Spatial Data

The new century brings with it growing interest in crime places. This interest spans theory from the perspective of understanding the etiol- ogy of crime, and practice from the perspective of developing effec- tive criminal justice interventions to reduce crime. We do not attempt a comprehensive treatment of the substantial body of theoretical and empirical research on place and crime

As the largest archipelagic nation with thousands of islands, the establishment of infrastructure for marine and coastal spatial data is indispensable. Six technical working groups have been formed as a component of spatial data information management in the Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project (MCRMP). The groups’ responsibilities are to determine the standard of spatial database, the data clearinghouse and custodianship among stakeholders and improvement of human resource. After the discussion with stakeholders, some standards have been established and some agreements have been reached to be implemented in the further stage of national spatial data infrastructure.

The theoretical framework of history used in an Annales approach can and should be a guide to spatial analysis. To illustrate this approach, the authors use spatial data from the RASA Project archaeological research on prehistoric human landscapes in ...

Clustering geographically referenced data is an important issue in Geographic Information Science. There are several algorithms that can be used in such tasks, the self- organizing map (SOM) is one of the most popular tools in this context. Although the standard SOM can be used geographically referenced data, it is useful to have a clustering tool that takes into account

While the geography of crime has been a focal concern in criminology from the very start of the discipline, the development and use of statistical methods specifically designed for spatially referenced data has evolved more recently. This chapter gives an overview of the application of such methods in research on crime and criminal justice, and provides references to the general

With the enabling Information Technology, disseminating every kind of information through the Internet became an enforcing condition for information providers. Now, it is more than being fashion and fun. Serving information on the Internet is a demand from the consumer as a commercial necessity. Internet allows all levels of society to access spatial data and even interactive mapping facilities that are available through the Web. Furthermore, Internet reshapes conventional characteristics of accessing, sharing, dissemination, visualization and analyzing conventions of spatial information handling. With today’s information technology support, user requirements determine remote geo-data processing as a need. In this paper a description is given of an application aiming at providing spatial data processing functions on the Internet is implemented using topographic data. In this framework, an architecture with the capability of services such as mapping, analyzing spatial data and dynami...

Mobile visualisation of map-based information is a difficult task. Designers of such systems must contend with the limitations of mobile devices in terms of hardware, screen size and input mechanisms. These problems are exacerbated by the nature of spatial data, where a large information space needs to be presented and manipulated on a small screen. In this paper, a prototype adaptive mobile map-based visualisation system, called MediaMaps, is presented. MediaMaps allows users to capture, location-tag, sort and browse multimedia in a map-based view. MediaMaps was designed to adapt the information visualised, the map-based visualisations and the supporting user interface. The results of an international field study, in which participants used MediaMaps on their personal mobile phones for a three-week period, are also presented. These results show that the adaptations implemented achieved high levels of accuracy and user satisfaction and successfully addressed some of the limitations ...

Diffuse pollution of water resources from agricultural sources is a major environmental issue in the European Union, and has been dealt with by specific legislation: the Nitrate Directive of 1991 and the Water Framework Directive of 2000. These attempts to provide a coordinated approach to solving environmental problems require methods and tools for spatial analysis and modelling on a continental scale, with river basins being used as spatial units. This paper presents a screening model (Ag-PIE), developed in a GIS environment, for the assessment of pressures from agricultural land use and the consequent impacts on surface and groundwater. Ag-PIE has been applied at the European scale (EU15), with focus on nitrogen pollution from chemical fertilisers and manure. The model adopts a multi-criteria evaluation procedure applied to spatial data layers which represent the variety of factors affecting the pollution process. The DPSIR (Driving forces, Pressures, State, Impact, Responses) approach is applied to provide the modelling approach with a conceptual framework and to further analyse and communicate results. Ag-PIE is ultimately aimed at providing a tool making use of state-of-the-art geographical databases to support policy-makers at the European level. The scale of reference adopted is the river basin, in particular those that extend across national boundaries. The quality of the results obtained has been assessed against existing related studies and monitoring reports and by means of sensitivity analysis. Conclusions are driven by considering the potential of Ag-PIE in devising policy support and its strengths and weaknesses in view of identifying future research needs.

Abstract. The recognition of manual actions, ie, hand movements, hand postures and gestures, plays an important role in human-computer interaction, while belonging to a category of particularly difficult tasks. Using a Vicon system to capture 3D spatial data, we ...