Electronic Circuits

This paper presents method of deriving optimal excitation signal maximizing probability of successful fault diagnosis. The approach uses evolutionary algorithm and wavelet analysis. The diagnosis procedure is conducted by means of specialized aperiodic excitation. Results are compared with fault diagnosis using unit step excitation. The method belongs to simulation before test (SBT) class of fault diagnosis procedure and focuses on case where only input and output nodes of integrated circuit under test (CUT) are available.

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PROCEDURE Part 1: a) Construct the Series-Parallel Network. Insert the measured value of each resistor.  R1 Meas. = 2.15KΩ R1 Calc. = 2.2KΩ  R2 Meas. = 0.99 KΩ R2 Calc. = 1KΩ  R3 Meas. = 3.3 KΩ R3 Calc. = 3.3KΩ b) Calculate the total resistance Rt using the measured resistance values and record it.  Rt = R1 + (R2//R3) Rt = 2.2KΩ + ((1í µí°¾Ω * 3.3KΩ) (1í µí°¾Ω+3.3í µí°¾Ω)) Rt Calc. = 2.97KΩ Rt Meas. = 2.91KΩ c) Use the ohmmeter section of your multimeter to measure RT and record it. d) Determine the magnitude of the percent difference between the calculated and the measured values of parts 1(b) and 1(c) using the following equation and recorded. % í µí°·í µí±–í µí±“í µí±“í µí±’í µí±Ÿí µí±’í µí±›í µí±í µí±’ = | í µí° ¶í µí±Ží µí±™í µí±í µí±¢í µí±™í µí±Ží µí±¡í µí±’í µí±‘ − í µí±€í µí±’í µí±Ží µí± í µí±¢í µí±Ÿí µí±’í µí±‘ í µí° ¶í µí±Ží µí±™í µí±í µí±¢í µí±™í µí±Ží µí±¡í µí±’í µí±‘ | * 100%

A superluminal quantum-vortex model of the electron and the positron is produced from a superluminal double-helix model of the photon during electron-positron pair production. The two oppositely-charged (with Q = ±e sqrt (2/α) = 16.6e) open-helix spin-½ half-photons compose the double-helix photon. These half-photons separate and curl up their separated superluminal single-helical trajectories to form an electrically-charged superluminal closed-helix spin-½ quantum-vortex electron model and a corresponding positron model. The helical radius and the Dirac equation's zitterbewegung angular frequency of the quantum vortex electron and positron models equal the helical radius and zitterbewegung angular frequency of the two spin-½ half-photons, each of energy E = mc^2 , that composed the double-helix photon model of energy E = 2mc^2 from which the electron and positron models were produced. The photon and electron models are also compatible when a photon of energy E > 2mc^2 produces a relativistic electron-positron pair. Implications of the quantum vortex electron model for electron stability are discussed.

In this paper, we have designed the detailed logical circuits of 1-bit full adder- subtractor
working on analog inputs while manipulating it through half-adder, NAND, AND and OR gates integrating with ANN and Machine Learning algorithm where fixed bias is also applied with each of the designed logical gate combinations. Because hardware implementation is far better than the software manipulation so combination of designed circuit can be used to further design ANN based 4-bit or 8-bit full Adder Subtractor. Creating the new hardware device following the same circuits and techniques can reflect the best performance of Adder Subtractor over analog inputs. Resultant waveform of designed ANN based 1-bit full Adder-Subtractor and its subcircuits are completely in favor of its new hardware implementation.

In this paper, we design a novel sound source localization method for robot motion control. Time difference of arrival (TDOA), serial communication, fuzzy motion control and other technologies are combined in this design. Using this proposed method, our robot platform is able to know the location information of the talker and achieve automatic steering, which provides a better interactive experience. Numerous experiments and practical applications show that the designed method is stable and flexible with high precision and good real-time performance. Therefore, it satisfies the requirements of motion control precision and real-time performance of the home service robot.

If you’ve thought about getting into electronics, but don’t know where to start, this book gives you the information you need. Starting with the basics of electricity and circuits, you'll be introduced to digital electronics and microcontrollers, capacitors and inductors, and amplification circuits – all while gaining the basic tools and information you need to start working with low-power electronics.

Electronics for Beginners walks the fine line of focusing on projects-based learning, while still keeping electronics front and center. You'll learn the mathematics of circuits in an uncomplicated fashion and see how schematics map on to actual breadboards. Written for the absolute beginner, this book steers clear of being too math heavy, giving readers the key information they need to get started on their electronics journey.

In this paper, a method is proposed to improve the frequency stability and accuracy of the generated wave in DC/AC square wave inverters using a microcontroller-based stabilized oscillator circuit. The proposed technique relies on using the 8051 microcontroller as a stable oscillator to generate two anti-phase 50 Hz square waves for the driving power stage of the inverter based on a program stored in its internal ROM. These signals are then boosted to increase their voltage and current levels using BJT switching mode power transistors operating in the push/pull mode. The resulting signal is then raised into the required voltage level with the aid of a step-up transformer. A practical inverter circuit has been designed and constructed to convert a 12 V battery DC input into 220 V AC output based on the 8051 microcontroller. This circuit consists of an 8051 microcontroller, buffer, driver power transistor stage, final power transistor stage, and a step-up transformer. The inverter circuit has been simulated, implemented, and tested practically. The test measurements have indicated that the circuit gives a full load power of 10 W with full-load voltage regulation of 8%, and a maximum conversion efficiency of 70%.

International Journal of Modeling, Simulation and Applications invites original papers in the research areas of modeling and simulations of various aspects of devices, analysis and implementation in digital and analog circuit applications. Prediction and optimization through modelling forms the basis of engineering design. A brief communication for rapid publication of short articles announcing significant and original results are also invited.

O Objetivo do presente artigo é dar uma introdução ao estudo dos dispositivos utilizados na interconversão de energia elétrica e mecânica. O estudo integral é dado ênfase as máquinas eletromagnéticas rotativas, muito comuns e muito importantes – os motores e geradores que produzem a potência da qual as sociedades industrializadas dependem. Do mesmo modo é dedicada atenção a aspectos mais amplos da conversão eletromecânica de energia, não apenas devido a importância de outros mecanismos além da máquina rotativa, mas também para que se ganhe perspectiva apropriada. The goal is to give this article an introduction to the study of the devices used in electrical and mechanical energy interconversion. The full study is emphasized rotating electromagnetic machines, very common and very important-the engines and generators that produce power, which the industrialized societies depend. Likewise is dedicated attention to broader aspects of electromechanical energy conversion, not only because of the importance of other mechanisms besides the rotary machine, but also in order to win proper perspective.

Autor twierdzi, że współczesna kultura odeszła od pragnienia nieskazitelności i przestała interesować się tym, co bezbłędne. Stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie dlaczego zakłócenia i mankamenty zajmują centralne miejsce w świecie sztuki najnowszej oraz pragnie zbadać ich rolę w kształtowaniu obrazu współczesnej rzeczywistości. Odpowiedzi na zadane pytania znajduje w późnej filozofii Jacquesa Derridy, badaniach w ramach glitch studies (Rosa Menkman, Michael Betancourt) oraz pracach dwóch współczesnych artystów wizualnych: Andy’ego Denzlera oraz Davida Szaudera.

The design depicted shows the preventive measure that can be taken during the COVID-19 pandemic in the whole world. Sanitizers have become the most significant commodities right now. By the new rules and regulations given by WHO vigorous sanitization is needed to survive. The design gave the solution for the problem stated. The design introduces an automatic hand sanitizer and temperature sensing system, to keep the hand sanitized whenever a person wants to do it, without a contact with the sanitizing machine. The temperature sensor on touching gives the body temperature of the person.

The article discusses the recent phenomenon of postdigital aesthetics, with a focus on postdigital artists’ preference for destructive actions, and their use imperfection, distortion and errors. It analyses glitch art creators, using the theoretical tools proposed by Rosa Menkman and Michael Betancourt. It addresses the possible reasons for a return to analog in the postdigital age and for critical use of glitch in contemporary art, The art of glitch perhaps best epitomizes our postdigital condition and shows a discontinuous experience of reality.

This assessment focuses on matching several circuits, learning in detail about optimization and
how to control the optimized outputs, learning the effects and variation on results (Bandwidth,
gain, magnitude) by the aid of tuning.
The circuits shown will range from basic matching circuits all the waves to matching using a quarter-wave transformer (multi-section) and using an open circuit single stub architecture. The entire
assessment is split into 3 investigations.
The first will deal with basics such as basic tuning, basic optimization, basic matching with only
a load and a source component (mostly resistive for both) and lastly basic microstrip architecture
and there resulting plots and discussions on the plots.
The second will deal with complex architectures where the matching will be done using an open
circuit stub (single stub) and a quarter-wave transformer complete with the instance views, the
MLIN variables, the initial to final schematics and the resulting plots accompanied by their
discussions.
The third and final investigation will deal with a single section and 2 sections quarter-wave
transformers. This investigation will cover on the equations used to obtain the impedance values
for both the cases and the variation in the results.
These three investigations will be done using the ADS software, in addition to the general
procedure, the assessment will focus on different tasks present in each investigation. This entire
report will focus on how the variation of components in each condition or number of conditions
will affect the overall outcome of the entire frequency plot.
The supporting diagrams such as tables showing the variables chosen for optimization, chosen for
tuning and/or chosen for any other untold purpose has been properly uploaded and referenced.
Terms pointing to the advantages, disadvantages, and applications have been informed in a brief
and the diagrams for each simulation performed has its description assuming a few terms and
concepts are known to the user.

This report discusses the lab experiments about applying both of Ohm’s and Kirchhoff's laws. The main objectives of the experiment were concern about calculating the resistance and currents in the multiple possible methods which were the color coding system, Ohm’s and Kirchoff’s law in a simple resistive network. Five different tasks have been performed in order to achieve to the objectives and discuss the results. Multiple methods were applied in this lab experiment to detect the values of resistance of many circuits. It’s noticeable that measurements and calculations showed results with very low error percentages.

The design of a linear integrated Op Amp circuit as an alternative solution to differential equation model of RLC Circuit is presented. The fundamental assumption used in the cascaded Operational Amplifier (Op Amp) design is that Op Amp acts linearly. In this paper, we will examine the behavior of the Op Amp when it is used in the cascaded circuit that is an electrical analog to the differential equation model of RLC circuit, which arises in numerous applications particularly in control and communication systems such as ringing circuits, resonant circuits, filters and oscillators. We will design the cascaded op amp circuit that is analog to differential equation model of RLC circuit and obtain graphical results of output function versus time using PSpice Software Probe. To confirm the validity of the design of a linear integrated Op Amp circuit as an alternative solution to differential equation model of RLC circuit implemented in the PSpice Software, simulation results are compared with RLC circuit where we find good agreement between the theoretical predictions of the differential equation model of RLC circuit and the design of a linear integrated Op Amp circuit.