Background: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are insects of medical importance due to the role that some species play in the transmission of leishmaniasis. This work aimed to study some ecological aspects among sand flies... more
Background: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are insects of medical importance due to the role that some species play in the transmission of leishmaniasis. This work aimed to study some ecological aspects among sand flies fauna inhabiting two different environments: the várzea (lowland Amazonian forest) and terra firme (upland Amazonian forest), both located in Tefé Municipality, Amazonas State, Braziland to detect Leishmania infection in those phlebotomine populations. Methods: Sand flies were collected using HP light traps. Collection took place over the course of six months: January, February, April, August, September, and October of 2013. To detect natural infection by Leishmania, DNA samples were extracted from female sand flies and submitted to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the kDNA gene; Leishmania species were identified by PCR-RFLP targeting the hsp70 gene and genetic sequencing. Results: In all, 5,716 individuals were collected, and 46 species were identified. Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (3,330 – 58.26%) and Nyssomyia antunesi (661 – 11.26%) were the most abundant species. Species richness was greater in terra firme environments (42 species) than in the várzea environments (22 species), and forests ecotopes (43 species) were richer than peridomiciles (28 species). DNA of Leishmania was found in Th. ubiquitalis and Psychodopygus davisi, both of which inhabit the terra firme environment and sequencing analysis confirmed the presence of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni DNA in Th. ubiquitalis in Tefé Municipality.
Phlebotomus (P.) papatasi, P. (P.) tobbi, and P. (P.) sergenti species occur as the main vectors for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in Çukurova Region (Adana, Mersin, Osmaniye), Turkey. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method was used to... more
Phlebotomus (P.) papatasi, P. (P.) tobbi, and P. (P.) sergenti species occur as the main vectors for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in Çukurova Region (Adana, Mersin, Osmaniye), Turkey. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method was used to demonstrate the distribution modeling of P. papatasi, P. tobbi, and P. sergenti collected from Çukurova Region. According to the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method, the center of the dispersal of all three sand fly species was demonstrated as İmamoğlu where the CL disease is common. Çukurova Bölgesindeki Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus tobbi ve Phlebotomus sergenti, Türlerinin Ters Uzaklık Ağırlıklı İnterpolasyon Yöntemi ile (IDW) Dağılışlarının Haritalanması Öz: Phlebotomus (P.) papatasi, P. (P.) tobbi ve P. (P.) sergenti türleri kütanöz leşmanyöz'ün (CL) Türkiye'nin Çukurova Bölgesi'nde ana vektörleridir. Çukurova Bölgesi'nden (Adana, Mersin, Osmaniye) toplanan P. papatası, P. tobbi ve P. sergenti'nin dağılım modellemesi için ters uzaklık ağırlıklı interpolasyon (IDW) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. IDW yöntemi sonuçlarına göre CL hastalığının yaygın olduğu İmamoğlu üç kum sineği türü için dağılım merkezi olarak görülmektedir.
Background: Leishmaniasis, visceral and cutaneous, is seen in Turkey and has both public and veterinary importance. So far, four Leishmania species and their vectors have been detected in Turkey. Vector control is essential in endemic... more
Background: Leishmaniasis, visceral and cutaneous, is seen in Turkey and has both public and veterinary importance. So far, four Leishmania species and their vectors have been detected in Turkey. Vector control is essential in endemic areas and several personal protection methods are available including long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). In this study, we aimed to measure the effects of usage and storage conditions on LLINs in a village-scale study. Methods: Olyset w Plus bed nets were set up in different climatic conditions (rain, exposed to sunlight and humidity) and collected after 6 months. The effectiveness of bed nets were tested by WHO's cone test method using wild-caught sand flies. Results: Bed nets, which were placed directly exposed to sunlight (A1, A2) showed lower (17.2%) knock down effect compared to bed nets placed indoors (A3, B1). Twenty-four hour mortality was 100% for the five study groups (A2, A3, B1, C1, C2) whereas group A1 was found to have a lower mortality rate (44.4%). Conclusion: Bed nets need to avoid direct exposure to sunlight. When used and stored in appropriate conditions (cool, well-ventilated place away from sunlight) they can be used as an effective vector control tool in endemic areas.
Kala- azar is a disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of certain species of sand fly, including flies in the genus Lutzomyia in the New
