrids by means of SSR analysis, coupled with capillary electrophoresis, and PCR based dosage effects. Tetraploid hybrids were spontaneously obtained from different interploid crosses (2x × 4x) between diploid ‘Femminello’ lemon and the allotetraploid somatic hybrid (2n = 4x = 36) ‘Key’ lime + ‘Valencia’ orange, and between diploid ‘Wilking’ and ‘Fortune’ mandarins and an autotetraploid ‘Dancy’ mandarin (2n = 4x = 36). To understand the opportunity to employ them in further backcross programs, the cytological mechanisms underlying their ploidy level were unambiguously determined using six SSR primers. PCR conditions were optimized and skewness in template/product ratios were verified. Tetraploid allelic configurations were determined from PCR based dosage effects using electropherogram peak heights to estimate the copy number per allele. In all the tetraploid hybrids we found out that diploginy (2n eggs) has occurred, contributing the extra haploid genome in the tetraploids. According to the marker genotypes, it was further inferred that the 2n eggs in ‘Femminello’ lemon resulted from first division restitution (FDR), while in ‘Wilking’ and ‘Fortune’ mandarins 2n eggs occurred in second division restitution (SDR). These new genotypes, with their improved genetic female background, can be therefore considered very valuable in our citrus genetic improvement program as pollen donors in backcrosses suitable to eliminate negative traits.

Software defined radio (SDR) technology enables implementation of wireless devices that support multiple air-interfaces and modulation formats, which is very important if consider proliferation of wireless standards. To enable such functionality SDR is using reconfigurable hardware platform such as Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this paper, we present design procedure and implementation result of SDR based QPSK modulator on Altera Cyclone IV FPGA. For design and implementation of QPSK modulator we used Altera DSP Builder Tool combined with Matlab/Simulink, Modelsim and Quartus II design tools. As reconfigurable hardware platform we used Altera DE2-115 development and education board with AD/DA daughter card. Software and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation was conducted before hardware implementation and verification of designed system. This method of design makes implementation of SDR based modulators simpler ad faster.

Software defined radio (SDR) is an important element of wireless technology and fast becoming a hot topic in the telecommunication field. Determining the digital hardware composition of a software radio is a key design step in its creation. Hybrid GPP/DSP/FPGA architecture is a viable solution for software defined radio technology. This paper demonstrates a practical design and implementation procedure for a wireless digital modem on software defined radio platforms and reports a detailed description of the baseband signal processing logic design in the FPGA portion of it. Design verification is performed through hardware in the loop testing methodology. A framework for designing wireless digital modems on hybrid software radio platforms is discussed.

The steroids allopregnanolone and allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (3alpha,5alpha-THDOC) are positive allosteric modulators of GABA(A) receptors, generated by the reduction of 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone (5alpha-DHP) and 5alpha-DHDOC, respectively, under the catalysis of human type 3 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD). However, brain enzymes catalyzing the conversion of such tetrahydrosteroids back to the corresponding 5alpha-dihydrosteroids remain to be identified. Characterization of human type 10 17beta-HSD provides a new insight into its importance for the oxidation of steroid modulators of GABA(A) receptors. The apparent catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) of this enzyme for the oxidation of allopregnanolone and 3alpha,5alpha-THDOC are 432 and 1381 min(-1) mM(-1), respectively. This enzyme has negligible 3-ketosteroid reductase activity for 5alpha-DHP and 5alpha-DHDOC even in an acidic environment. Immunoreactivity against 17beta-HSD10 was found in a number of neuronal po...

We adapted and optimized a method to quantify the cellulose, hemicellulose, xylan, arabinan, mannan, galactan contents in lignocellulosic biomass. This method is based on a neutral detergent extraction (NDE) of the interfering biomass components, followed by a sulfuric acid hydrolysis (SAH) of the structural polysaccharides, and a liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection (LC-CAD) to analyze the released monosaccharides. The first step of this NDE-SAH-LC-CAD method aims at removing all compounds that interfere with the subsequent sulphuric acid hydrolysis or with the subsequent chromatographic quantification of the cellulosic and hemicellulosic monosaccharides. This step includes starch hydrolysis with an analytical thermostable α-amylase followed by an extraction of soluble compounds by a Van Soest neutral detergent solution (NDE). The aim of this paper was to assess the precision of this method when choosing fiber sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), tall fescue (Fest...

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8384840 ......................................................................

Citation: N. Hosseini and D. W. Matolak, "Wide band channel characterization for low altitude unmanned aerial system communication using software defined radios," 2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS), Herndon, VA, 2018, pp. 2C2-1-2C2-9.

In the near future, there will be a need for accommodating large populations of fast moving Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) operating in uncontrolled, very low level (VLL) (below 500 ft.) airspace. As is well-known, real-time knowledge of the wireless propagation channel is essential for the effective design and optimization of wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose a software defined radio (SDR) based channel sounder employing a wideband linear frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) or chirp waveform technique for low altitude air-to-air (AA) links. This paper discusses both matched filter and heterodyne detector implementations in the receiver, and investigates advantages and disadvantages of both architectures for an SDR implementation in an AA scenario. We also discuss proper windowing techniques in the transmitter to improve sounding resolution. Some proof of concept measurement results using SDRs are presented for a simulated UAS scenario.

Wireless and mobile communication is an important technology that improves user’s daily life and facilitates the development of some new technology such as electronic commerce and mobile commerce. Replication is a fundamental technique for supporting concurrent work practices in mobile environments. Optimistic replication algorithms allow replica contents to become stale but in a controlled way. In return, they become far more efficient and available than traditional replication algorithms that keep all the replicas consistent, especially when the network and computers are unreliable. The use of optimistic replication has grown explosively due to the proliferation of the use of the Internet and mobile computing devices, but its systematic study has begun only recently. This paper explores the various replication strategies, replication in mobile environment, benefits and challenges of optimistic replication in mobile applications.

Community radio is the third model of radio broadcasting besides the commercial and public systems. It aims to provide individuals with local news and information that are important to a small community. This paper presents a new software defined radio approach to implementing community radio using Raspberry Pi, GNURadio, USB RTL – SDR sticks, and Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). The main goal is to define and demonstrate a low cost, flexible transmitter and receiver using cost effective devices such as Raspberry PI computer, RTL-SDR dongle and USRP.

The article presents a method which organizes men-in-the-middle attack and penetration test on Bluetooth Low Energy devices and ZigBee packets by using software define radio with sniffing and spoofing packets, capture and analysis techniques on wireless waves with the focus on BLE. The paper contains the analysis of the latest scientific works in this area, provides a comparative analysis of SDRs with the rationale for the choice of hardware, gives the sequence order of actions for collecting wireless data packets and data collection from ZigBee and BLE devices, and analyzes ways which can improve captured wireless packet analysis techniques. The results of the experimental setup, collected for the study, were analyzed in real time and the collected wireless data packets were compared with the one, which have sent the origin. The result of the experiment shows the weaknesses of local wireless networks.

How is information encoded in the brain in terms of computational intelligence? To answer this computer designer and neuroscientists have formulated a plausible mathematical model of human long-term memory, namely Sparse Distributed Memory, that can also be recognized as generalized random-access memory in a computational system. As computer scientists are continuously trying to develop such an artificial neural network that can learn and act as biological neural networks of a brain, SDM can enhance this interest in the nearest future. In this report, it will be discussed about the principal and operation of SDM and how it can act as a Neural Network.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8001874  .........................................

Citation: N. Hosseini and D. W. Matolak, "Software defined radios as cognitive relays for satellite ground stations incurring terrestrial interference," 2017 Cognitive Communications for Aerospace Applications Workshop (CCAA), Cleveland, OH, 2017, pp. 1-4.

Satellite to ground links are extremely vulnerable to any type of terrestrial interference due to the relatively weak satellite signal at the ground stations. This can cause connection failures or degradation in performance at the ground station, which could in some cases be significant or even catastrophic. The great flexibility of software defined radio (SDR) systems facilitates the implementation of cognitive relays as a complementary entity that can help reduce the effects of interference. In this paper, we describe a cognitive SDR testbed that has been developed based on the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) and the GNU radio software platform. One of our testbed's aims is to evaluate error performance improvements of satellite signal relays in the presence of interference. We report on performance evaluation in terms of bit error ratio (BER) as a function of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) and in the presence of interference, for our detect and relay algorithms in an example frequency band, using an emulated desired (satellite-relay-ground station) signal. Our testbed contains four separate segments: satellite (emulated), relay, interferer, and ground receiver. At each segment, we transmit and/or receive signals via SDRs or standard communication laboratory equipment. We consider two relaying protocols in our work, amplify-and-forward (AF), and decode-and-forward (DF). Initial experiments were indoors, although outdoor testing with small unmanned aircraft systems is planned for future work. Our experiments explore the effects of different relaying techniques, and provide some quantitative results on performance improvements via our software defined radio approach.

In this paper, we describe the cognitive radios sharing the spectrum with licensed users and its effects on operational coexistence with unlicensed users. Due to the unlicensed spectrum band growing needs and usage by many IEEE 802.11 protocols, normal wireless radio operation sees high interference leading to high error rates on operational environments. We study the licensed bands and the characteristics of the unlicensed bands, as it is know that the licensed bands have a maximum limit of FCC interference for a licensed set of frequencies. The cognitive algorithm for this probabilistic model for the unlicensed users, uses a model which takes into account the threshold variable ratio Eb/No and also calculates the lower-bound of the combined value of secondary user interference for overlapping frequencies with the primary user. By using simulation, we detect the primary user when the radio frequencies are known a priori and compare it when the frequencies are unknown and needs to cognitively detected. In our analysis we exploit the similarity measure seen at each sub-channel frequencies, which are due to multiple paths of the same reflected signal by maximizing the correlated information of the correlation matrix. For the general case the covariance matrix for blind source separation, we use ICA de-correlation methods and show that cognitive radios can efficiently identify users in complex situations.

A cognitive radio is the final point of software-defined radio platform evolution : a fully reconfigurable radio that changes its communication modules depending on network and/or user demands. His definition on reconfigurability is very broad and we only focus on the heterogeneous reconfigurable hardware platform for cognitive radio. software defined radio (SDR) basically refers to a set of techniques that permit the reconfiguration of a communication system without the need to change any hardware system element. The goal of Software Defined Radio is to produce communication devices which can support several different services. These terminals must adapt their hardware structure in function of the wireless networks such as GSM, UMTS, wireless LAN standards like IEEE 802.11a/b/g As a consequence, NoC offer good perspectives to future SoC in the way to satisfy SDR concept. Conception, validation and evaluation of solutions for NoC design (mapping of cores, topology, FIFO and link sizes) is conducted through simulations. We are proposing to extend the NoC structure to a FPGA where PR (Partial Reconfiguration) is used to dynamically reconfigure the requested IP block of the telecommunication chain. This work is part of our contribution for E2RII project and IDROMEL project.

Software-defined radios offer a programmable and dynamically reconfigurable method of reusing hardware to implement the physical layer processing of multiple communications systems. An SDR can dynamically change protocols and update communications systems over the air as a service provider allows. In this article we discuss a baseband solution for an SDR system and describe a 2 Mb/s WCDMA design with GSM/GPRS and 802.11b capability that executes all physical layer processing completely in software. We describe the WCDMA communications protocols with a focus on latency reduction and unique implementation techniques. We also describe the underlying technology that enables software execution. Our solution is programmed in C and executed on a multithreaded processor in real time.