Shiatsu

Physiotherapy and Fundamental Ethics engages the field of physiotherapy through a critique of its contemporary foundations from the perspective of the ethics philosophy of Emmannuel Levinas, in order to develop novel approaches to physiotherapy practice. Physiotherapy is a well-established healthcare profession, practiced in healthcare systems around the world. Despite its success, modern healthcare more generally faces a number of significant challenges, including increasing financial burdens, an increasingly ageing and chronically ill population, ongoing technological innovation, and diminishing trust in conventional healthcare. Ways in which physiotherapy could respond to these challenges and adapt to future needs are being explored. One approach entails a thorough reassessment of the profession’s status quo and its subsequent development, drawing on hitherto unexamined philosophies, methodologies, and practices. This study seeks to contribute to these efforts by drawing on a range of traditions that have not yet been introduced to the profession, but appear to hold great potential for its critical reassessment and development.
Levinas’s fundamental ethics provides the theoretical framework for this, beginning with its exposition of the ontological and epistemological underpinnings of Western metaphysics and science as implicating a violence against the other. This violence consists in negating the other and any relation to otherness through a totalizing movement, assimilating the other into the categories and capacities of the knowing ego, its knowledge, and self. Consonant with researchers who consider implications of Levinas’s work to other healthcare professions, I argue that Levinassian ethics reveals the theories and practices that shape contemporary physiotherapy as inadvertently opposing its original therapeutic motives and aspirations. By arguing that the other is characterised by a preceding and un-encompassable infinity and exteriority, Levinas developed his contrasting conceptions of fundamental ethics and the self-in-relation as otherwise than being. These provide the theoretical grounds on which I develop a novel understanding of the physiotherapist and physiotherapy practice. They are developed around the key notions of passivity and accompaniment drawn from Levinassian literature and further expanded throughout this thesis.

Inasmuch as ethics as passivity and accompaniment questions the very possibility of practice without doing violence, I draw on Pierre Hadot’s approach to philosophy as a way of life, and the philosophies and practices of predominantly Japanese lineages of Zen(-buddhism), Aikido and other martial arts, and the treatment approach, Shiatsu. Building on their distinct emphases on physical practice and a resonance between them that I elucidate, I argue that they provide particularly fertile grounds for the development of otherwise physiotherapy practices.

Autoethnography provides the methodological point of departure, as this study sets out from my personal involvements in physiotherapy and the Japanese philosophical, martial, and therapeutic traditions. Autoethnography was adapted in this thesis through a critical encounter with Levinas’s and Hadot’s work. This consolidated the contrasting and conjunctural encounter of physiotherapy with fundamental ethics and other philosophies and practices for physiotherapy’s critique and development. Through this methodological engagement with Levinas and Hadot, the research offers a novel development of autoethnography to the fields of qualitative research. Its broad reference-field further indicates contributions that inflect across these fields, including other healthcare professions underpinned by the same ontology and epistemology. The primary aims of this study remain the development of a critical perspective that expands on Levinas’s fundamental ethics, and the development of novel approaches to physiotherapy on this basis.

Thérapie psychocorporelle et massage ayurvédiques — Théorie et pratique de l’événement, Louvain-la-Neuve, Éditions Chromatika, 2020. (ISBN 978-2-930517-64-3, pdf 978-2-930517-65-0 ; 134 pp., 17 €)

https://www.i6doc.com/fr/book/?gcoi=28001100284270 

Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, l'importance de l’approche psychocorporelle et la richesse de la médecine traditionnelle indienne sont reconnues dans le monde de la santé, mais elles n’ont encore
jamais été mises en synergie théoriquement et pratiquement.

Thérapie psychocorporelle et massage ayurvédiques présente les fondements de cet art bifrons à l’aide d’une triple focale :
Généraliste : introduire les enjeux de la thérapie psychocorporelle ayurvédique (au sens large
Spécialiste : systématiser, à l’usage des thérapeutes, les outils théoriques et pratiques fondamentaux
Didactique : servir de support aux formations que les auteurs organisent périodiquement

Laureline Kergueris est doctorante en droit à l’Université Paris 1 – Panthéon Sorbonne. Elle pratique et se forme en shiatsu et en massage ayurvédique depuis 2015.
Michel Weber est professeur de philosophie à l’Université du Saskatchewan (Canada). Il a créé le cabinet ayurvédique Metabyanga en 2020.

Das Auge ist das Sinnesorgan zur Wahrnehmung von Lichtreizen und es interessiert mich wegen seiner starken Wirkung auf das Leben. Für alle, die keine Sehstörungen haben, wird das „Leben“ direkt ohne Hilfsmittel über die Augen zum Gehirn weiter geleitet.
Das Ziel von Shiatsu ist die Ki wieder in eigenem Lauf strömen zu lassen. Nach den fünf Elementen entsprechen die Augen die Körperöffnung des Holzes. Auf die zwei entsprechenden Meridiane findet man einige Tsubos die unterstützen und eine Wirkung haben auf die Fähigkeit der Augen. Daher möchte ich die Möglichkeiten, die Shiatsu bietet, tiefer erforschen um die Augen zu unterstützen.

According to the cosmological foundations of classical Chinese medicine, the physiological processes of the human body can be categorized into 12 functional networks. These networks are conceived to resonate with the various powers of nature as they manifest themselves during the 12 months of the year and the 12 double-hours of the day. Each time period features a set of normal " physiological " occurrences. Similarly, the scientists of ancient China also defined the shadow sides of macrocosm and microcosm, by specifying catastrophic diversions from regular weather patterns in nature and describing pathological expressions by the organ networks of the human body.

I saw that a multitude of choices are offered to the pregnant women: coaches, doctors, books,... and that some time the evolutionary aspects, rituals, a positive approach, the suggestions of the Grand Mother are missing.
Pregnancy is a highly ancestral ritual that shows how strong and dominant is the nature in our body. Babies are starting their life with the most intimate and unique bond that they will ever encounter in their life . Women and babies are living these nine months since “millions of years” and probably, the Sapiens, since 70’000 years like we are doing now a day . Actually these nine months are the expression of the law of evolution: influencing the mankind population on this Earth  and somehow electing the woman as an Idol .
So I have chosen the topic of this dissertation pushed by the need to understand how to integrate, transform and give back the ancestral life energy, which I consider the source of that inner voice  and the Placenta, the first root between us and the outer world. I will write and investigate briefly on the following topics:
- a short overview on the Placenta and on the Parents during pregnancy (chapter 1),
- how can a Shiatsu therapist be helpful during and after the pregnancy (ch. 2),
- self reflection on how “Shiatsu and Pregnancy” brought me to a new optimal balance (ch. 3 and 4),
- some inspirations and bibliography (ch. 5).
This writing does not want to be exhaustive or fully detailed; it is just a brief consideration on the benefits that Shiatsu can provide during and after pregnancy. Enjoy reading it and I am happy to read or hear your comments. massimo@meandshiatsu.ch

Within the social sciences, Asian medicines emerged as potent rejoinders to early models of globalization which equated it with a one-sided ‘Westernization,’ demonstrating that global cultural flows were multi-directional and could not be assimilated under a ‘West-rest’ framework (Hsu and Hoeg 2002; Scheid 2002). Nonetheless, as ethnographers and social scientists began attending to issues in the transmission and acculturation of knowledge within globalizing Asian medicines, a particular pattern became commonly observed: in their countries of origin, medical practices such as ayurveda, shiatsu, or Chinese medicine were increasingly rationalized, while in North American or European contexts they were frequently psychologized or spiritualized (Warrier 2009; Taylor 2004; Adams 2002; Barnes 1998). While such a patterning is quite plausible, if adopted as an analytic frame it could have the effect of re-inscribing Orientalist tropes that structure the global field in terms of dichotomized East-West difference.

This article, drawing upon my own multi-sited ethnographic study of trainee shiatsu therapists in both Canada and Japan, explores some analytic approaches to help address this concern within multi-sited fieldwork projects that straddle ‘East-West’ boundaries. In particular, it describes ways of re-calibrating comparison by attending to multiple productions of difference within and across research sites. It further makes use of Mei Zhan (2009)’s notion of ‘worlding’ to examine diverse instantiations of the East-West dichotomy articulated by my informants, and how they are key to the ongoing global production (and transformation) of shiatsu therapy. In this way, the article describes strategies to enable researchers to remain sensitive to the salience of discursive constructs such as the East-West dichotomy to their informants, even as they avoid reproducing them uncritically within their own analyses.


Key Words
East-West dichotomy; multi-sited ethnography; cultural comparison; worlding; global Asian medicines; shiatsu therapy

Introduction: People use shiatsu for health maintenance and help with illness. Shiatsu is often considered safe, but there has been no published systematic review of its possible risks. The review aims to assess the evidence of safety and risk of harm from shiatsu. Methods: All types of studies, independent of control and with any style of shiatsu will be eligible. Reports in any language will be included. Peer-reviewed studies and non-peer-reviewed literature will be handled in separate parts of the review. Electronic databases (including among others MEDLINE, AMED, Alt HealthWatch, Web of Science, CiNii) will be searched for identification of peer-reviewed publications. Hand-search will be used for non-peer-reviewed literature. Risk of bias will be assessed using RoB 2.0 in conjunction with McHarm (rando-mised trials), ROBINS:I in conjunction with McHarm (non-randomised studies), a modified PHARMA checklist (adverse reports). When appropriate, reporting bias will be assessed using ORBIT. The relevance of the described intervention to shiatsu will be based on clinical experience, using CARE for massage and bodywork and TIDieR. Root cause analysis of adverse events will consider Bradford Hill's criteria in the light of clinical experience. Results: Meta-analysis is not planned. Results for each study will be presented in tables. Relationships within and between studies will be explored. A theory about the safety profile of shiatsu will be developed. Identified incidents will be presented in a narrative way and tabular categories. Conclusion: The relevance to various stakeholders will be highlighted and the issues occurring from the review will be explored.

Energy Healing techniques are considered as one of the age-old practices dating its origin back to the ancient scriptures, to be precise much earlier than those. Scientific technology has been incorporated on a small scale into these in recent decades, beginning in the twentieth century. Even in the twenty-first century, little progress has been made in this area. This literature review is an eye-opener for the world to get familiarized with various energy healing techniques and their basic functionality. The various technical devices used for the detection and treatment of the biofield are depicted in brief in this review. The modalities in which Artificial Intelligence is used in various energy healing techniques are introduced here. The review culminates with a note on the future scope of the Energy Healing techniques on a wider horizon incorporating Artificial Intelligence wherever necessary.

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder with high prevalence in Finland. Most people with MS will develop Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS) over time. People with MS report lower than the average Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and use Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for their symptoms. Personalised interventions such as shiatsu have an insufficient evidence base. The n-of-1 trial is a promising study design for personalised interventions in chronic conditions but has not little used in CAM research. The aim was to investigate if shiatsu affects the HRQoL of a person with SPMS. Methods: Six-periods counterbalanced mixed-methods n-of-1 trial within a Whole Systems Research (WSR) case study was used. The short version of the MSQLI, data collected from a semi-structured interview and case notes were used to assess the effect of the treatment. The collected data analysed quantitatively and qualitatively and synthesised as a descriptive case study. Results: The study was able to document improvements in spasticity, bowel function, fatigue, pain, sleep and relaxation. No adverse events occurred. Preliminary estimations of the onset and wash-out of shiatsu effects were inferred. Advantages and drawbacks of the design are discussed to improve future applicability. Conclusions: Shiatsu was able to improve some domains of the HRQoL of the specific person with SPMS. It was a safe treatment with no adverse events. Mixed methods n-of-1 trial within a WSR case study was an appropriate design for the study.

Shiatsu Studio Sakura 1 nalazi se u Rijeci, a radi se o studiju za masažu gdje se njeguje holistički pristup i koriste razne tehnike rada na tijelu. U Shiatsu Studiju Sakura 1 fizioterapeuti i shiatsu praktičari u tretmanima kombiniraju terapijsko i iscjeljujuće djelovanje putem dodira, pri čemu tijelo dovode u homeostazu. Studio za masažu Sakura 1 kombinira suvremenu zapadnjačku i tradicionalnu kinesku medicinu, a masaže i shiatsu tretmani pomažu u zaustavljanju boli, te dovode tijelo i um u ravnotežu. Tretmani koje svakako treba izdvojiti kada je riječ o studiju za masažu Shiatsu Studio Sakura 1 su shiatsu tretmani, moksibustija, manualna masaža, masaža vakuum čašama ili cupping masaža, terapijski ultrazvuk, Yoga Zen i mnoge druge japanske masaže. Budući da je cijena shiatsu masaže u Shiatsu Studiju Sakura 1 relativno povoljna, shiatsu masaža je nešto što bi svatko trebao probati, posebno ako ima problema s bolovima u leđima, glavoboljom, anksioznosti, pa i samopouzdanjem. Stoga rezervirajte masažu već danas i osjećajte se bolje.

This study tested a no-cost, drug-free technique to promote sleep for Veterans and their family members. The technique, hand self-shiatsu (HSS), had promising outcomes in other studies with chronic pain patients and young athletes after concussion. HSS is easy to learn, takes only 10-15 minutes to perform before bed, requires no equipment, and is best done once in bed for the night. We compared the sleep and daytime fatigue of 30 people who were taught HSS and 20 who were not across a two-month period. The two groups were similar in age and gender. The self-report measures showed that people who did HSS reported less daytime fatigue and less sleep disturbance than those who did not. Also, in interviews at the end of the study, participants were very favorable about how easy and potentially useful HSS was. They also commented on the benefit of feeling more in control of their sleep. Although the study has limitations, the findings are promising. A HSS educational video, handouts, and...

Within the social sciences, Asian medicines emerged as potent rejoinders to early models of globalization which equated it with a one-sided ‘Westernization,’ demonstrating that global cultural flows were multi-directional and could not be assimilated under a ‘West-rest’ framework (Hsu and Hoeg 2002; Scheid 2002). Nonetheless, as ethnographers and social scientists began attending to issues in the transmission and acculturation of knowledge within globalizing Asian medicines, a particular pattern became commonly observed: in their countries of origin, medical practices such as ayurveda, shiatsu, or Chinese medicine were increasingly rationalized, while in North American or European contexts they were frequently psychologized or spiritualized (Barnes 1998; Adams 2002; Taylor 2004; Warrier 2009). While such a patterning is quite plausible, if adopted as an analytic frame it could have the effect of reinscribing Orientalist tropes that structure the global field in terms of dichotomized...

Tuina 推拿, or Chinese massage therapy, is one of the four main branches of traditional Chinese medicine. Although very ancient, it is relatively new to majority. Tuina therapy dates back to around 3000 BC, making it the grandmother of all forms of massage and body work that exist today, from shiatsu, reflexology, chiropractics to osteopathy and beyond.

In this essay for the "Equivalency Branch Certificate OdA KT" I will deal with the core competency "Acting Complementary Therapist" and focus on the professional action competencies "Encountering, Processing, Integrating and Transferring". As a supporting competency, the action area "Work publicly and in a network: Work as a professional in a team" will be examined.
It has always been my desire to work together in a well-functioning team from different fields of medicine, psychology and other therapy areas. That this is not a matter of course I had to realize already at the beginning of my training as a nurse (1977-1980). During this time I worked in various nursing teams, where the regular exchange between the caring professionals was often missing.

Background: Sleep problems exist for up to 30% of young people, and increase in the case of those with chronic pain. Because exclusive pharmacological management of sleep problems for children with pain is contraindicated, the development of appropriate non-pharmacological sleep interventions is a significant, largely unmet, need. Purpose: This study examined whether the application of a standardized hand self-shiatsu (HSS) intervention within a population of young people with chronic pain would be associated with improved objectively and subjectively measured sleep. Setting: The Pain Management Clinic of the Stollery Children’s Hospital Hospital, a large tertiary care centre in Edmonton, Alberta and the University of Alberta. Research Design: Sixteen young adults, aged 17 to 27, were recruited for a case series study. The intervention involved participants self-applying a standardized hand shiatsu protocol. Participants wore an actigraph for one week at baseline before learning the...

Background: Dementia is a progressive neurological condition that affects over 50 million people. It impacts quality of life for those diagnosed, their care partners, and the relationship between the two. Strategies to enhance quality of life and relationships are needed. Shiatsu may improve care partners' well-being. Using touch through shiatsu may offer a meaningful way for care partners to interact with their partners living with dementia. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore care partners' experience of using both self-shiatsu and shiatsu with their partner, as well as to explore care partners' perceptions of the impact of shiatsu on the quality of their relationship. Setting: This study took place at a centre providing programs for persons living with dementia and their care partners. Participants: Participants were current and former attendees of the centre's programs. Research Design: This was a qualitative study with an interpretive/descriptive approach. Care partners were taught selfshiatsu to manage stress and a simplified, short shiatsu routine to use with their partner. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit care partners' experiences and explore their ongoing use of shiatsu at two and six weeks post-workshop. Findings: Four care partners completed the study. A wide range of experiences with shiatsu were described, representing four key themes: Enhanced Awareness, Integrating Shiatsu into the Relationship, Barriers and Facilitators, and Potential and Possibility. Two found self-shiatsu beneficial. Using shiatsu with their partner was a favourable experience for only one, who found it a pleasant way to connect and interact. None of the participants felt using shiatsu with their partners affected their relationship quality. Conclusions: The findings of this study are inconclusive. Self-shiatsu may be a helpful self-management approach for some care partners, but not for others. Shiatsu for persons living with dementia may not fit into the routines of many care partners. For others, however, it may offer a means to connect.

This is the abstract for an article published in 2018 in Studies in Religion / Sciences Religieuses 47(2):201-222. (2018)

This paper considers the relationship between religion, medicine and the secular by attending to the sensory dimensions of knowledge practices in shiatsu, a Japanese manual therapy. Strongly shaped by the secularist ethos of the postwar U.S. occupation, shiatsu in Japan has been rationalized according to biomedical models. Yet a reaction to this development would see the emergence of 'Zen Shiatsu:' a shiatsu style emphasizing meditation and compassionate touch as foundational acts of medical assessment, and one that would migrate successfully to American shores. Ethnographic engagements with contemporary North American practitioners of Zen Shiatsu illustrate how their sensory economies of knowledge enable expressions of subjectivity that trouble the visualistic and objectivist dimensions of biomedical knowledge that are crucial to maintaining the boundary between biomedicine and its others.

Keywords Medicine and religion, secularism, sensory economies of knowledge, subjectivity, objectivity, visuality, touch, shiatsu therapy, biomedicine and CAM (complementary and alternative medicines)

link: https://doi.org/10.1177/0008429817733140

LAY SUMMARY This study tested a no-cost, drug-free technique to promote sleep for Veterans and their family members. The technique, hand self-shiatsu (HSS), had promising outcomes in other studies with chronic pain patients and young athletes after concussion. HSS is easy to learn, takes only 10–15 minutes to perform before bed, requires no equipment, and is best done once in bed for the night. The sleep and daytime fatigue of 30 people who were taught HSS and 20 who were not were compared across a two-month period. The two groups were similar in age and gender. The self-report measures showed that people who did HSS reported less daytime fatigue and less sleep disturbance than those who did not. Also, in interviews at the end of the study, participants were very favorable about how easy and potentially useful HSS was. They also commented on the benefit of feeling more in control of their sleep. Although the study has limitations, the findings are promising. A HSS educational video,...

N-of-1 trial designs have rarely been used in bodywork research. Using a recent trial as a methodological pilot, critical issues related to the applicability of N-of-1 trials to bodywork are discussed. These include the issues of carry-over effects, bias-controlling approaches and statistical analysis. The discussion highlights the importance of mixed methods and draws some suggestions for a future research program. N-of-1 trials could be used to provide insights about some essential elements of bodywork modalities and their effectiveness. Please cite this article as: Tsiormpatzis S. Is the N-of-1 method applicable in bodywork research? Lessons learned using a trial as a methodological pilot. J Integr Med. 2021; xx(x): xxx-xxx

Sanitario Nazionale per l'uguaglianza dei diritti di salute oltre le esperienze regionalistiche: Salutogenesi e Prevenzione, Formazione a Profilo Definito, Buona Pratica Clinica, Ricerca Clinica No-Profit. Criticità, esigenze sociali, prospettive future: un confronto interdisciplinare " Senato della Repubblica, Roma, 29 settembre 2016 Premesse La parola " Medicina " è diversa per ogni cultura e popolo che ne ha tratto beneficio; per cui esistono tanti sistemi di guarigione e cura quante culture esistono nel mondo. Infatti secondo l'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità circa l'80% della popolazione mondiale che vive in paesi non occidentali dipende dai loro sistemi autoctoni tradizionali quali fonti primarie di prevenzione, cura e riabilitazione. I Sistemi di Salute, i Saperi di Salute, le Medicine su base Antropologica sono sistemi medici con differenti origini culturali, a volte figli di una saggezza millenaria. Ognuno dal proprio punto di vista, questi approcci, ognuno da una specifica prospettiva hanno un'im-magine olistica dell'essere umano. Le Medicine su base Antropologica mettono in relazione i sintomi fisici del paziente con tutte le altre dimensioni della sua esistenza, perciò hanno in comune il fatto di essere centrati sulla persona. Questi sistemi si basano sulla concezione di benessere intrinsecamente e ontologicamente connessa all'interezza della persona, quindi al suo essere in-dividuo, in-separabile in corpo, anima e spirito, comprendendone perciò tutti i fattori comportamentali, psicologici, spiritua-li, ambientali e culturali. Per esigenze di semplificazione potremmo dire che mentre la biomedicina, o medicina occidentale dominante, ha una visione cosiddetta militarista (nel senso di focalizzarsi a curare le malattie nelle varie parti del corpo attraverso la localizzazione ed eliminazione dei sintomi, utilizzando spesso tecnologie inaccessibili, anche per motivi economici, in molte parti del mondo), i Sistemi di Salute su base Antropologica si basano su un continuum di cure e su un concetto di pre-venzione molto più sviluppato filosoficamente ed ecologicamente, sul mantenimento della salute, sull'ecosistema locale come medicina, il cibo come medicina e sulla relazione di cura, sul " prendersi cura " a lungo termine, essendo di gran lunga più conveniente e sostenibile anche dal punto di vista economico, specie se riferito a quadri nosologici di grande impatto demografico e, quindi, di elevata prevalenza e di forte incidenza nei bilanci del S.S.N. In Europa non meno di cento milioni di persone fanno regolarmente uso di prestazioni sanitarie di Medicine Non Convenzionali a livello preventivo e curativo. Secondo l'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità per rispondere adeguatamente alle nuove sfide del XXI secolo, la medicina deve concentrarsi sulla salute della persona piuttosto che sulla malattia. Questo concetto è da sempre alla base delle Medicine Tradizionali, essendo fondato su tre principi

Introduction: The determinants of Veterans' and their family members' health and well-being are compromised by sleep deficiency (SD). The use of long-term drug therapies for treatment is controversial, and the evidence to support positive outcomes is limited. Instead, guidelines recommend non-pharmacological sleep interventions for SD. Hand self-shiatsu (HSS) is a drug-free, pragmatic, easy-to-learn self-management technique that provides patients with an intervention they can actively control, thus contributing to feelings of self-effi cacy. The objective of this work was to examine whether a prescribed HSS intervention would result in improved objectively and subjectively measured sleep. Methods: This was a non-randomized controlled study. Objective (actigraphy) measures and standardized self-report questionnaires were applied at baseline and at four and eight weeks post-intervention. Participants also completed a detailed sleep log. Results: No signifi cant differences were found in the actigraphy sleep dimensions across the three measurement time points in either the intervention or the control group. With respect to the self-report measures, a signifi cant change was detected for sleep disturbance ( 2 2 = 10 [ n = 25], p = 0.007) for the intervention group, and 77% stated they would recommend HSS to others. A significant change in two self-report measures was noted in the control group, a potential artifact of the sub-optimal recruitment to this group imposed by coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions. Discussion: Although actigraphy data did not support the hypothesis, the self-report measures and qualitative information from participants' end-of-study interviews indicated endorsement of HSS for the management of sleep difficulties and increased self-effi cacy.

The present proposal is aimed to brainstorming of shiatsu students, practitioners and teachers in Finland.
It was prepared in behalf of the Finnish Shiatsu Association (SFry)

Table Of Contents
Chapter 1. Towards Professionalization: A Proposal for Discussion by the Finnish Shiatsu Association (SFry)
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Have Shiatsu the potential to get established as Profession?
1.3. Why we should care about?
1.4. How to achieve professional status? Drawing a Roadmap
1.4.1. Basic Educational Standards
1.4.2. Professional Register
1.4.3. Code of Ethics and Conduct
1.4.4. Safety, Insurance & Complain Process
1.4.5. Regulation & Self-Regulation
1.4.6. Evidence-Base
1.4.7. Integrative Practice
Chapter 2. New Practitioner’s Register Structure and Membership Categories
Appendix 1. European Shiatsu Federation (ESF):
Baseline Curriculum / Syllabus
Appendix 2. Finnish Natural Medicine Central Federation - Luonnonlääketieteen Keskusliitto (LKLry):
Training Standards in the field of Natural Medicine

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