Sites

"ABSTRACT:
The concept of marketing is not new in today’s world. Marketing strategies exist from time immemorial. At the beginning of this century with the advent of social media platforms like Instagram, Orkut, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube; the concept of marketing has undergone a sea change from Push Communication to that of Pull Communication. This paradigm shift has left a deep impact on the economy, the social media provides a platform for the manufacturers to track their success as and enhance suggestions related to their products. Moreover through social media a tab can be kept on how many people have viewed a profile and can work for betterment or increasing popularity of their products.  Social media has become a platform that is easily accessible to anyone with internet access. With its phenomenally massive growth rate not only is it becoming a major factor to any marketer but also a huge storehouse of marketing styles and techniques. This paper looks into some of the campaigns that have happened with the help of Social Media sites and how they have been instrumental in bringing about a change in our lives. It also looks into various Social Media sites and discusses their potentials, limitations and highlights some success stories that have emerged. It also touches upon a study of the various marketing techniques used by marketers in this domain like COBRA, Targeting and eWOM. Social Media Marketing tools like Minimizing use like hyperlinking, QR Codes and the recent phenomenon of information leaking into social networking sites has also been explained. We even took on a critical approach and highlighted various marketing mishaps which were initiated to elicit publicity but which were disastrous for the companies which initiated them to gain publicity. What we wish to show is that Social Media Marketing is not a ball game; it may be fast and may reach out to a large audience in a short period of time but it could backfire if not controlled properly. It’s a marketing opportunity with enormous potentials in itself which needs to be harnessed by start-ups and established firms alike; as it gives them various opportunities to expand their customer base hence increasing their market share and popularity.

Key Words:- Social Media; Sites; Marketing Techniques; Tools; Mishaps"

The paper herewith presents findings from the third stage of the Second International Technology in Education Study (SITES2006), conducted between the years 2005-2007 as a survey of schools and teachers. The study was aimed to identify ICT-related pedagogical practices in mathematics and science in lower secondary Grade 8 level. This was achieved using an online data collection system. Results indicated that Israeli school principals in all sectors believe in the importance of ICT implementation in science and technology. However, although the student/computer ratio has improved, Israeli schools still hold a ratio higher than the aspired 1:10. As for ICT implementation in mathematics and science, these teachers rarely use information technology in their lessons, compared to their peers worldwide. Also, ICT usage does not facilitate innovative pedagogical paradigms; rather, it perpetuates traditional teaching and learning. This contradicts their attitudes, according to which ICT empo...

Sarmizegetusa Regia was included, together with other five Dacian fortresses (Bănița, Costești-Blidaru, Costești-Cetățuie, Piatra Roșie and Căpâlna), on the List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1999. They are a unique synthesis of external cultural influences and local traditions in terms of building techniques and overall, in the ancient military architecture, representing the monumental expression of the civilisation of the Dacian Kingdom.
These fortresses are the accurate expression of the exceptional development level of the Dacian civilisation during the 1st century BC – early 2nd century AD, Sarmizegetusa Regia lying at the forefront of this fortified complex, epitomizing the evolution phenomenon from fortified centres to proto-urban agglomerations.
After 2000, various laws regulated the management, preservation and protection of the monuments listed among World Heritage Sites. Some of their provisions have never been applied or abided by. Unfortunately, currently, only Sarmizegetusa Regia has a legal administrator, the other five remaining un-administered.
There is no management plan for any of the six fortresses and they have no managers or administration plans. Except for Sarmizegetusa, there are not even short term strategies for the other five fortresses that would solve urgent matters. They are not even protected 24/7. The single Dacian fortress within this fortified complex that benefits of security services 24/7 is Sarmizegetusa Regia, which is under the administration of the County Council of Hunedoara. Subsequent to these measures, the phenomenon of archaeological poaching and deliberate destruction disappeared entirely from the area of Sarmizegetusa Regia. Not the same may be said for the other fortresses, where destruction and vandalism actions and archaeological poaching are still often found. In most these fortresses, there are buildings in ruin and walls dislodged in several portions. Access roads to some of these Dacian fortresses are inadequate, while vegetation in these not administered sites conquered the monuments. The poor situation in these fortresses is due to the fact that nobody administers them.
The legal status of the land on which said monuments lie was not clarified to date either, and they remain not registered in land registers; the lands were not recorded in the cadastre; the owners of the right to administer the UNESCO remains were not established; the monuments and protection areas were not included in PUZ (regional Urban Plan) and PUG (General Urban Plan)type documentations of the administrative-territorial units within whose range respective monuments lie, there are no documentations for the draft of large feasibility studies for each fortress.
At Sarmizegetusa Regia, things have changed for the better in the last 6 years, while discrepancies between this site and those which remained not administered are increasingly visible. The Administration of the historical monument Sarmizegetusa Regia was set up, constant security/surveillance, video surveillance were provided, a consulting Scientific Council was created and a regulation for visiting the site was drafted and implemented. Visiting routes were set up and explanatory panels with texts in Romanian and English for each monument set up, while at the pavilion by the entrance into the site may be purchased adequate informative materials. There were introduced audio guides in Romanian and English with much information on the monument and its history. The road that ran to Sarmizegetusa Regia was modernised and the County Council of Hunedoara funds the archaeological excavations. Survey measurements of the site were completed as did the documentation for the approval of intervention works (DALI). Furthermore, the issue of the sick trees on the sites’ surface, which endangered visitors, employees as well as important parts of the monument, was partially solved. Because the efforts of the research team were also implemented a series of projects which facilitated the access of the heritage from Sarmizegetusa and the other Dacian fortresses on the List of World Heritage Sites. The efforts of the County Council of Hunedoara and the Site Administration made the site appear clean, constantly maintained, regardless the season, thus reaching some of the standards that UNESCO sites must comply.
Past all these positive things, there are aspects that still require remedy. Among, count the dislodgement of the constructional blocks and elements on certain portions of the fortification walls, the pentagonal tower or the poor state of the Roman baths. To these add the lack of management and administration plans, yet also the lack of drafting and submitting projects for accessing European funds designed for historical monuments.
There is obviously still much work to do, and one may not speak of perfect administration or a model of solid administration at Sarmizegetusa Regia. Nevertheless, we are confident that year by year, any dysfunctionality will disappear, the errors and failures will become increasingly few, despite the site complexity, while the gathered experience and efforts of those involved for the good of this monument will multiply.

The six fortresses were included among the World Heritage sites on December the 2nd 1999, subsequent to the decision CONF209VIII.C.1, as cultural sites identified with number 906. Their listing was justified by criteria II, III and IV.
These fortresses form a complex known under the generic name of Cetăţile dacice din Munţii Orăştiei (The Dacian fortresses of the Orăştiei Mountains). They are a unique blend of external cultural influences and local traditions in terms of building techniques, the ancient military architecture in general, being the grand expression of the Dacian Kingdom civilisation of the 1st century BC – early 2nd century AD.
Although currently at international and national level there are many laws, conventions and recommendations regulating most aspects related to the sites’ protection, their compliance and applicability in Romains is still less desirable. Above fortresses make no exception to this effect.
Romania signed in 1990 the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection Convention adopted by UNESCO in 1972. However, the effective enforcement of the Convention took place only in 2000, when it was approved by the Government, setting up protection measures of the historical sites part of the World Heritage. Unfortunately, the implementation process of the Convention was fruitless, while the resulted legal framework does not provide corresponding protection and management of the World Heritage sites in Romania. In the case of the Dacian fortresses, some of the existing legal provisions were not applied and complied with, which made that five of these sites (Bănița, Costești-Blidaru, Costești-Cetățuie, Piatra Roșie and Căpâlna) are left without legal administrator. Issues with which are confronted the five sites are multiple: lack of security, structures in ruin, dislodged walls, vandalism, traces of archaeological poaching, inadequate access routes or in poor state, monuments covered by vegetation, lack of control of the touristic inflow, absence of visiting rules, to which add the lack of research, preservation and restoration activities. Their poor state is due to the fact they are not administered by anyone.
There are no management plans drafted to date for all the fortresses composing this fortification complex, to which adds the lack of managers and administration plans.
For 20 years, a series of key issues related to their administration legality remained unsolved, like for instance: clarifying the legal regime of all land lots on which respective sites lay, including of those in the related protection areas, and their registration; land cadastre works; establishment of the administration rights holders of the remains on the World Heritage list of sites; inclusion of the sites and protection areas in P.U.Z and P.U.G type documentations of the administrative-territorial units within the range of which lay respective sites; there are no documentations prepared and drafted for large scale feasibility studies for each fortress.
The single exception is Sarmizegetusa Regia, for which in the autumn of 2018 was completed the approval documentation of intervention works (D.A.L.I.).
At Sarmizegetusa Regia, under the administration of the County Council of Hunedoara from the end of 2012, things have changed and discrepancies between this site and those left un-administered are increasingly visible. The Administration of the historical site of Sarmizegetusa Regia was set up, security/surveillance 24/24, video surveillance, a Consulting Scientific Council was set up and visiting regulation of the site was drafted and applied. There were created visiting routes and explanatory panels made with texts in Romanian and English for each monument, while in the pavilion by the access to the site adequate informative materials may be acquired. The access road to Sarmizegetusa Regia was paved, while at ca. 1 km from the entrance into the fortress a parking lot was set up. The site has a cared appearance and is permanently cleaned, regardless the season. It also benefits of a website, which provides a series of important information on the history of research, objectives, locations, visiting routes, events, schedule and visiting regulation but also other numerous aspects. All taken measures led to touristic inflow and behaviour control.
The County Council of Hunedoara also funds the archaeological excavations, which led to significantly increased period of archaeological research, thus contributing to remarkable results and impressive finds. A series of preservation works were carried out and a Doors Open Day is held. Also, cooperation protocols were signed with a series of institutions from the country and abroad. Their key goal is to scientifically, culturally and touristically value these fortresses, as well as to ensure both implementation and facilitate experience and good practice exchanges with similar entities at international level.
Past all such positive facts, there are though a series of aspects that still require remedy. Amongst count the dislodgment of blocks and constructional elements on certain stretches of the fortification walls or the pentagonal tower, the poor state of the Roman baths ruins, the issue of the trees falling onto the monument and lack of management plans, to which further add the lack of draft and submission of projects to access European funds for historical sites.
Even though one may not yet speak of perfect administration or a sound administration model at Sarmizegetusa Regia, the positive advances in its management, research and valuation, with mainly beneficial results in the form of improvement for the better of the site image and promotion, give us hope that in a short time, the other fortresses in this fortified complex will benefit of a treatment fitted to their universal value.
In order to remedy the situation of these monuments it would be necessary to take urgent measures for the improvement of the legal framework and its periodical adjustment according to new trends and strategies recommended by UNESCO, as well as the draft of new regulations for the sites on the list of World Heritage sites in Romania, and a special law for the Dacian fortresses in the Orăștiei Mountains. Last but not least, an intervention from the World Heritage Committee would be beneficial, which has the necessary authority to imperatively require the Romanian State to remedy all existing issues.

<p>Insets 1 and 2 show where natural infection with introduced generalist viruses was detected in 2001 and 2009. Inset 1 shows the overall sampling area and Inset 2 shows the urban Perth area. The red spot symbols and place names indicate positions of individual sampling sites with positive virus detections. For an explanation of which viruses were found at each site see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0091224#pone-0091224-t005" target="_blank">Table 5</a>.</p

The monograph is dedicated to the study of the Stone Age sites of the Chuvash Volga region conducted under the supervision or with the participation of the author in the 1990s – early 2000s. New materials from more than 50 sites related to the Final Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Eneolithic are introduced into scientific discourse. The author reveals the main methodological approaches in the description of complex multilayer and decaying monuments, and presents the history of field studies of the Stone Age sites in the Chuvash Volga Region. Based on an analysis of paleogeographic data and systematization of the finds of the Quaternary fauna and deposits of stone raw materials, palaeoecological conclusions were drawn regarding the natural environment of the ancient population. The monograph summarizes the results of studies at the reference Stone Age sites in the region and addresses the issues of their chronology and cultural affiliation. The author suggests a  scheme of the dynamics of cultural and chronological processes which occurred in the Chuvash Volga Region during the initial stages of the Primeval period.

Accounting and taxation systems are considered as two coexisting institutional practices which claim to be neutral and to function for the benefit of society. These claims are examined with reference to the natural resources industry and the treatment of rehabilitation costs in Australia, as the impact of this industry, both economic and environmental, is significant. By comparing the practice of accounting in financial reporting and in taxation, the use of calculative and representational practices is exposed to identify contradictions, conflicts and disparities.

Since the colonial period, kerekere as an indigenous Fijian mode of exchange has been blamed for stunting the economic development of indigenous Fijians. It has often been reduced to ‘begging’ and it has been used in connection with terms such as ‘corruption‘, and ‘dependency‘. This article strives for a more balanced and culturally complex account of kerekere. Business and vanua; modernity and tradition; moral and market economy are often imaged as dichotomous and irreconcilable by indigenous Fijians and others. This paper suggests that these are false dichotomies, and yet the way they are imagined as dichotomous has had a significant impact on indigenous Fijian entrepreneurial discourse and practices. After surveying the relevant economic anthropology literature, the authors appeal for emic research which applies an integrated economic approach to contemporary economic activity in Fiji in which kerekere may be an essential element in the success of indigenous social entrepreneurship.

... utilisation de mots techniques ou rares dans un morceau bio-graphique : anamnèse ... mêmes le montrent du reste bien : leur al-lure d'improvisation perpétuelle ["à sauts et gambades" comme di-rait Montaigne] porte la marque d'une spontanéité de "bricoleur" qui décourage ...

Despite conservation discourses in Madagascar increasingly emphasizing the role of customary institutions for wildlife management, we know relatively little about their effectiveness. Here, we used semi-structured interviews with 54 adults in eight villages to investigate whether sacred caves and taboos offer conservation benefits for cave-dwelling bats in and around Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, south-west Madagascar. Although some caves were described as sites of spiritual significance for the local communities, most interviewees (c. 76%) did not recognize their present-day sacred status. Similarly, only 22% of the interviewees recognized taboos inhibiting bat hunting and consumption. Legal protection of bats and caves through protected areas was often more widely acknowledged than customary regulations, although up to 30% of the interviewees reported consumption of bats within their communities. Guano extraction was often tolerated in sacred caves in exchange for economic compe...

The monograph presents results of paleo-economic reconstructions the Mesolithic sites at the Mologa-Sheksna interfluve located in the central part of the European North. The author used technical-morphological, experimental-traceological and spatial analyzes of stone production inventory in order to fully reveal the information potential of the studied materials. The work presents the first description of the characteristic features of the flint processing technology and the main types of production activities practiced by the Mesolithic population of the region. The results of completed studies and archaeological context information have allowed to identify functional typology of the sites, as characterize various aspects of the historical and cultural processes which occurred at the Mologa-Sheksna interfluve during the Mesolithic.

The monograph is intended for archaeologists, historians, local historians, museum workers, university professors, teachers and everyone interested in primeval history.

O artigo analisa as dinâmicas das redes sociais como geradoras de cibersocialidades de ciberacontecimentos.A partir de uma publicação no site Facebook, que foi forjada por um ator social a fim de desenvolver compartilhamentos, buscamos destacar as diferenças entre viralização e espalhamento e os delineamentos que podem impulsionar a visibilidade em torno de determinado conteúdo. Desenvolvemos uma pesquisa exploratória para a aplicação da técnica de análise denominada como construção de sentidos em redes digitais, com os dados coletados. Por fim, pensamos no conceito de meme, proposto por Dawkins (1979), articulado aos conceitos explorados no artigo. Assim, constatamos que o caso da capivara-cachorro sinaliza transformações culturais na sociedade, decorrentes das dinâmicas das cibersocialidades em torno dos ciberacontecimentos.

... Peut-être à cause du cycle des études et peut-être aussi à cause de l'argent que ça coûte pour venir de Paris ou de Marseille à Alger. A présent, ce n'est pas à Marseille que tu vas, mais en Amérique. ... Nana a souri et s'est levée pour me proposer de faire du café. ...