STEAM

Globally, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary learning in schools has become an increasingly popular and growing area of interest for educational reform. This prompts discussions about Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM), which is shifting educational paradigms toward art integration in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects. Authentic tasks (i.e. real-world problems) address complex or multistep questions and offer opportunities to integrate disciplines across science and arts, such as in STEAM. This study addresses the following research question: what interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary skills do students learn through different models of STEAM education in nonprofit and in-school contexts? We carried out a qualitative case study in which we conducted interviews, observations, and data analysis of curriculum documents. A total of 103 participants (19 adults – director and instructors/teachers – and 84 students) participated in the study. The four STEAM programs comparatively taught both discipline-specific and beyond-discipline character-building skills. The skills taught include critical thinking and problem-solving; collaboration and communication; and creativity and innovation. The main findings on student learning focused on students developing perseverance and adaptability, and them learning transferable skills. In contrast to other research on STEAM, this study identifies both the enablers and the tensions. Also, we stress ongoing engagement with stakeholders (focus group), which has the potential to impact change in teaching and teacher development, as well as in related policies.

Music educators regularly face the problem of tradition and change. We know we live in a rapidly evolving world, and that music education should reflect the world in which we live, and yet, due to the nature of our backgrounds, we often default to defending the value of things that people outside of music education would likely describe as quite traditional (such as reading staff notation or learning to play the clarinet or trombone). This is understandable, of course. The curriculum of the Bachelor of Music degree is modeled on the conservatory. Our existence is predicated on defending the canon. We are the protectors of the flame (with apologies to fans of the television show, The 100). Or so we would like to think. In fact, we are rather quick to abandon our principles for the sake of job preservation. We never admit to this, of course. That would be crass. We always justify our actions with appeals to "the music." A quick review of music education history, for example, reveals that, in the first half of the twentieth century, American music educators

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Keywords: Design, Design Thinking, Design Education, Design Economy, Digital Literacy, Ethical Imagination, Creativity, Sustainability, K12

While the acronym STEAM Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics has become a buzzword in educational settings, STEAM Education is still at an early stage in its development. In fact, many consider the promotion of STEAM Education as being based on relatively weak empirical grounds. This special issue responds to the need for additi the STEAM construct is defined, with its origin, characteristics, and various models described. The barriers that hinder or prevent its application in the classroom are also analyzed. The second part presents the six articles included in the special issue. The first article analyzes the theoretical bases of STEAM Education. It is followed by five empirical studies: two are contextualized within Primary Education, two within Secondary Education, and one final study on STEAM teacher education. We trust that this series of studies will contribute to further develop the theoretical, epistemological, and practical frameworks underpinning STEAM Education.

In this paper, I argue for an explicit role for design in STEM, perhaps as another, albeit less popular, iteration, STEAMD. We cannot take design for granted in STEM or STEAM and design is unique in its ways of knowing. The first section provides a background for the argument and focuses on Cross’s work. We can assert from this that STEM and STEAM are inadequate without recognition of the uniqueness of design. The second section outlines risks of superficial design in STEM and STEAM. In the final analysis, we need novel methodologies as well as responsive ethics in STEAMD educational research. This paper grounds a symposium that follows with conceptual and empirical direction for exploring designerly ways, means, and ends in STEM and STEAM educational research.

In this study, chitin oligosaccharides have been successfully produced using chitinases from submerged fermentation of Lecanicillium lecanii. The highest Hex, Chit and Prot production was 0.14, 0.26 and 2.05U/mg of protein, respectively, which were attained varying pH from 5 to 8 after 96h. Culture conditions conducted at constant pH of 6 resulted in significantly lower enzyme production. The crude enzyme was partially purified by salting out with (NH4)2SO4 followed by size exclusion chromatography to isolate the chitinase mixture for further chitin hydrolysis assays. In this regard, chitin substrates were pretreated with sonication and steam explosion prior to enzymatic reaction. Structural changes were observed with steam explosion with 11.28% reduction of the crystallinity index attained with the lowest chitin/water ratio (0.1g/mL). Pretreated chitins reached the highest production of reducing sugars (0.37mg/mL) and GlcNAc (0.59mg/mL) in 23.6% yield.

Energy is an important material basis for human survival and development, per capita consumption of energy, the composition of energy, usage of energy is often used as a measure of the degree of modernization of a country. With the development of society and industry, the worldwide energy crisis has become urgent, the relationship between human life and death big problem.. Experts estimate that, if you do not change the current energy consumption structure and speed, not the development of new energy, after 200 to 300 years ago, all the energy in the world will be depleted. Thus, effective energy conservation has become one of the core research of global energy issues. During our time spent in the industry, we came across such a problem. In this research, I have included all the information regarding the Condensate Heat Recovery System which was created by us during our final year college project, which recycles the heat that is being sent to the waste reservoir and thereby increases the overall efficiency of the boiler. It not only increases the profit of the organization but also decreases the thermal pollution and thus the system is eco-friendly. I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, usage of energy is at its peak by the industries. In the meantime we took one small initiate to reduce the amount of energy used by a particular industry. We include all the calculations and observation tables to depict an idea about the system which we have designed. Condensate Heat Recovery is a system in which the waste steam pipes are connected so that the wastage of energy shall be reduced by connecting that system to the Boiler. The temperature and the amount of steam energy which was wasted is mentioned in this research paper. Efficiency before the installation and after installation is figured. Designed model including evaluation with Economic analysis are shown further. In this paper, we have also discussed the basic boiler system and how the heat from it is being utilized in process heating. A boiler is an enclosed vessel that provides a means for combustion and transfers heat to water until it becomes hot water or steam. The hot water or steam under pressure is then usable for transferring the heat to a process. Water is a useful and cheap medium for transferring heat to a process. When water is boiled into steam its volume increases about 1,600 times, producing a force that is almost as explosive as gunpowder. This causes the boiler to be extremely dangerous equipment and should be treated carefully. Liquid when heated up to the gaseous state this process is called evaporation. The heating surface is any part of the boiler; hot gases of combustion are on one side and water on the other. Any part of the boiler metal that contributes to making steam is heating surface. The amount of heating surface of a boiler is expressed in square meters. The larger the heating surface a boiler has, the more efficient it becomes.

The effects of the application of steam at atmospheric pressure for times up to 20 s on the numbers of inoculated Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli on whole chicken carcasses were investigated in a pilot steam cabinet. Steam treatments reduced the numbers of C. jejuni AR6 by ca. 1.8, 2.6 and 3.3 log10 cfu cm− 2 in 10, 12 and 20 s, respectively. Corresponding reductions in numbers of E. coli K12 were 1.7, 2.3 and 2.8 log10 cfu cm− 2. However, such treatments caused the skin to shrink and change colour. The optimum treatment for maximum reductions of C. jejuni and E. coli, least skin shrinkage and change of colour was concluded to be < 12 s. Further work was carried out to determine whether a modified air chilling system in combination with steam or hot water decontamination treatments could be used to reduce numbers of pathogens, particularly campylobacters, on the surface of poultry carcasses. Whole chicken carcasses inoculated with C. jejuni and E. coli were either not treated, treated with steam at atmospheric pressure for up to 10 s or treated with hot water at 80 °C for up to 20 s, then either chilled by crust freezing, chilled at 0 °C, or chilled at 15 °C, in a pilot chilling chamber. The optimum combination was treatment with water at 80 °C for 20 s followed by crust freezing, which reduced the numbers of C. jejuni and E. coli by ca. 2.9 and 3.2 log10 cfu cm− 2, respectively, without extensive degradation of carcass appearance.

Buku dengan judul “How to STEAM your Classroom, Revo 4.0 Model – Outside The Box (Part-1)” disusun dalam rangka untuk memberikan wawasan tentang kecakapan abad 21 dan bagaimana menerapkannya di kelas dengan berbagai metode dan pendekatan yang ada karena terkadang kita hanya fokus pada standar kecakapan siswa abad 21 dan lupa akan standar kecakapan guru abad 21.
Revo 4.0 Model merupakan model yang terisnpirasi dari buku “Teacher as Architect” dengan mengadaptasi istilah Multiple Learning Pathways. Sedangkan STEAM (STEMA/STEM) merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang digunakan dalam model ini bersama dengan pendekatan dan model-model lainnya. Perlu cara-cara baru untuk mengatasi berbagai “handicap” seperti terbatasnya waktu tatap muka dan target/tuntutan kurikulum dalam penerapan model-model pembelajaran.
Harapan kami buku ini tidak hanya dapat bermanfaat bagi guru-guru Informatika dan TIK akan tetapi untuk guru pengampu mata pelajaran lain serta para penggiat pendidikan lainnya sebagai alternatif referensi untuk membuka wawasan mengenai model-model pembelajaran abad 21 dan penerapannya di dalam kelas. Masukan dan saran yang konstruktif dapat disampaikan ke fathur@agtifindo.or.id .

This study reveals how users' play patterns can predict their next purchase after recommending the game. While prior research has recognized what convinces users to choose the games, what has been lacking is considering unique characteristics of video games allowing consumers to experience video games permanently until satiation. Thus, this study examines: (1) How does user play time influence next purchase timing after expressing opinions via the review systems? and (2) How does the relationship between play patterns and re-purchase timing patterns change by game genres? To answer these research questions, we collected data from Valve Corporation's Steam. Using an R program to crawl the data, we gathered 244,360 reviews from 6,170 games between February 2018 and March 2018. With Cox proportional-hazards models, we found that user play patterns were dependening on their satisfaction with the games. We also found that if a user stops playing, even after recommending a game, they are less likely to buy a new game. Additionally, frustrated players turn to variety-seeking behavior, thus spending time playing other games, and are more likely to buy new games. In the subgroup analysis, we also found that users who recently played a Casual game have the highest probability of buying a new game. Video games are an interesting experience goods due to their unique characteristics; consumers can keep consuming products until they are satiated. However, to our best knowledge, there is a lack of study about satiation's effect on game consumption. Many researches on video games have examined various topics with many research methodologies, such as descriptive statistics, experiments, survey, observational studies, or network analyses. However, unlike previous studies, we directly collected user play pattern and purchase data from Valve and examined how the behavior of purchasing a new game is related to user play pattern after the recommendation. This is a novel methodology of using data crawling and econometrics modeling to investigate game users' purchase behavioral patterns with the observational data. So, we believe that our study can benefit marketing managers and game developers, providing critical information regarding target markets and play patterns of potential consumers.

Steam boiler Drum is steam boiler equipment used to obtain pure steam from the clouds of water in the steam produced by the steam boiler to ensure the pure generation of steam obtained in the steam boilers and transfer to various energy conversion systems.

A curriculum that integrates Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (called STEM education) has been implemented in K-12 schools in the United States for several years. The purpose of this article is to explore the further integration of issues-based art education into STEM education (hereafter-called issues-based STEAM education) to expand the benefits of STEM education for school children. Adopting issues-based art education into STEM education provides students with a more authentic learning experience because its interdisciplinary pedagogy emphasizes inquiry-based, real-world learning, and critical thinking. In this article, we discuss the recent educational movement from STEM to STEAM,

Failure investigation was carried out on a refinery steam boiler that had a history of good performance with few leakages and damages that were successfully weld repaired. The steam boiler tubes were observed to have developed several perforations / punctures on numerous furnace chamber tubes, twenty two years after commissioning. In the course of the investigation, background data and history of failure were collected with available photographic evidences, visual examination, low magnification examination, chemical analysis, SEM analysis, EDS analysis, macrostructure examination, microstructure examination, tensile test hardness and micro-hardness tests. It was concluded that the failure of the tubes were due to upsets in the water chemistry that has promoted caustic gouging from ID at localized places. Adjustments to boiler water chemistry which should be made to maintain strict congruent phosphate pH control was then recommended.

Full paper submissions are invited for the 2018 International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research to be held in Mauritius from 22nd to 23rd June 2018. This is an exceptional platform for researchers, academics, students, innovators, scientists and industry practitioners to discuss current research which is shaping a new world society. This conference will be a good platform to share research, innovations and best-practices where constructive feedback and engagement with domain experts is expected. Many topics of the multi-disciplinary nature as a response to everyday challenges faced in both developing and developed world contexts will be discussed. We encourage submissions of cross-disciplinary nature cutting across many disciplines/subject-areas. We encourage any submissions that present novel ideas, works-in-progress or any concepts that you think can benefit from inputs from experts. Students and/or emerging researchers are encouraged to participate. The following are the different tracks in this conference:
Track 1: STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics)
Track 2: Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences
Track 3: Business, Management & Accounting
Track 4: Education

Kaya, D, and Hung, YT (2020). Treatment of vegetable oil refining wastes. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 2, Number 2, February 2020; 80 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Newtonville, NY, 12128-0405, USA. No. STEAM-VOL2-NUM2-FEB2020; ISBN 978-0-9890870-3-2. --------------- ABSTRACT: The common vegetable oils are soybean, sesame, sunflower, corn, canola, and cotton seeds. Their yields, compositions and physical and chemical properties determine their usefulness in various applications aside edible uses. Crude oils obtained by pressing of such vegetable seeds are not usually considered to be edible before the removal of various nonglyceride compounds through operations known as refining. The refining processes remove undesirable materials such as phospholipids, monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, colour and pigments, oxidised materials, etc., but, may also remove valuable minor components such as antioxidants and vitamins (carotenes and tocopherols). The major steps involved in chemical refining include degumming, neutralizing, bleaching, and deodorizing which are the main sources of the effluent. The chapter covers refining steps, its environmental impacts, waste characterization, source reduction, recovery and treatment technologies.------------KEYWORDS: vegetable oil industry, vegetable oil, refining, industrial wastewater, waste characterization, reduction, removability, treatment technologies, STEM, STEAM

Including Concepts of Climate Change Adaptation in light of (STEAM) Course in the Curriculum of High School of Excellence Students in Science & Technology

Abstract:
The aim of the research is to prepare a proposal for integrating climate change adaptation’ concepts in the curricula of STEM schools by designing the Interdisciplinary Conceptual Curriculum based on (STEAM) Course. The researcher followed the descriptive approach in a theoretical study to identify the major practical concepts and related key concepts appropriate students’ level, and defining a way of including climate change adaptation’ concepts in the curriculum. As well as a procedural study to identify the extent to which these concepts are included in the curricula of STEM schools in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Besides, identify expert opinions on the components of the proposed (STEAM) curriculum. The results showed the weakness of including the concepts of climate change adaptation in the current curricula, and the relevance of the proposed curriculum components. The researcher recommended including the concepts in the curricula of STEM schools, and applying the (STEAM) curriculum.

Wong, JM, Farmerie, JE, and Wang, LK. (2019). Operation and performance of Clari-DAF® system for water purification. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 1, Number 8, August 2019; 63 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Newtonville, NY, 12128-0405, USA. No. STEAM-VOL1-NUM8-AUG2019; ISBN 978-0-9890870-3-2. ---------------- ABSTRACT:  Xylem Water & Wastewater has provided Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) systems to the municipal potable water treatment market since the early 1990s. This chapter will discuss the DAF process and the high-rate Clari-DAF® system design criteria. It will also present data from pilot studies and case studies of full-scale Clari-DAF® plants in operation showing expected performance through the system.------------KEYWORDS: Dissolved air flotation, DAF, Rapid mix, Flocculators, Velocity gradient, Dispersion zone, Flotation cell, Collector header, Loading rate, Recycle rate, Hydraulic desludging, Mechanical desludging, Coagulant, Hydroxide floc, Micron size floc, Micron size bubbles, Clari-DAF, Water purification, Xylem, STEM, STEAM

Full paper submissions or abstracts are invited for the 2020 International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (MyRes) to be held in Mauritius as a virtual event from 14th to 15th December 2020. This is an exceptional platform for researchers, academics, students, innovators, scientists and industry practitioners to discuss current research which is shaping a new world society. This conference will be a good platform to share research, innovations and best-practices where constructive feedback and engagement with domain experts is expected. Many topics of the multi-disciplinary nature as a response to everyday challenges faced in both developing and developed world contexts will be discussed. We encourage submissions of cross-disciplinary nature cutting across many disciplines/subject-areas. We encourage any submissions that present novel ideas, works-in-progress or any concepts that you think can benefit from inputs from experts. Students and/or emerging researchers are encouraged to participate.

Boiler is the major part of industries and power plants. Mostly thermal power plants have boilers to produce electrical energy from steam. But thermal power plants are located in remote areas due to it harmful environment. By increasing the power demand and decreasing the cost for operating and maintenance are increase the reliability of the power plant. To satisfy the power need of the nation, power production is done in thermal power plant for 24 hours in 365 days without fail. But monitoring process is not possible for each and every second. Monitoring process is very important for safety of the workers and high secured operation of the power plant. The aim of the project is to develop monitoring of boiler parameters using wireless communication and to avoid the accidents in hazardous places wherever the humans not able to work. Boiler parameters are monitored by using sensors. Temperature, humidity, water level and gas are the parameters to be monitored and monitored values are visualized through think speak by using Internet of Things.

A steam toasting machine for pre-treatment of oil bearing seeds was designed and fabricated by Desfabeng Company Nigeria Limited Bida, Nigeria. The major component of the machine includes; hopper, heating unit, conveyor, toasting unit, electric motor of 0.25kW and a gear motor of 0.25kW. Results of testing of the system revealed maximum oil yield of 42 %, 46%, 48 % and 40 % for neem oil (8% mc), ground nut oil (6% mc), sesame oil (6%) and shea nut (10% mc) respectively. Also the result of physicochemical analysis of the oil sample showed that the values ranged from 0.3 to 2.87 for free fatty acid, 0.38 to 2.93 mg/g for peroxide value, and 39.12 mg/g to 106.16 mg/g for iodine value. The capacity of the system was 4 tons per day. The new system will help in eliminating the shortcoming associated with direct toasting of oilseeds with open fire.

Abstract:  Mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) was extracted and characterized by its composition and molecular weight distribution. Mucilage film-forming dispersions were prepared under different pHs (3, 4, 5.6, 7, and 8) and calcium concentration (0% and 30% of CaCl2, with respect to mucilage's weight), and their particle size determined. Mucilage films with and without calcium (MFCa and MF, respectively) were prepared. The effect of calcium and pH on mucilage films was evaluated determining thickness, color, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS), and percentage of elongation (%E). The average molecular weight of the different fractions of mucilage was: 3.4 × 106 (0.73%), 1 × 105 (1.46%), 1.1 × 103 (45.79%), and 2.4 × 102 Da (52.03%). Aqueous mucilage dispersions with no calcium presented particles with an average size d(0.5) of 15.4 μm, greater than the dispersions with calcium, 13.2 μm. MFCa films showed more thickness (0.13 mm) than the MF films (0.10 mm). The addition of calcium increased the WVP of the films from 109.94 to 130.45 gmm/m2dkPa. Calcium and pH affected the mechanical properties of the films; the largest TS was observed on MF films, whereas the highest %E was observed on MFCa films. The highest differences among MF and MFCa films were observed at pHs 5.6 and 7 for TS and at pHs 4 and 8 for %E. No effect of pH and calcium was observed on luminosity and hue angle. Chroma values were higher for MF when compared with MFCa, and increased as pH of the films increased.Practical Application:  In this study mucilage from nopal was extracted and characterized by its ability to form edible films under different pHs, and with or without the addition of calcium. Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage had the ability to form edible films. In general, it can be considered that mucilage films without modification of pH and without the addition of calcium have the best water vapor barrier properties and tensile strength. Mucilage from nopal could represent a good option for the development of edible films in countries where nopal is highly produced at low cost, constituting a processing alternative for nopal.