Solar Inverter

The photovoltaic panel not only generates low DC voltage but also DC voltage which varies with time and environmental condition. Therefore design of electrical energy system with constant output voltage is a big challenge to designer. This project deals with the development of electrical energy system which consists of Z-source based high step up chopper. The chopper is basically based on coupled inductor which provides high voltage gain and physical isolation between input and output with small turn ratio. It also provides a low voltage stress on active components and small conduction losses due to low duty cycle. Due to the usage of a single switch, the control circuitry is less complex. The proposed chopper recycles the energy of leakage inductance hence enhancing system efficiency. This report consists of mathematical modelling and designing of proposed chopper circuit. The MATLAB simulation of proposed chopper circuit is to convert 25 volts dc to 400 volts dc with 300 watts power. The simulation results validate the theoretical results. The H-Bridge inverter circuit is used at the end of proposed chopper for converting DC voltage into AC voltage.

Mineral quartz is a hard / rigid crystalline stone accessible in large quantities all over the world in a variety
of shapes. This mineral is a common element on the soil of earth  consisting  of more than 26 % of the earth layer  and is
usually  originate  at  the  earth’s  surface  with  other  elements  mostly  with  oxygen  thus  commonly  known  as  silicate  /
silicon dioxide (SiO2).  It  is largely composed of silicon  which  is known to be an  ideal  semi-conductor  of  electricity
because in silicon electrons are relatively  confined  closely  until some change in their environment causes them to flow
freely.  This  special / unique  characteristic of silicon  makes  it the most suitable element in  electronic  and photovoltaic
industry where it is used in many applications depending upon its purity level with respect to silicon.
The  world  is  blessed  with  large  deposits  of  Quartz  which  are  spread  from  USA  to  Brazil  and  India  to
Afghanistan in many shapes and varieties. These varieties of shapes are being used in so many ways depending upon the
composition  and  elemental  distribution.  Similarly,  Pakistan  is  also  blessed  with  reasonable  proven  mineral  quartz
deposits  of  around  175  million  metric  tons  but  unfortunately  it  is  not  being  used  as  per  its  chemical  composition  /
potential. The reason may be due to  the  lack of awareness  among local people that how much this mineral is important
viz-a-viz non-availability of proper extraction / conversion facilities require for the extraction of MGS from this mineral
quartz.  Due to  the  lack of  awareness  and  lack of extraction / conversion facilities in  Pakistan,  this  mineral  quartz  is
being used  as  refractory bricks, in glass and ceramic industries  and in  different types of  construction  works, while a
major part of it is exported to other countries of the world.
The  presence of  more than 95  % of silicon  dioxide  in  quartz  of Pakistan  certify  establishment of  extraction /
conversion facility  in  the country  which lead to  the extraction of  MGS never been done  so far  in the country.  If MGS
with silicon purity level of around 96% is achieved through this extraction process,  further purification processes can be
applied which is a step towards achieving Electronic Grade Silicon and Solar Grade Silicon. This will open a new era of
advancement  in  the  field  of  electronic  and  photovoltaic  industry  in  Pakistan  thus  strengthening  the  economy  of  the
developed country like Pakistan