Skin Bleaching

The Afrocentric view concerning Jamaicans who bleach their skins is that they suffer from self-hate, a result of the lingering psychological scars of slavery. The self-hatred thesis is tested by comparing the self-esteem scores of a small convenience sample of skin bleachers with the scores of a control group. The two groups have almost the same average scores above the median, which indicates that skin bleaching did not occur because of low self-esteem. The preliminary results suggest that there are varied reasons for skin bleaching and there is a range of Black identities as each person constructs his or her identity in a multicultural society.

In an effort to provide audiences the opportunity to more deeply engage issues of race and identity as raised by the (1)ne Drop project, we have embarked upon a national campus tour. Colleges and universities are now able to host the (1)ne Drop exhibit on their campuses. Curated specifically for college campuses, each exhibit will be accompanied by a multimedia lecture on skin color politics and Black racial identity, entitled “One Drop: Fact, Fiction, or Fate” presented by Dr. Yaba Blay, (1)ne Drop author, Artistic Director of the project, and teacher-scholar of Africana Studies.

The spectacle of brown skin in Jamaica emerged in the late eighteenth century to the early nineteenth century with the “balls at Kingston to the ‘Brown Girls’” (Lewis 382), referred to as the “Brown Girls Balls.” “Brown Girls” referred to mulatto women or mulatress, infantilized as “girls,” who were off-springs of Europeans and enslaved Africans. Brown women were considered the “fair sex” by Eurocentric standards, known for their beauty and elegance, and sponsored by the British Royal Navy ranks of Admiral of the Red and Admiral of the Blue. By the early nineteenth century, the Brown Girls Balls started going out into the streets in processions in “sets” of skin color by the gradation or shade of skin, costumed in matching dresses and parasols as they danced and sang through the streets. Later, the Set Girls parades joined annual John Canoe masquerades, celebrated from Christmas to the New Year. A contemporary brown skin spectacle reemerged in dancehall in the 1990s with a bleached-brown appearance with skin bleaching creams, critiquing colorism. I see masquerades like the Brown Girls Balls and derivative masquerades as palimpsests for skin bleaching to play “brown” in dancehall today. I argue that references to brown skin spectacles in the late eighteenth century “balls at Kingston to the ‘Brown Girls’” and derivative masquerades are palimpsests for the bleached-brown skins in contemporary dancehall that still haunts the society’s consciousness about its past, and recontextualizes the seeming paradox of bleached-brown skin masquerade in dancehall to denounce racism and colorism.

The popular explanation for skin bleaching among Black Jamaicans is self-hate. The concept of complex personhood debunks the psychopathology explanation of skin bleaching. Complex personhood is an autonomous, multidimensional, nuanced and optimal self that displays strength, weakness, resilience, ambiguities and contradictions.  Some of the skin bleaching literature frames the skin bleachers as self-hating, restricts identity to a binary, argues erroneously that there is only one way to be black and silences the skin bleachers in public discourse. The self-hate explanation for skin bleaching in Jamaica is informed by the doll study in America which confounds the minority of Black children’s choice of a white doll with self-hate. The self-esteem studies in Jamaica and America refutes the self-hate thesis. The use of complex personhood to understand the behavior of the Jamaican skin bleachers liberates them from the self-hate explanation for their behavior and provides the alternative explanations of miseducation and colorism.

Keywords: skin bleaching, self-hate, complex personhood, miseducation, colorism, Jamaica

This paper draws on the interrelation of whiteness and Orientalism to provide a framework for examining the use of skin-bleaching lotions and soaps by some Filipino men and women. Through this focus, I investigate the ways in which skin-bleaching negotiates the "threatening" existence of brown flesh upon the contours of Filipino bodies and within the corpus of western(ised) nations. These threats are negotiated through the skin wherein various chromatic inflections of the flesh become processed as a part of or a threat to normative comfort zones. Skin-colour is thus the site of and for discursive construction and a domain of material consequence. These characteristics of skin-colour and their deployment and resignification of whiteness and Orientalism are what I explore in this paper. For this, I divide the paper into three sections. The first maps how Spanish colonialism in the Philippines fostered an aesthetic hierarchy that privileges a mestiza/mestizo look. Further, I track how North American control of the Philippines deploys a geo-political hierarchy that promotes Americanised social systems. I argue that both hierarchical structures are fostered through the rubric of Orientalist whiteness. The second section complicates the cohesiveness of the authoritative position of Orientalist whiteness by showing that "non-whites" performatively enact whiteness through skin-bleaching. In the third section, the indeterminacy of skin lends itself as a tenuous means of totalising subject positions. Ultimately, this paper tracks the ways in which whiteness and Orientalism deploy specific racialising practices that package certain bodies/spaces as threats to normative individual, national and international social orders. While these strategies may push for a preference for whiteness and Orientalism to govern bodily practices, it simultaneously resignifies how whiteness and Orientalism are perceived.

The explanations for skin bleaching in Jamaica are best pursued by using: a nested qualitative inquiry of the historical origins of the social meanings that influence the Jamaican skin bleachers; an examination of cultural artifacts in Jamaica for evidence of the meanings of skin bleaching; an examination of the repeated behavior of the skin bleachers in their interaction with skin bleaching vendors to understand skin bleaching as a cultural practice; conversations with Jamaicans about skin bleaching, and an examination of their narratives for the consensual meanings that influence skin bleachers

In today’s world, there is a strong demand of skin substitute in the world because of large skin defects resulting from burns, trauma, genetic defects and other diseases that can lead to skin necrosis, ultimately became a major healthcare challenge. Skin is the first tissue-engineered the product and currently, we have many available skin substitutes out of which some are commercially available (e.g., Alloderm, Integra, Recell) and some are under clinical trials. There are different methods and materials (cell line, polymers, growth factors) used for skin-substitute fabrication but each of them has certain limitations. Therefore, from the commercial point of view, tissue-engineered skin substitutes are not very successful yet. Unfortunately, there is also currently no bioengineered skin that can completely simulate the complexity of human skin either in form or function. Thus, we have to find an ideal skin substitute that can mimic native skin’s structure and function.

This article deals with skin bleachers’ representations of skin color and the reasons that inform their representations. A content analysis was done of the reasons the participants give for bleaching their skin. The participants bleach their skin to remove facial blemishes, to make their faces “cool,” as a result of peer influence, to lighten their complexion, to appear beautiful and to attract a partner, to follow a popular fad, and to have the visual stimulus of the bleached skin because it makes them feel good. In Jamaican society, negative representations of dark skin indicate that dark skin is devalued, whereas light skin is valued. The hegemonic representation that elevates light skin over dark skin and guides the behavior of the skin bleachers has its roots in socializing institutions of the larger cultural milieu. The interaction of the government, the church, the education system, the media, formal culture, and popular culture from the colonial period to the present sends repeated messages that light skin is superior to dark skin.

This essay explores the complexities behind the phenomenon of skin bleaching practised in Latin America and the Caribbean and offers a critical view of the ways the problem has been framed in academic literature and the media. The purpose of the discussion is to place skin whitening in the theoretical framework of entangled inequalities suggested by Costa and to illustrate the connections between skin lightening procedures in Jamaica and blanqueamiento practices across Latin America.

In its most basic definition, Skin Lightening products are the use of chemical substances to lighten one's skin tone. From laser treatments to bleaching creams, there are a number of different products and methods that can be used to lighten your skin color. Before you choose a particular product, it is recommended that you first consult your dermatologist to choose a product that will not inadvertently harm your skin. So why do people choose to lighten their skin? Here is a look at the top six reasons why: 1) To Lighten Dark Skin Patches On the Elbows and Underarms-These areas of the skin tend to be darker than the skin on the rest of the body, especially in individuals with light and fair complexions. A high quality skin cream can assist in lightening these patches of skin. 2) To Remove Acne Scars-Those who suffer from acne know that it can be a traumatizing experience. One of the side effects of suffering from acne is that it discolors the skin, and it can make a person feel self-conscious. The proper Skin Lightening cream can reduce the appearance of discoloration. 3) To Reduce the Appearance of Sun Spots-Many people, but especially women, suffer from sunspots or freckles from prior exposure to the sun. Your dermatologist can recommend a natural skin lightener that will assist in reducing their appearance. 4) Even out Your Skin Tone and Brighten Your Complexion-Everyone desires to have bright, healthy and glowing skin. The use of a safe Skin Lightening cream can reveal a brighter complexion and even one's skin tone. A better complexion will increase your self-confidence and give you a reason to smile more often. 5) Affordability-Skin Lightening products, such as creams, are more affordable than traditional laser treatments that are used to lighten skin. Because laser treatments must be performed in a doctor's office, they can be quite expensive, and in most instances, your insurance will not cover their cost. 6) Safety-In the past, women have used homemade products and dangerous skin bleaches to lighten their skin tones. Often times, these bleaching creams contain dangerous ingredients, such as mercury. Therefore, it is important for to choose products that are only recommended by your dermatologist. These are just some reasons a person may choose to use skin-lightening products whether it be a cream or an ointment. The choice is a personal one and any person choosing this route should be sure of their decision before starting the process. Are you looking for more information regarding skin lightening cream Click Here.

This article focuses on the sexual attraction motive for skin bleaching in Jamaica. Some captive Africans on plantations in Jamaica altered their complexion. These Africans modeled the British in the colony who bleached their skin to protect the ‘‘superior,’’ ‘‘sexy,’’ and ideal white skin from the ‘‘impurities’’ of interracial sex and the tropical climate. The beauty and sexual attraction accorded to light skin was also evident in skin bleaching newspaper ads in the 1950s. The ads told women that acquiring light complexion through skin bleaching would make them sexually attractive to men. The persistence of colorism and its most blatant expression—skin bleaching—is also evident in contemporary Jamaica as expressed in some dancehall songs which praise skin bleachers, and the explanatory narratives of skin bleachers that bleaching makes them pretty and sexually attractive to potential spouses. Similar themes are reflected in the criticism that the browning Dancehall Queen Carlene was deemed sexually attractive and choreographically talented only because of her brown physicality. Some spouses request that their partner acquire the bleached physicality because they find it sexually attractive similar to many male clients in ‘‘massage parlors’’ who only request female sex workers who bleach their skin.

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Everyone must be aware of the fact that with growing age skin texture starts to show infinite changes, reducing its vibrancy and moisture level. At a certain point, you would experience the arrival of aging signs expression in the form of wrinkles, fine lines, creases, and sagging face. It never stands to be a confident observation and might make your confidence down because you are no longer a youthful personality with vibrant skin. Today market is full of several aging treatments recommended by dermatologists however aging creams and serums are best preferred in use. Just like Prache Anti Aging Cream formula that leads to reverse the aging signs visibility on the face if used wisely for a consistent period. It has helped millions of individuals to overcome the worst skin appearance and replace it with a healthy and glowing surface. Let’s discover out some key facts about the proven formula in a review mentioned below. For More Details at @ https://www.smore.com/5jc47-prache-anti-aging-cream-reviews

Bleaching of skin is the action in which person(s) apply chemical substances on their body to chemically alter (e.g., in this case, lighten) their skin pigmentation. The purpose of the study is to gain ground in understanding, how and why this phenomenon of skin bleaching is occurring in the African Community in the U.S., as well as how skin bleaching affects them. In person interviews are conducted to collect qualitative data on women and men of color in the African diaspora, in the United States who decide to engage in the bleaching of their skin. Previous prominent research in skin bleaching is used to understand the phenomenon of skin bleaching in a global perspective, in terms of its roots in colonial past and how it has manifested in the 21st century.

The desire for light skin is rooted in the trauma and legacy of colonialism which has ingrained an association of white skin with all things good and black skin with all things bad. Over the last century, these colonial principles internalized and manifested themselves as an idolization of lighter skin which has fostered a culture where, in order to thrive and be seen as valuable, one must be naturally light or bleach for societal acceptance. Images exported by North America and Europe to African countries like Nigeria and Ghana also push the ideals of white or lightness as optimal. The concept exported is that to be desirable and to succeed in the global market, one should be white or have European-esqe complexion. Bleach creams allow for social mobility in West Africa by opening the doors to European-esqe skin tones. Thus despite negative health effects, people continue to use them for their benefits.

Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) involve microbial invasion and SSTIs have variable presentations and severities. The challenge of SSTIs is to efficiently differentiate those cases that require immediate attention and intervention, whether medical or surgical, from those that are less severe. SSTIs are among the most severe health problems, particularly in individuals who inject drugs. The skin has an extremely diverse ecology of organisms that may produce infection, and majorities of SSTIs are caused by bacteria, referred as acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs). Annually, more than 4 million patients are seen in the emergency department for skin and soft-tissue infections, increased by nearly 1 million from 2007. The factors commonly believed to reveal the high prevalence and incidence of common skin infections in developing countries are poverty related including a low level of hygiene, difficulties accessing water; climatic factors; and overcrowding living conditions. Environmental and lifestyle factors negatively affect skin health and facilitate the spread of contagious skin infections such as furuncles, carbuncles, and impetigo. Poor personal hygiene in rural areas children can lead to various skin infections, and can be transmitted to other close persons. Skin diseases are a common cause of hospital visits worldwide, occurring in both rural and urban populations, affecting both young and old. Reduced functional capacity and increased susceptibility of skin with development of dermatoses, as well as benign and malignant tumors are the most common skin conditions in aged populations worldwide. The diagnosis of skin and soft-tissue infection is difficult because they may commonly trick as other clinical syndromes. The selection of antimicrobial therapy is predicated on knowledge of the potential pathogens, the instrument of entry, disease severity and clinical complications.

Skin lightening products are widely available and used across a range of cultures, including the Caribbean. Skin lightening chemicals can cause adverse health effects such as skin irritation and susceptibility to cancer, in addition to financial burden. The causes of skin bleaching behaviour are not clearly manifested by research exploring Afrocentric explanations based on residual self-hatred from slavery. Furthermore, causal explanations need to be inclusive of all ethnicities utilising skin whitening products. Explanations of skin bleaching behaviour may therefore need to include the complex interactions between ethnicity, history and modern sources of information bias (e.g. the media) with individual factors (such as appearance satisfaction). The current research sought to explore the relationship between skin-bleaching behaviour, media influence and appearance satisfaction.

Preliminary data in Trinidad suggests that the use of skin-whitening products may be associated with decreased levels of appearance satisfaction, as indicated by significantly lower scores on two subscales of the MBSRQ (appearance evaluation, body areas satisfaction) for users of skin-bleaching products.

In a second study, female participants were exposed to media pictures of females, digitally altered to represent light, medium or dark skin tone and a no-treatment control group. Pre- and post-measures of appearance satisfaction (MBSRQ), skin tone satisfaction (difference between perceived skin tone and desired skin tone) and likelihood of using skin whitening products were attained in addition to social and cultural attitudes to appearance (SATAQ).

Analyses from these data-sets will be presented and discussed with reference to media information biases and skin-bleaching behaviour within a Trinidadian context.

In this study, sixty‑two (62) skin‑lightening creams and soaps were analysed for total mercury and hydroquinone levels. Total mercury was determined by the Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry using an automatic mercury analyser and hydroquinone by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The mean concentration of total mercury in skin toning creams and cosmetic soaps were 0.098 ± 0.082 and 0.152 ± 0.126 μg/g, respectively. The mean concentration of hydroquinone was 0.243 ± 0.385 and 0.035 ± 0.021 % in skin toning creams and cosmetic soaps, respectively. All the creams and soaps analysed had mercury and hydroquinone levels below the US Food and Drug Administration's acceptable limit of 1 μg/g and 2 %, respectively. The low levels of mercury and hydroquinone in the creams and soaps analysed in this study therefore do not pose any potential risk to consumers who are mostly women in Ghana.

Obat Jerawat Alami, Obat Jerawat Batu, Obat Jerawat Paling Ampuh di Apotik, Obat Jerawat Alami untuk Pria, Obat Jerawat Batu di Apotik, Obat Jerawat Batu Alami, Obat Jerawat Batu Ampuh, Obat Jerawat Batu Paling Ampuh dan Cepat, Obat Jerawat Batu Meradang, Obat Jerawat Ampuh dan Cepat, Obat Jerawat Herbal untuk Pria, Obat Jerawat Herbal yang Dijual di Apotik, Sabun Pembersih Jerawat dan Bekas jerawat

This essay analyses skin bleaching among middle-class Tanzanian women as performative practice. It draws on empirical material from interviews with middle-class Tanzanian women as well as from advertisements in Dar es Salaam. Skin bleaching is situated at a ‘site of ambivalence’ (Butler), revolving around ‘light beauty’ as postcolonial regulatory ideal. Thus on the one hand, skin bleaching is analyzed as a practice of ‘passing for light(-
skinned), embodying urban ‘modern’ forms of subjectivation. On the other hand, the decolonizing potential of skin bleaching becomes apparent as the interviewed women’s forms of embodiment renegotiate postcolonial Blackness putting forward notions of ‘browning’ (Tate). However, ‘light beauty’ then also appears as norm, according to which forms of embodiment can only ‘fail’. In this regard, skin bleaching challenges essentialized notions of Blackness, embodied in the color of one’s skin, while it also illustrates the performativity of racialized embodiment and its intersections with other structural categories.

Given the current state of environmental affairs and that our future on this planet as we know it is in jeopardy, research and development into greener and more sustainable technologies within the chemical and forest products industries is at its peak. Given the global scale
of these industries, the need for environmentally benign practices is propelling new green processes. These challenges are also impacting academic research and our reagents of interest are
laccases. These enzymes are employed in a variety of biotechnological applications due to their native function as catalytic oxidants. They are about as green as it gets when it comes to chemical processes, requiring O2 as their only co-substrate and producing H2O as the sole by-product. The following account will review our twenty year journey on the use of these enzymes within our research group, from their initial use in biobleaching of kraft pulps and for fiber modification within the pulp and paper industry, to their current application as green catalytic oxidants in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.

Yuva Cosmoderm Clinics are a medico-aesthetic clinic chain and residential to qualified Cosmetic Dermatologists who believe delivering the important and real results for all skin and hair considerations. We are with pride called the one-stop shop for hair and skin care Pune, Indore, Sangli, Karad and Surat. We offer best skin hair and body treatment solutions. A skin care clinic with distinction, its innovative cosmetology and aesthetic approach is understood to take care of excellence in its treatments. we tend to are committed to the best standard of Cosmetology practices. Yuva Cosmoderm deploys solely the most effective and latest technology.

Siddha system is one among the Traditional medicines of India which is well known for its ability to cure the root cause of disease and hence effective in treating severe chronic diseases also. It is a well known fact that, it is safe, time tested, without any drastic adverse effects. Siddha pharmacology consists of 32 internal and 32 External medicines. While treating a patient, both Internal and External medicine plays equal role in alleviating the burden of the disease. The external medicationsinclude Topical application, therapeutic massage, fumigations, instillation of medicated drops, application of oil and bath powders etc. The authors’ of this paper has scientifically explored the Physio-chemical and Anti-microbial sensitivity testing of a external topical drug ’Thengai ennai’’ a poly herbal formula which is indicated for Skin diseases like Scabies & Eczema. This preparation ishaving its reference in siddha text ‘Anubhoga vaithya Gunabhothini’.The Physio-chemical analysis and preliminary anti-microbial testing were carried out using ethanolic extract of the drug which was taken by soxhilation method. The organisms tested were Pseudomonas auroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumonia, E.coli, Aspergillus, candidiasis and the Zone of inhibition was recorded by disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar Media. The results of both Physio-chemical & Anti-microbial sensitivity testing and their clinical importance are being discussed.